Python is a simple yet powerful programming language that can be used across many platforms. It has an elegant syntax that is easy to read and write. Key features of Python include being open source, object-oriented, and having automatic memory management. Python code is portable and Python has a large standard library and community. Common data types in Python include strings, lists, tuples, and dictionaries. Python also supports functions, conditional statements, loops, and defines operators for comparisons and arithmetic.

1. Python Programming
By: Swati Choudhary

2. Programming : Python
• What is Python ?
A dynamic, open source programming language with a focus on
simplicity and productivity.
It has an elegant syntax that is natural to read and easy to write.

3. There are so many programming Languages.
Why Python ?

4. Why Python?
 Python is Simple & Beautiful
 Python is Object-Oriented
• Structure supports concepts as Polymorphism, Operation overloading & Multiple Inheritance
 Python is Free (Open Source Language )
• Downloading & Installing Python is Free & Easy
• Source Code is easily Accessible
 Python is Portable & Powerful
• Runs virtually on every major Platforms used today
• Dynamic Typing, Built-in types & tools, Library Utilities, Automatic Memory Management

5. Why Python?

6. Python Versions
Python 2.x is legacy; Python 3.x is the present and future of the language.
The most visible difference is probably the way the “print” statement works.
In python2 it’s a statement
print “Hello World!”
In Python3 it’s a function
print(“Hello World!”)

7. Python Strings:
Strings in Python are identified as a contiguous set of characters in between
quotation marks.
str = 'Hello World!'
Print(str) # Prints complete string
print(str[0]) # Prints first character of the string
Print(str[2:5]) # Prints characters starting from 3rd to 6th
print(str[2:]) # Prints string starting from 3rd character
print(str * 2) # Prints string two times
print(str + "TEST“) # Prints concatenated string

8. Python Lists:
Lists are the most versatile of Python's compound data types. A list
contains items separated by commas and enclosed within square
brackets ([]).
list1 = [ ‘hello', 786 , 4.1, ‘Ram', 702 ]
list2 = [123, ‘Victor']
Nested List
my_list = ["mouse", [8, 4, 6], ['a']]

9. Python List Methods
Methods that are available with list object in Python programming are tabulated below.
They are accessed as list.method()
append() - Add an element to the end of the list
extend() - Add all elements of a list to another list
insert() - Insert an item at the defined index
remove() - Removes an item from the list
pop() - Removes and returns an element at the given index
clear() - Removes all items from the list
index() - Returns the index of the first matched item
count() - Returns the count of number of items passed as an argument
sort() - Sort items in a list in ascending order
reverse() - Reverse the order of items in the list
copy() - Returns a shallow copy of the list

10. Python Tuples:
A tuple is another sequence data type that is similar to the list. Unlike
lists, however, tuples are enclosed within parentheses.
tuple1 = ( ‘hello', 786 , 2.23, ‘victor', 70.2 )
tuple2 = (123, ‘jay')
print(tuple1) # Prints complete list
print(tuple1[0]) # Prints first element of the list
print(tuple1[1:3]) # Prints elements starting from 2nd to 4th
print(tuple1[2:]) # Prints elements starting from 3rd element
print(tuple2 * 2) # Prints list two times
print(tuple1 + tuple2) # Prints concatenated lists

11. Python Dictionary:
Python 's dictionaries consist of key-value pairs.
dict1 = {'name': 'john','code':6734, 'dept': 'sales'}
print(dict1['name’]) # Prints value for 'one' key
print(dict1['code’]) # Prints value for 2 key
print(dict1) # Prints complete dictionary
print(dict1.keys()) # Prints all the keys
Print(dict1.values()) # Prints all the values

12. Python Operators
• Arithmetic operators (+, _, *, /, %, //, **)
• Comparison operators (>, <, ==, !=, >=, <=)
• Logical operators (And, OR, NOT)
• Bitwise operators (|OR, ^ XOR, ~ COMP)
• Assignment operators (=, +=, -=, *=, /=, //=, %=)
• Special operators
• Identity operators (is, is not)
• Membership operators (in, not in)

13. If else structure[conditional statement]
if expression1:
statement(s)
elif expression2:
statement(s)
elif expression3:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)

14. For loop using Range
# Prints out the numbers 0,1,2,3,4
for x in range(5):
print(x)
# Prints out 3,4,5
for x in range(3, 6):
print(x)
# Prints out 3,5,7
for x in range(3, 8, 2):
print(x)

15. While loop
while expression:
statements(s)
"break" and "continue" statements
break is used to exit a for loop or a while loop, whereas continue is used to skip the current
block, and return to the "for" or "while" statement

16. Defining Functions
def calculate(a,b):
print("Sum is=",a+b)
print("Difference is=",a-b)
print("Product is=",a*b)
calculate(20,10)
Functions are nothing but the pieces of code which are define for it
re-usability any time we call it

17. IoT example
# Program to load data into cloud
import time # To use sleep function
import requests
import random
baseurl="https://api.thingspeak.com/update?api_key="
apikey=“XXXXXXXXXXXX" #WriteAPI key
while True:
temp=random.randrange(15,50)
hum=random.randrange(30,70)
x=requests.get(baseurl+apikey+"&field1=%d&field2=%d"%(temp,hum))
time.sleep(1)
print(x)