Quantum computing leverages principles of quantum mechanics to perform computations more efficiently than classical computers, with potential applications in areas such as cryptography and optimization. Key principles include superposition, entanglement, and coherence, which allow for complex computations using qubits instead of classical bits. Despite significant advancements, challenges such as hardware limitations, error correction, and decoherence remain in the development of practical quantum computing solutions.

1. INDIAN INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY UNA
QUANTUM COMPUTING
Divyansh
(23124)
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2. CONTENTS
1. QUANTUM COMPUTERS
2. CLASSICAL VS QUANTUM COMPUTERS
7. APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
4. QUANTUM GATES
5. QUANTUM ALGORITHMS
3. PROPERTIES OF QUANTUM COMPUTING
6. MODERN DAY QUANTUM COMPUTERS
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3. QUANTUM COMPUTERS
• Quantum computers use the principles of quantum
mechanics to perform certain types of computations
more efficiently than classical computers.
• Currently in the developing phase, with ongoing
advancements and research.
• Quantum computers hold the potential to
revolutionize various fields, including
cryptography, optimization, and simulations.
• Visionary scientists, such as Richard Feynman,
recognized the necessity of a computer to simulate
quantum systems.
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4. CLASSICAL
COMPUTERS
• Built on classical bits (0 or 1).
• Sequential execution via a central
processing unit (CPU).
• Bits are independent.
• Logical gates (AND, OR, NOT) are
fundamental building blocks.
• Follows classical programming models
and languages (e.g., C++, Java).
• Implemented with classical electronic
components (transistors).
• Uses qubits in a superposition of 0
and 1.
• Uses quantum phenomena for
processing.
• Qubits can be entangled, linking their
states and enabling synchronized
actions.
• Quantum gates manipulate qubits
through operations like Hadamard.
• Requires a quantum programming
paradigm; like Q# and Qiskit.
QUANTUM
COMPUTERS
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5. QUBITS VS BITS
• Classical Computers use Bits(0 and 1) to
represent true and false states.
• 0 and 1 mean switch off and switch on
states respectively.
• Quantum Computers use Qubits or
Quantum Bits for computing.
• Unlike classical bits, which can exist in
one of two states (0 or 1), qubits can exist
in multiple states simultaneously, through
a phenomenon known as superposition.
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6. PROPERTIES OF QUANTUM COMPUTING
Quantum Superposition
Entanglement
Coherence
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7. QUANTUM SUPERPOSITION
• Quantum superposition is a fundamental
principle of quantum mechanics that allows
quantum systems to exist in multiple states at
the same time.
• A Quantum qubit for example can be a small
particle such as an electron.
• Two states can be spin up and spin down.
• At a given time, and electron can exist in both
the states simultaneously.
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8. ENTANGLEMENT
•Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in
Quantum Mechanics.
•Two or more particles become correlated or
linked, influencing each other's states.
•When observing the value of one entangled
qubit, the value of the other qubit is instantly
known.
•Quantum entanglement enables coding tasks
beyond the capabilities of classical computers.
•This phenomenon contributes to the speed of
Quantum Computers.
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9. COHERENCE
•Coherence is a quantum system's ability to
maintain its state over time.
•It's vital for accurate quantum computations.
•High coherence minimizes information loss
or interference.
•Techniques like error correction are crucial
for preserving coherence and enabling
efficient quantum computation.
•It allows the execution of complex
algorithms with speed and accuracy.
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10. QUANTUM GATES AND OPERATIONS
• Classical gates are OR, AND, NOT.
• Quantum gates- analogous to classical
logic gates but operate according to the
principles of quantum mechanics.
• Quantum gates - Fundamental building
blocks in quantum computing that
manipulate the quantum state of qubits.
• They perform operations on qubits,
allowing quantum computers to perform
specific computations.
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11. QUANTUM GATES
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12. QUANTUM ALGORITHMS
• An algorithm for integer factorization, pivotal in cryptography
and security.
Shor's Algorithm for Factorization
• Efficiently searches unsorted databases, providing a quadratic
speedup over classical algorithms.
Grover's Algorithm for
Unstructured Search
• Crucial in various quantum algorithms, including Shor's
algorithm and quantum phase estimation.
Quantum Fourier Transform
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13. MODERN DAY QUANTUM COMPUTERS
IBM Quantum Computers
•Developed systems like IBM
Quantum Hummingbird and IBM
Quantum Eagle.
•Features increasing qubit counts and
improved coherence times.
Google Quantum Computer
• Achieved quantum supremacy in
1919 with 53-qubit processor named
Sycamore.
• Continuously enhancing quantum
hardware and developing practical
quantum algorithms.
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14. APPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING
Secure Communications
Quantum computing enables
unbreakable encryption methods,
ensuring secure transmission of
sensitive data.
Molecular Modeling
Quantum computers simulate complex
molecular interactions, advancing
drug discovery and material science.
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15. APPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING
Machine Learning and AI
Quantum computing techniques can
enhance machine learning algorithms by
speeding up tasks such as pattern
recognition, optimization.
Optimization and Operations Research
Quantum computers excel at solving
optimization problems, such as route
planning, resource allocation, and supply
chain management.
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16. CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS
Hardware Limitations
Building and maintaining quantum computing hardware is
immensely challenging due to the requirements for extreme
precision and control.
Complexity
Quantum algorithms and operations are complex to design
and implement, posing a significant challenge for developers.
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17. CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS
Decoherence
One of the biggest challenges in quantum computing is
decoherence, where qubits lose their quantum state due to
environmental interference.
Error Rates
Quantum systems are highly susceptible to errors, requiring
error correction techniques to maintain accuracy in
computations.
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18. CONCLUSION
Achievements
Quantum computing has made
strides in solving complex
problems that were previously
insurmountable.
Limitless Potential
Its ability to process massive
amounts of data holds promise
for revolutionary
advancements in various
fields.
Ongoing Challenges
Efforts continue to overcome
obstacles such as error
correction and scalability for
practical implementation.
Exciting Future
Prospects
The future of quantum
computing appears bright,
offering hope for
groundbreaking technological
innovations.
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19. ANY QUESTIONS?
Contact Details:
Divyansh
E-mail: 23124@iiitu.ac.in
THANKS
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