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Prominent tribal languages in india

This document discusses prominent tribal languages in India. It begins by providing context on India's linguistic diversity and the percentage of the population that speaks tribal languages. It then classifies India's tribal languages into 5 main families: Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, Austro-Asiatic, and Andamanese. For each family, it lists the languages within it and the regions where they are spoken. It notes that many tribal languages are endangered and at risk of extinction, with some already extinct. It provides examples of languages nearly extinct, such as Majhi in Sikkim and discusses government initiatives to preserve endangered languages.

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Prominent Tribal languages in India PRESENTED BY RAVEESH SHARMA
INTRODUCTION • India, as we all know is a land full of diversity – different cultures, faiths, lifestyle, traditions, rituals etc. are all interwoven, that makes it a vibrant nation. There is a popular adage in India goes – “Every two miles the water doth change, and every four the dialect”.
• As per the census, tribal people make up about 8.2 percent of the nation’s total population. This diversity extends to languages as well. A survey done by passionate linguistics has established that there exist about 1635 native languages (of which about 197 are classified as between endangered and vulnerable by UNESCO).
• Tribal Languages, therefore are universally significant and are languages of the earth containing ecological, geographical, and climatic information. “A Language is the Mirror of the Mind”. - Noam chomsky
Classification of Tribes in India Languages Indo Aryan Dravidian Austro AsiaticTibeto Burman Andamenese
When come to think of different dialects prevalent in India, we can easily divide them into five major language families starting from the first civilization of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, Andamanese and Austro-Asiatic. However, for a better understanding of the tribal region segregation, it is best to have a look at the regions where tribal population inhabits. Therefore, a quick glance at the Indian map will divide the nation into five major belts namely –
1. The Himalayan Belt: This region consists of states that are nick-named as seven sisters (North Eastern States–Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, and Tripura) along with Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh. 2. Central Indian Belt: Over half of the population lives in this belt and states that come into this region are Bihar, Odisha (Orissa), West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh. 3. Western Indian Belt: This region consists of Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Goa, Gujarat, and Dadra & Nagar Haveli. 4. The Dravidian Belt: Primarily, it’s the South Indian region and it starts from Karnataka to Kerala from one end and from Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu at the other. 5. The Islands: Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Indo-Aryan Family: The languages spoken by inhabitants of this family are following – Name of the Language Region Spoken Baigani Chhattisgarh Bhili Gujarat& Rajasthan Chakma Bengal & Assam Dhanki Gujarat, Rajasthan & Maharashtra Dhundhari Rajasthan Garasia Gujarat & Rajasthan Gujjari Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Delhi Hajong Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh Harauti Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh Halbi Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh Jaunsari Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh
Name of the languages Region spoken Khotta West Bengal Kokni Gujarat, Rajasthan Kotwalia Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat Thar Rajasthan Lamani Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, West Bengal Magahi Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal Mavchi Gujarat, Maharashtra Nimari Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra Rathi Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra Tharu Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal Wagri Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh Warli Maharashtra, Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Tibeto-Burman Family: Language spoken by this part of region includes mainly – Name of the Language Region Spoken AdiAshing Arunachal Pradesh Apatani Arunachal Pradesh Ao Nagaland Balti Kashmir Dafla Arunachal Pradesh Bodo Assam Bhotia Uttarakhand Chiru Manipur, Nagaland Deori Assam, Arunachal Pradesh Duhlian-Twang Mizoram Gangte Manipur, Meghalaya, Assam Hmar Mizoram, Manipur, Assam Hualngo Mizoram Koireng Manipur Konyak Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland
Lahauli Himachal Pradesh Mara Mizoram Lushai Mizoram, Tripura, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland Mishing Assam Monpa Arunachal Pradesh Naga Nagaland Sherdukpen Assam, Arunachal Pradesh Paite Manipur Rengma Nagaland Sajalong Arunachal Pradesh Singpho Arunachal Pradesh, Assam Tagin Assam Vaiphei Manipur, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura Wancho Nagaland Zakhring Arunachal Pradesh Zou Manipur
Dravidian Family: The languages spoken by this family are – Name of the Language Region Spoken Dhurwa Chhattisgarh Gondi Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh Koraga Karnataka, Kerala Kodagu Karnataka Kolami Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra Koya Andhra Pradesh, Odisha Kui Odisha Kuvi Odisha Kurukh Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh Maria Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh Naiki Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra Parji Madhya Pradesh Pengo Odisha Tulu Karnataka, Kerala Yerukula Andhra Pradesh
Austro-Asiatic Family – Tribal language spoken by the members of this family include – Name of the Language Region Spoken Asuri Jharkhand Bondo Odisha Juang Odisha Ho Jharkhand, Odisha Kharia Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Assam, Tripura Korku Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra Kurmi Maharashtra Korwa Chhattisgarh Lodha West Bengal, Odisha Mundari Jharkhand Nicobarese Nicobar Islands Savara Andhra Pradesh Santali Jharkhand, Assam, Odisha, Tripura, West Bengal, Assam Shompen Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Andamanese Family: If you were looking for ancient aboriginal tribe, come to Andamans. The endangered tribe lives in misery, yet managed to survive all odds. Name of the Language Region Spoken Jarawa Andaman & Nicobar Islands Santinelese North Sentinel Island – Andaman Onge Andaman Islands
Indian tribal languages staring at extinction “When a language dies, it is not just the language that disappears, but the whole culture, history and knowledge archives of the speakers.” • Currently, around 8.2 percent of the Indian population speaks in tribal languages. • However, these tribal languages are staring at a bleak future due to the cultural invasion from the West. • It is concerning that 197 Indian languages in India are reported to be endangered. • A UNESCO report revealed that while 81 languages are vulnerable, 63 are endangered. • At least 6 tribal languages are severely endangered, 42 are critically endangered, and five languages have already become extinct.
Indian tribal languages staring at extinction KORO(A.P) DIMASA (ASSAM) MAJHI(SIKKIN) SIDI(GUJRAT)
Sneak peek at 5 tribal languages which are limping towards an untimely death. Majhi in sikkim • The most threatened language of India, Majhi, is on the verge of extinction. • Extensive research by the People’s Linguistic Survey of India (PLSI) revealed that just four spoke Majhi in India. • Interestingly, all the four belong to the same family. Living in Jorethang, south of the Sikkimese capital, Gangtok, the extended family no longer even recites • They use it only during a 16-day death ritual, during which time the community speaks to the departed person, explaining to them that they have died.
MAHALI in Eastern India • Primarily spoken by the ‘Sun God’ community in eastern India, Mahali is also under serious threat of going extinct. • With more and more people migrating to other places and learning other languages, the Mahali speaking population is fading away. • While the community who spoke in Mahali dwelled in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, British colonialism uprooted them from their culture when they invaded the region. • These ‘Sun God’ worshipping people are in grave need of revitalizing their language which is on the path to extinction.
KORO in Arunachal Pradesh • Koro is considered as a “hidden” language which can be traced among an isolated hill tribe in a northeastern Indian region. • However, the influence of Koro can be found in languages in the Sino-Tibetan region. Notably, 800 to 1,200 people in the East Kameng district of Arunachal pradesh are known to use koro. • The clandestine language is also used by terror outfits in the regions.
SIDI in Gujarat Sidi, also known as Habsi (Abyssinian), is a Bantu language of India, descended from Swahili. Although announced as extinct, Sidi was reported to still be spoken in the mid-20th century in Kathiawar, Gujarat.
Dimasa in Assam • Migration of people to urban areas dealt a ghastly blow to the Dimasa language which was commonly used the states of Assam and Nagaland. • It might be mentioned that the language is one of the oldest languages in India. • Extensive research is needed to find out the lost scriptures of the language.
Government initiate’s scheme to protect Endangered Languages of India Union Government has initiated a Scheme known as “Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages of India”. It was announced by the Union Human Resource Development Minister, Smt. Smriti Irani in a written reply to the Lok Sabha question.
Key facts of the scheme • As part of this Scheme, all the mother tongues/languages of India spoken by less than 10,000 people will be considered in this scheme to protect, preserve and documented by the Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), Mysore. • Technology will play key role in the preservation of endangered languages and it will be an integral part of it. • Dictionaries and basic grammars in all the endangered languages/mother tongues are prepared in digital format. In addition, talking dictionaries in the endangered languages/mother tongues will be prepared with the help of technology. • The cultural and ethnolinguistic aspects of the languages/mother tongues and indigenous knowledge system of the communities will be videographed and stored electronically for archival and retrieval purposes. • A digital map with linguistic/cultural words with actual pronunciation for accounting variation in speech is also part of the scheme.
• The University Grants Commission (UGC) has also prepares guidelines in order to provide assistance for establishment of “Centre of Endangered Languages in Central Universities”. In this regard, UGC has accorded approval to 9 Central Universities to establish these centres and allocated Rs.50.00 crore.
REFERENCES • http://www.newsgram.com/5-indian-tribal- languages-staring-extinction • http://wordsinthebucket.com/indian-tribal- languages-1 • KARNATAKA CIIL to document 500 endangered languages • Government initiate’s scheme to protect Endangered Languages of India