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Radio Transmission(Networking Classes)

This document summarizes key aspects of radio transmission for computer networks. It describes how radio transmission works by modulating electromagnetic waves, lists characteristics like the ability to travel long distances and penetrate buildings, and provides examples of modulation techniques including AM, FM, and PCM. It also discusses propagation of radio waves through the air, common uses of radio transmission, and advantages and disadvantages compared to other transmission methods.

Education◦
Computer Networks The Physical Layer Wireless Transmission • Radio Transmission Presented By:- Ravi Ranjan (MCA-II yr),Reg.No. :- 13352223
Radio Transmission • Radio is the transmission of signals through free space by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light • In telecommunication, transmission is the process of sending and propagating an analogue or digital information signal over a physical p-to-p or p-to-multipoint transmission medium.
Characteristics of Radio Transmission • Radio frequency (RF) waves are easy to generate. • It can travel long distances, and can penetrate building easily. • It is widely used for communication, both indoors and outdoors . • Radio waves also are omnidirectional, meaning that they travel in all directions from the source, so the transmitter and receiver do not have to be carefully aligned physically.
Characteristics of Radio Transmission • The properties of radio waves are frequency dependent. • At low frequencies, radio waves pass through obstacles well. • The power falls sharply with distance from the source at least as fast as 1/r2 in air –as the signal energy is spread more thinly over a larger surface. This attenuation is called path loss. • At high frequency, radio waves tend to travel in straight lines and bounce off obstacles. • At all frequencies, radio waves are subject to interface from motors and other electrical equipment.
Characteristics of Radio Transmission • In the VLF, LF and MF bands, radio waves follow the ground • These waves can be detected for perhaps 1000km at the lower frequencies, less at higher ones. • In the HF, and VHF band, the ground waves tend to be absorbed by the earth. • It is use to way for broadcasting through the air medium with the help of ionosphere.
Types of transmission.. • Amplitude Modulation (AM) • Frequency Modulation (FM) • Phase Modulation (PM) • Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
Amplitude Modulation (AM) • Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave • Signals of AM band (450-1650 KHz)
Frequency Modulation (FM) • FM is a system by which the modulating audio to change the instantaneous frequency of the carrier. • Frequency modulation (FM) is the standard technique for high-fidelity communications as is evident in the received. • Signals of the FM band (88-108 MHz)
Phase Modulation (PM) • Phase modulation is widely used for transmitting radio waves and is an integral part of many digital transmission coding schemes that underlay a wide range of technologies like WiFi, GSM and satellite television
Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) • PCM Transmitters send a digital signal embedded in the FM radio wave. A digital processor in the transmitter encodes the signals and sends it out through a regular FM radio wave.
Propagation • Radio waves travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space • Information is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width
Uses • Audio • Telephony • Video • Navigation • Radar • Data (Digital Radio) • Radio control
Advantages • Simple Circuit • Cheap • No Licenses Needed • High Speed/Bandwidth • Covers Large Areas (Penetrates through walls)
Disadvantages • Limited number of free frequency bands • Shielding is difficult • Interference with other electrical devices • Greater Power Consumption • Limited Spectrum of Frequency
Examples • FM Channels • Walkie Talkies
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