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Resting membrane potential -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande

The document, presented by Dr. R. R. Deshpande, focuses on the resting membrane potential and its implications in cellular physiology, particularly in action potentials. It explains the differences in electric potential across cell membranes during resting states and how stimulation leads to depolarization and repolarization processes. Additionally, the document addresses the significance of membrane physiology in cell communication and gives examples of drugs that interact at the neuromuscular junction.

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Action Potentials•
Resting Membrane Potential • Presented By – • Dr.R.R.Deshpande • Prof & HOD • CARC ,Pune 44 10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 1
Sharir Kriya Paper 1-Part B –Set 2 • Presented By – • Dr.R.R.Deshpande • Prof & HOD • CARC ,Pune 44 10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 2
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 310/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 3 Sharir Kriya -- Paper I – Part B –Point 2 • Presented By – • Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande (M.D in Ayurvdic Medicine & M.D. in Ayurvedic Physiology) • www.ayurvedicfriend.com • Mobile – 922 68 10 630 • mailme.drrrdeshpande@rediffmail.com
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 4 Sharir Kriya Text Books
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 510/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 5 Sharir Kriya Hand Book – 1st to last year BAMS • Best for Fast Revision • Paper 1,Paper 2 • Practicals • Instruments • Histology • IMP Schlok • All basics of Dodha,Dhatu & Mala
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 610/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 6 Sharikriya Paper Practical Book • As per Very New Syllabus formed By CCIM IN 2012 • Ayurvedic Practicals like Prakruti,sara,Agni • Modern Haematological Practicals • CNS & CVS Examination
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 710/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 7 Clinical Examination • Systemic Examination of 8 systems • Ayurvedic Srotas Examination • Clinical significance of Lab Tests & Radiology,USG,2D Echo
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 810/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 8 Sharir Kriya Paper 1 • Book in English • Total CCIM Syllabus covered • Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Publication • Popular Nationwide & In Germany also • Dosha & Prakruti
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 910/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 9 Sharir Kriya Paper 2 • Book in English • Total CCIM Syllabus covered • Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Publication • Popular Nationwide & In Germany also • Dhatu,Mala
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 10 Prof.Dr.Deshpande’s Popular Links on Internet • Just Start Internet on Desk top or Lap top or on your mobile . Copy Following Link & Paste as Web address –URL • http://www.youtube.com/user/deshpande1 959 • http://www.slideshare.net/rajendra9a/ • http://www.mixcloud.com/jamdadey/ 10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 10
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 11 Prof.Dr.Deshpande’s Popular Links on Internet • Just Start Internet on Desk top or Lap top or on your mobile . Copy Following Link & Paste as Web address –URL • http://professordeshpande.blogspot.in • http://professordrdeshpande.blogspot.in/ • http://www.mixcloud.com/rajendra- deshpande • https://soundcloud.com/professor- deshpande 10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 11
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 12 Resting Membrane Potential • Definition – • The difference in electric potential, that exists across the cell membrane, when cell is in resting state.
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 13 Resting Membrane Potential • All negative ions accumulate on the inner side • All positive ions accumulate on the outer side of the cell membrane. • So across the membrane outside will be positivity, inside will be negativity. • This is developing a potential gradient across the membrane = Resting Membrane Potential
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 14 Resting Membrane Potential • This is developed due to K ions (- 94mV), Na ions (+ 8mV), Na - K pump (- 4mV) • RMP of brain cells = - 90mV.
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 15 RMP is measuered by Nernst’s equation
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 16 Normal Values of RMP
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 17 What is action potential? • Series of events occurring in RMP when cell is stimulated with adequate stimulus, the events are as follows - Events – • 1. Application of adequate stimulus • 2. Depolarization (Na+ influx) • 3. Repolarization (K+ efflux) • 4. Hyperpolarization • 5. Na+ - K+ pump
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 18 Graph of action potential • 1) It is like spike in skeletal muscle • 2) It is plateau potential in cardiac muscle (this plateau is because of delayed closure of Na+ & delayed opening of K+ channels.)
Action Potential 10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 19
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 20 Properties of action potential • 1) It spreads along the membrane. Impulse is nothing but self preparatory action potential • 2) All or none law - If stimulus is adequate, there is full AP. But if no adequate stimulus, there will be no AP. • Half AP is not possible.
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 21 Properties of action potential • 3) Refractory period - This is the period in which another AP is possible. (for skeletal muscle & nerve R. P. is short but for cardiac muscle R. P. is long.) • Refractory period indicates fatigability. Heart has low or no fatigability.
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 22 AP & Heart muscle • For AP, stimulus is must but heart is exception. • This is because auto rhythmicity of heart muscle by SA node. • Here there are P cells & naturally leaky Na channels are there. • So natural depolarisation takes place. • Because of P cells, SA node is called as pace maker.
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 23 Application of membrane physiology • In the human body cell to cell communication also takes place. • This occurs in following ways – • 1) Neuro hormone (Neurotransmitter) • 2) Local hormone 3) Through chemicals
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 24 Application of membrane physiology • Cell to communication is either excitory or inhibitory • As naturally there are many hyper active area are in brain, we need inhibitory signals.
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 25 Application of membrane physiology • At neuromuscular (NM) junction, through NM synapse, neurotransmitters are secreted. • Excitation occurs due to Depolarization or • Inhibitory action takes place due to Repolarization
Depolarization & Repolarozation 10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 26
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 27 Examples of drugs acting at Neuromuscular junction • 1) Cholinomimatic drugs - eg. Pilocarpine • Pilocarpine eye drops are used in Glaucoma. This drug will cause contraction of iris muscle & pupils will be narrow.
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 28 Examples of drugs acting at neuromuscular junction • 2) Anti - cholinergic drugs - eg. Atropine • Inj. Atropine is used when there is a colicky pain in the abdomen, Atropine blocks Ach .So muscle contraction or spasm is prevented.
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 29 Examples of drugs acting at neuromuscular junction • 3) Competitive inhibitors - eg. Scholine • Scholine blocks Ach, used for Anesthesia, to induce temporary muscle relaxation.
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 30 Examples of drugs acting at neuromuscular junction • 4) Anticholinesterases - eg. Neostigmine • Neostigmine block cholinesterase (this enzyme is responsible for destroying Ach) • Hence it is useful when we required Ach in more amount. So this is very useful in the disease Myasthenia gravis (where there is deficiency of Ach)
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 31 Examples of drugs acting at neuromuscular junction • 5) Neostigmine is also useful in the poisoning of Kobra & crait (to prevent respiratory muscle paralysis). • Neostigmine will maintain amount of Ach
10/15/2015 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 32 Drugs regenerating cholinesterase • eg. PAM – Insecticides like Endrine block cholinesterase. Hence there is too much Ach, which is inhibitory to heart. In this condition PAM will be useful by regenerating cholinesterase.
Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande • Sharing of Knowledge • FOR • Propagating Ayurved 10/15/2015 33Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande