Rationale of controlled drug delivery

Rationale of controlled drug delivery

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  RATIONALE OF CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SubmittedBy, Ameena Kadar K A Final year B Pharm Grace College of Pharmacy
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   Introduction  Controlleddrug delivery is one, which delivers the drugs at a predetermined rate, for locally or systemically, for a specified period of time.  It maintains constant level of drug in blood and tissue for extended period of time.  Continuous oral delivery of drugs at predictable & reproducible kinetics for predetermined period throughout the course of GIT.  Sustained drug delivery may provide an immediate dose required for the normal therapeutic response, followed by the gradual release of drug in amounts sufficient to maintain the therapeutic response for a specific extended period of time usually 8-12 hours.
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  RATIONALE OF CONTROLLED DRUGDELIVERY  The basic rationale of a controlled release drug delivery system is to optimize the biopharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties of a drug is such a way that it's utility is maximized through reduction in side effects and cure or control of disease conditions in the shortest possible time by using smallest quantity of drug administered by most suitable route.  The immediate release drug delivery system lacks some features like dose maintenance, controlled release and site targeting.
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   The decreasein frequency of daily dose is more convenient to the patient and can lead to improved patient compliance.  Reduction of dosing from 3 to 4 times daily to once or twice daily has been shown to increase patient compliance.  A controlled release dosage form may decrease the drug concentration fluctuations by reducing peak blood levels, thus potentially reducing dose related adverse effects and increase the minimum plasma concentrations, there by increasing efficacy if a threshold concentration is required.
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   An idealdrug delivery system should deliver the drug at a rate dictated by the need of body over a specified period of treatment.  It is desirable that the duration of drug action become more to design properly.  The basic rationale for controlled drug delivery is to alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pharmacologically active moieties by using novel drug delivery system or by modifying the molecular structure and /or physiological parameters.
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  ADVANTAGES  Reduce frequencyof administration.  Employ minimum drug.  Minimize or eliminates local & systemic side effects, reduced GIT irritation.  Better patient compliance and acceptance.  Reduced duration of treatment period.  Improved efficacy or safety ratio.  Cure or control confirm more promptly.  Minimize drug accumulation with chronic dosing.
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   A suitabledelivery system for drugs which having a short biological half-life (3-4 hrs) and drug rapidly eliminate from the body.  Reduced fluctuations in circulating drug levels.  Make use of special effects, Eg: sustained release aspect for morning relief of arthritis by dosing before bed time.  CRDDS Improve absorption, utilization and there by enhancing bioavailability.  Uniform drug effect.  Suitable for long term treatments for Chronic disease.
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  CONCLUSION  A suitablydeliberate controlled release drug delivery system can be a significant progress towards solving problems regarding the targeting of a drug to a particular organ or tissue and controlling the rate of drug delivery to the target site.  Controlled release (C.R) stuff provide an advantage over conventional quantity forms by optimizing bio-pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of medicinal products.  In such a way that controlled the release of drugs reduces the drugs dosing rate to an extent.
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   Once thedaily dose is enough for remedial management through the uniform plasma, focus providing maximum efficacy of drug with a reduction in local and systemic side effects and treatment or control circumstance in shortest possible time by the smallest amount of drug to assure greater patient compliance.  The most significant role of drug release system is to find the drug delivered to the site of action in ample quantity and at the proper rate, and it should meet other relevant criteria as physical and chemical stability, ability to be mass-produced at the particular site.  With improved understanding of controlled-release mechanisms and improved development of technologies, it may be possible to design an appropriate method for efficient drug delivery system at the particular site.
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  REFERENCES 1. A textbook of “Novel Drug Delivery Systems” by Dr. Aijaz sheikh and et.al ; Page NO:4-5 2. “CONTROLLED RELEASE DRUG FORMULATION IN PHARMACEUTICALS: A STUDY ON THEIR APPLICATION AND PROPERTIES” article by Rajesh Tiwari. 3. CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW Patel Nidhi1* , Chaudhary Anamika1 , Soni Twinkle1 , Sambyal Mehul1 , Jain Hitesh1 , Upadhyay Umesh (article).