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REST Easy with Django-Rest-Framework
The document provides an overview of Django REST Framework, detailing its components, installation, and functionality for building APIs using REST concepts. It covers core topics such as serializers, API views, viewsets, and URL routing while highlighting the advantages of REST over SOAP. The document also includes customization options and resources for further learning.
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REST Easy with Django-Rest-Framework
- 1. REST EASY WITH DJANGO-REST-FRAMEWORK MARCEL CHASTAIN (@MARCELCHASTAIN) LA DJANGO - 2014-10-28
- 2. WHAT WE’LL COVER • What’s REST? Why/when would we use it? • REST challenges • Django solutions • Installing DRF • DRF Core Components (and Django counterparts) • Building our Demo API • Customizing • Resources
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- 4. …BUT I’M NOTTIRED
- 5. BUT I’M NOTTIRED REST stands for Representational State Transfer All 4 CRUD operations Uses HTTP requests to: • Post data(Create, Update) • Read data • Delete
- 6. WHY REST? Betterthan SOAP XML is the stuff of nightmares Uses JSON for data structures Popular – most modern 3rd party web APIs use RESTful endpoints
- 7. COMMON USE-CASES Single-PageApplications Real-Time Services SaaS APIs Creating external APIs for existing sites Mobile Apps WebComponents, Polymer, modular site design Modern JS Site Frameworks (Angular, Ember, Backbone, etc)
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- 10. ALL TOGETHER NOW: We should roll our own!
- 11. … OK JUSTBE SURE TO INCLUDE • serialization/deserialization
- 12. … OK JUSTBE SURE TO INCLUDE • serialization/deserialization • parsing
- 13. … OK JUSTBE SURE TO INCLUDE • serialization/deserialization • parsing • model introspection
- 14. … OK JUSTBE SURE TO INCLUDE • serialization/deserialization • parsing • model introspection • relationship traversal • pluggable authentication • permissions • url structure • proper HTTP methods • pagination • forms • error handling • request filters • consistency • maybe some generic views • request throttling • …and tests!
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- 18. PROPER SOLUTIONS django-rest-framework • 900+ forks • 304 contributors • 3k stars • The greatest documentation I’ve seen in a library django-tastypie • 900+ forks • 112 contributors • 2.6k stars • Delicious-sounding name
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- 21. INSTALLATION pip installdjangorestframework pip install markdown # optional pip install django-filter # optional
- 22. INSTALLATION (2) Addto INSTALLED_APPS # settings.py INSTALLED_APPS = ( ... ‘rest_framework’, )
- 23. INSTALLATION (3) Includethe login/logout views # urls.py
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- 27. DJANGO-REST-FRAMEWORK THE CORE COMPONENTS
- 28. IN TRADITIONAL DJANGO: 1. Models/Querysets 2. Class-Based Views/Mixins 3. Generic Views 4. URLs 5. HTTP Requests 6. Rendered Responses IN DRF: 1. Serializers 2. APIViews/Mixins 3. ViewSets 4. Routers 5. HTTP Requests 6. HTTP Responses
- 29. 1. SERIALIZERS “Serializersallow complex data to be converted to native Python datatypes that can then be easily rendered in JSON, XML or other content types”
- 30. 1.1 SERIALIZERS Declarativesyntax, similar to Forms/ModelForms Automatically handle single Model instances or Querysets
- 31. 1.2 SERIALIZERS #using it >>> note = Note.objects.first() >>> serializer = NoteSerializer(note) >>> serializer.data {u'id': 1, 'body': u'First, do no harm.', 'pub_date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 28, 11, 23, 30, tzinfo=<UTC>), 'title': u'Hippocratic Oath', 'user': { 'id': 1, 'username': u'demo', 'email': u'demo@demo.com' } }
- 32. 2. APIVIEWS Subclassof Django’s View class Simple - has .get() .post(), etc methods Some Differences: • Requests not normal HTTPRequest (more later) • Responses are not normal HTTPResponse (more later) • Auth, permissions, throttling done in advance
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- 34. 3. VIEWSETS Similarto Django’s Generic Views. “A type of Class-Based View that provides actions like .list() and .create() instead of .get() and .post()” Combine the logic for a set of related views into one class, for all the actions you’ll need to take.
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- 37. 4. URL ROUTERS Automatic URL routing Simple, quick, consistent way of wiring your view logic to a set of URLs
- 38. 4. URL ROUTERS Automatic URL routing Simple, quick, consistent way of wiring your view logic to a set of URLs
- 39. 5. REQUESTS •In an APIView or ViewSet, ‘request’ is a DRF Request. • Incoming JSON data in request is processed just like Form data • Makes request data available as • request.DATA (vs .POST) • request.FILES • request.QUERY_PARAMS (vs .GET)
- 40. 6. RESPONSES Usescontent-negotiation to render final content (Hence why built-in API Console shows rich interface to us but would deliver plain JSON to an AJAX request)
- 41. IN TRADITIONAL DJANGO: 1. Models/Querysets 2. Class-Based Views/Mixins 3. Generic Views 4. URLs 5. HTTPRequest 6. HTTPResponse IN DRF: 1. Serializers 2. APIViews/Mixins 3. ViewSets 4. URL Routers 5. DRF ‘Request’ 6. DRF ‘Response’ REVIEW:
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- 43. INSTALLATION (REPO) gitclone https://github.com/marcelchastain/drf-demo.git
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- 46. CUSTOMIZING VIEWS •queryset • serializer_class • filter_class • authentication_classes (rest_framework.authentication) • permission_classes (rest_framework.permissions) • parser_classes (rest_framework.parsers) • renderer_classes (rest_framework.renderers) • throttle_classes (rest_framework.throttling) • paginate_by, max_paginate_by (Defaults for most can be set in settings.py)
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- 48. RESOURCES Docs: http://www.django-rest-framework.org Tutorial: http://www.django-rest-framework.org/#tutorial IRC: #restframework on irc.freenode.net StackOverflow: ‘django-rest-framework’ tag Author: Tom Christie (@_tomchristie) Commercial Support: “DAB Apps” http://dabapps.com
- 49. REST EASY WITH DJANGO-REST-FRAMEWORK MARCEL CHASTAIN (@MARCELCHASTAIN) LA DJANGO - 2014-10-28
Editor's Notes
- #31 NoteSerializer.user would have been a plain primary key, but we use a nested serializer