PROFESSIONALISM NOTES 2.pptx

PROFESSIONALISM AND
TRENDS IN NURSING
By Diana Ngulat

INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will cover:
 Nursing as a profession and characteristics of a professional nurse,
 Historical background of nursing in the world and in Kenya.
 Scope of nursing practice
 Codes of ethics and its implication to nursing practice,
 Nursing Professional organizations locally, regionally and internationally,
 The legal aspects of nursing in kenya; laws of Kenya, NCK e.t.c
 Professionalism and accountability in nursing practice.

Specific Objectives
 Definition of terms; professionalism, professional nurse, nursing,.
 Nursing history in the world and in Kenya.
 Factors influencing nursing education and practice
 Scope of practice and emerging issues in nursing.

PROFESSION
 On completion of this programme, you will be expected to be proficient in
providing general nursing services.
 This section of unit one, aims at molding you to become a professional nurse. You
will at all times, whether on or off duty, be expected to display certain professional
characteristics. You will begin by defining a profession, a professional nurse and
professional nursing practice

DEFINITION
 Bailliere's Nurses dictionary defines a profession as a 'calling, vocation requiring
specialized knowledge, methods and skills, as well as preparation in an institution
of higher learning in the scholarly, scientific and historical principles underlying
such methods and skills'.
 The nursing profession is distinguished by its philosophy of care, full time
commitment to human well being, particular blend of knowledge and skills,
valuable service to the community and the regulation of its practice.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PROFESSION
 Has a theoretical body of knowledge and skills
 Encourages full time commitment to service, establishing standards of practice
which are maintained by all members
 Exercises self-discipline
 Is responsible for the advancement of the profession
 Develops its ethics to accommodate new demands and circumstances of
the profession
 Service to the society

CHARACTERISTICS OF PROFESSION
 Authority to control its own work
 Extensive period of formal training
 Specialised competence
 Control over work performance
 Self- regulation and self discipline
 Credentialing systems to certify competence
 Legal reinforcement of professional standards
 Ethical practice & protects the public

PROFESSIONAL NURSE
 A professional nurse is an individual who has successfully undergone a prescribed
nursing training programme, has passed a licensing examination and is registered
by the national nursing regulatory body, in our context the Nursing Council of
Kenya (NCK).

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROFESSIONAL
NURSE
 Displays high standards of performance and integrity in nursing practice
 Seeks constantly to improve her/his technical and interpersonal skills through
continuing education and research
 Uses sound judgment and discretion in dealing with patients/clients and their
relatives
 Provides holistic care to patients, family and community
 Deals competently with crisis situations
 Puts what is good for professional services to patients ahead of self-interest

CONT……
 Coordinates and evaluates nursing services in cooperation with members of
other health services (collaboration and networking)
 Is not overly concerned with the materialistic aspects of nursing
 Expects to find satisfaction and spiritual values in their work
 Feels responsible for the status of nursing and tries to advance and never to
retard it
 Has inner resources to which she/he can turn to, for renewal of faith and
courage when weary and discouraged
 Is proud of her/his profession and considers it to be at par with other
professions like medicine or law or any other vocation practiced for
compensation, which at the same time contributes in its own unique way to
the welfare of humanity

PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES OF A
PROFESSIONAL NURSE
 Good personal appearance with a voice that does not scare patients
 A ready smile, gentle hand, orderly in thought and action
 Emotionally mature, compassionate, dignified, tolerant, friendly,
empathetic and interested in other people
 Displays integrity, commitment and ethical behaviour.
 Displays intelligence, good judgement and handles emergencies
competently.
 Responsible in professional and social situations
 All characteristics are advantageous to the creation of a friendly and
conducive environment for the patient's recovery. As a nurse, you must
have serenity of mind and self-control to be able to handle a variety of
situations and patients.

PERSONAL GROOMING
 Personal grooming is very important to nurses. Remember, every patient has a
mental picture or image of how their nurse should be. The nurse's appearance
provides security and hope to a patient.
 A nurse's uniform should not be tight or very loose to hinder free movement
during an emergency. It must be very clean to prevent cross infection and is to be
well pressed. The dress or skirt should be below the knee cap to give allowance for
bending. The material should not be 'see-through'.
 Female nurses should avoid bright inner wear especially if their uniform is white.
The uniform should be well maintained, that is, fallen buttons or torn zippers
should be replaced, rips and tears mended and stains removed

CONT…….
 As you are aware, hair is a source of micro-organisms. Female nurses should tie
back long hair neatly. Male nurses should have their beards and moustaches neatly
shaven.
 Shoes should be low-heeled and soft to avoid making excessive noise, which may
disturb patients. The nurse should maintain daily care of shoes, socks or stockings
in order to prevent cross infection. Nails should be trimmed and colored nail polish
avoided. The freedom to wear jewelry, watches, pens, scissors or handkerchiefs will
depend on individual hospital regulations.
 Remember: The patients have a right to identify the nurse who is providing their
care. It is advisable therefore to wear an identification tag at all times showing full
names and qualifications

Definitions of Nursing
 The word nursing has its roots in Latin, which means to nurture or nourish. Nursing
as a science, an art and a profession is experiencing evolutional growth of its own;
time to time sociocultural changes have shaped the profession of nursing.
 Thoughts on the caring nature of nursing are reflected in many nursing leaders’
definitions of nursing.

Cont,
 Virginia Henderson 1960, defined nursing as “The unique Function of a nurse is to assist
an individual, sick or well in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its
recovery (or to peaceful death) that he will perform unaided, if he had the necessary
strength, will or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence
as rapidly as possible”
 Florence Nightingale 1859, defined nursing as “ Taking charge of the personal ‘health’ of
individuals and to ‘put’ the individual in the best possible state and allow nature to act upon
him”

Cont,
 The Royal Collage of Nursing(RCN) 2003, defined nursing as “ The use of clinical
judgement in the provision of care to enable people to improve, maintain or
recover health, to cope with health problems and to achieve the best possible
quality of life, whatever their disease or disability ,until death”
 “It is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health
problems” (ANA 1980).

Historical Background of Nursing
 Nursing has a history as long as that of human kind. Human beings have always
faced the challenge of fostering health and caring for the ill and dependent.
 Those who were especially skilled in this area stood out and, in some instances,
passed their skills along to others.

 Uprichard (1973) described the early history of nursing using three images: the folk
image, the religious image, and the renaissance image.

1.The Folk Image of Nursing:
The Nurse as Mother
The early development of nursing was rarely documented, The nurse was generally a
member of the family or, if not, then a member of the community who
demonstrated a special skill in caring for others.
 Nursing in this perspective was seen largely as a feminine role- an extension of
mothering. Indeed, the word nursing itself may have been derived from the same
root as the words nourish and nurture. This view of nursing was prevalent in the
earliest historical records and is still present in primitive cultures.

2.The Religious Image of Nursing:
The Nurse as God’s Worker
 In the Bible, a woman named Phoebe is identified as the first deaconess, a word
meaning servant or helper. A Deaconess cared for widows, orphans, and the sick.
 The Muslim religion has a similar tradition of service to others in the name of God.
Rofiada al Islamiah, one of the wives of Mohammed who cared for the sick and
injured, is considered the mother of nursing in the Mideastern Muslim countries

3. The Renaissance Image of Nursing:
The Nurse as Servant
 The Renaissance saw the decline of monastic orders and the rise in individualism
and materialism. There was a radical change from the image of the selfless nurse
that had developed in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages.
 Care of the ill was delegated to servants and those unable to find any other means
of support. The hospitals of this time were plagued by pestilence and filled with
death; those who worked in them were seen as corrupt and unsavory.

The Emergence of Modern Nursing
 As human needs expanded, nursing development broadened; its interest and
functions through the social climates created by religious ideologies, economic
development, industrial revolutions, wars, crusades, and education. In this way
modern nursing was born. The intellectual revolution of the 18th and 19th
centuries led to a scientific revolution.

Contributions of Florence Nightingale
 In the 19th century, Florence Nightingale changed the course of nursing
 Born to wealth and a family well placed in Victorian English Society,
 Had a firm belief in Christian ideals that made her abandon a life of luxury.
 She believed her true calling was to minister to the sick.
 As an intelligent and well educated woman, she recognized that optimum care of
the sick required education.

Florence Nightingale
 She persevered against family and social opposition and initiated personal study
and research into sanitation and health
 Nightingale’s success in her first post led Britain’s secretary of war to recruit her for
a far more arduous reorganization
 Britain was then engaged in a major war in the Crimea; reports were coming back
that more men died of wounds in the hospitals than on the battlefield. Funds were
raised and nurses recruited for Florence Nightingale’s Crimean campaign.

Cont’
 When she arrived at the front, Nightingale found that conditions in the military
hospitals were abominable. The absence of sewers and laundry facilities, the lack of
supplies, the poor food, and the disorganized medical services Basic Clinical
Nursing Skills contributed to a death rate of more than 50% among the wounded.
 Nightingale insisted on retaining control of all of her supplies, funds, and
personnel. Her efforts and those of her staff reduced the death rate among the
wounded to less than 3%. She eventually completely reformed the military’s
approach to the health care of the British soldier.

Contributions of Florence Nightingale
 Florence Nightingale carried out the organization of nursing work and training as a
result of her being a resourceful woman who had initiative and good administrative
ability.
 In 1859, Florence Nightingale advocated training schools should be funded and
supported by public funds. Although she thought the schools should be closely
associated with hospitals, she also believed that they should be administered
separately

Cont’
 The requirement to be considered for training as a nurse was that any woman
intending to take the training should be sober, honest and truthful.
 The training process consisted of how to manage helpless patients, make beds,
bandaging and how to make and record observations of sick patients.
 She also contributed to the definition of nursing “to put the patient in best
possible way for nature to act." Since her time modern nursing development has
rapidly occurred in many parts of the world

Historical Perspective in Africa-Kenya
 The Coming of Missionaries
 Missionaries from European countries came to Africa to evangelize and help African
people to overcome the problems they were facing.
 However, the missionaries realized that before evangelizing, they had to treat the
diseases that people were suffering from before the people could listen to the
gospel. During that time, it was also not easy to recruit Africans to be trained as
nurses or dressers. The missionaries therefore had to prescribe, give drugs and
dress wounds

Cont’
 The early training for African nurses was not systematic until around the 1920’s. It
was not organized as such, but it was carried out according to the needs of the
missions.
 Until then missionaries trained Africans to a multipurpose job so that they were
capable of prescribing treatment for the patients, in addition to nursing them.
 Around 1918, there existed the Colonial Nursing Association in Great Britain which
was responsible for the recruitment of nursing sisters who intended to come to
work in the colonies in Africa.

Cont’
 It was difficult to get Africans to be trained as nurses because of the beliefs and
superstitions of indigenous Kenyans.
 The missionaries also had new ways of treating diseases which was different from
theirs and therefore it was not easy to accept the new methods of treatment.
 The first people to join hospitals in order to be trained were men. Women were
not easy to get because they were discouraged by their parents. The men were
trained for medical and nursing work and also for evangelism.

Cont’
 By 1940, missionaries had established hospitals and dispensaries in various places.
 1903: The Friends (Quakers) Kaimosi Hospital.
 1908: Kikuyu Hospital by the Church of Scotland.
 1908: Maseno Hospital by the Church Missionary Society.
 1910: Tumutumu Hospital by the Church of Scotland.

Cont’
 1920:Medical Training Centre started as an army unit to train Nurses.
 1922:Chogoria Hospital by the Church of Scotland.
 1922: Machakos Dispensary by the African Inland Mission.
 1929: Maua Hospital by the Methodist Church.
 1940: Mathari Hospital, Nyeri by the Consolata Catholic Mission.

The Coming of Missionaries
 All these hospitals were managed by dressers. As years went by the training of
women was started. Women were not trained as dressers but as orderlies. They
were to assist the dressers. The dressers were taught to diagnose and treat
diseases.
 During the First World War, 1914 - 1918 dressers and doctors were all recruited to
go to the camps to take care of the sick and wounded soldiers.

The Coming of Missionaries
 1949:The Nursing Council was started to:
 Regulate Nurses Training.
 Set syllabus and give examinations before nurses could be enrolled.
 1952:First Kenya Registered Nurse Kenyan girl was admitted into formal
training at King George VI Hospital – the present Kenyatta National Hospital.
1956
 1956:Nairobi Hospital started training KRNS.
 1961:Agakhan Hospital Nairobi started KRN
 1965:Kenya Registered Midwifery started at MTC Nairobi. (Post Basic)
 1972:KRCHN – Kenya Registered Community Health Nursing (Post Basic)
started at MTC Nairobi


CONT….
 1979:Kenya Registered Psychiatric Nursing started at Mathari Hospital
Nairobi.
 1987:Kenya Registered Community Health Nursing (Basic) started at MTC
Mombasa.
 1988:KRCHN (Basic) started at MTC Nairobi.
 1994:KRCHN (Basic) started at MTC Embu.
 1995:KRCHN (Basic) started at MTC Nakuru.

HIGHER COURSES IN NURSING
 1968:Diploma in Advanced Nursing started at the University of Nairobi.
 1988:BScN Programme started at the University of East Africa- Baraton.
 2004 – MSc Nursing – University of Nairobi.
 2009 – PhD Nursing – University of Nairobi.

AREAS IN WHICH NURSES CAN SPECIALIZE
 Critical Care Nursing
 Pediatric Nursing
 Medical surgical nursing
 Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing
 Midwifery Nursing
 Nursing Education
 Nursing administration and management
 Nurse Anesthetist
 Ophthalmic Nursing

Factors Influencing current nursing
practice and education.
 Consumer demand, over time people have become more educated and have
more knowledge on health and illness and its importance, In addition they have
come to realization that health is their right and not a privilege for the rich. Interest
in health and nursing care services is therefore greater than never before.
 Information and telecommunication, with the advancement in technology,
doctors and nurses are no longer the sole providers of information, patients are
able to get information from the internet. However in some instances the internet
may give false information, nurse should therefore equip themselves with
knowledge to be a position to correct any misinformation.

Cont’
 Legislation, laws influencing nursing practice are outlined under Cap 257 of the
Kenyan constitution, it clearly stipulates the nursing practice.
 Demography, this is the study of population including statics about distribution by
age and place of residence, mortality and morbidity. From demographic data, the
needs of the population for nursing services can be assessed.
 Nursing associations, for example international council of nurses(ICN) and
national nursing association of Kenya( NNAK)
 Nursing unions, for example Royal Collage of Nurses(RCN) based in UK which acts
a professional organization and a trade union to champion for better pay and for
better working conditions for nurses.

Scope of nursing practice
 Nurses provide care to a number of different parties namely; individual patients,
families and communities as a whole. This nursing care usually involves a number
of the following areas;
Promoting health
prevention of illness, accidents and complications
Restoring health/ curative services
Care of the dying, rehabilitative services
Be involved in management/leadership roles

Scope of practice specifically for KRN
 Take charge of a unit or ward
 Apply principles of management in day to day activities
 Participate in decision making at the hospital level.
 Participate in clinical teaching and training of student nurses and other health care
personnel in the clinical area.
 Assess continuous professional development needs of staff in unit/ward.
 Participate in the management and improvement of quality of life of patients
suffering from terminal illness.
 Participate in research activities and implement recommendations from research
findings for improvement of care.

Functions and Roles of a Nurse
1. The helping role (care giver, colleague, client advocate)
2. Teaching – coaching function(teacher, counsellor)
3. Diagnostic and patient monitoring function
4. Effective management of rapidly changing situations (change agent, coordinator
5. Administration and monitoring of therapeutic interventions and regimens
6. Monitoring of and ensuring the quality of health care practices
7. Organizational and work role competencies

CODE OF ETHICS
Specific Objectives
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to;
i. Define code of ethics
ii. Describe (International Council of Nurses) ICN code of ethics, Kenyan nurses
code of ethics and professional code of ethics.
iii. Outline principles of biomedical ethics/ Ethical principles in Nursing.
iv. Describe decision making in ethical dilemmas appropriate for nursing practice.

CODE OF ETHICS
 Ethics are morals and philosophical principles that define actions as being either right or wrong.
 It is the standards that govern the conduct of a person especially a member of a profession.
 As a professional nurse you are expected to uphold and ethics as abide by the code of ethics.

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES
CODE OF ETHICS
The International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics was adopted in Mexico City in
1973. It states that the fundamental responsibility of the nurse is to promote health,
prevent illness, restore health and alleviate suffering. Moreover, the need for nursing is
universal. Inherent in nursing is respect for life, dignity and the rights of man.
 Nurses are to provide care to individuals regardless of nationality, race, creed, color,
age, sex, politics or social status. As a nurse you will be providing health care to the
individual, family and the community. You will be operating in teams, such as a
nursing team which is within a health team.
 The fundamental responsibility of the nurse is fourfold; to promote health, to
prevent illness, to restore health and to alleviate suffering.
 ICN code of ethics for nurses has 4 elements, these outline the standards
of ethical conduct.

Elements of the Code
1. Nurses and people
2. Nurses and practice
3. Nurses and the profession
4. Nurses and the co-workers

Nurses and the People
 The nurse’s primary responsibility is to those people who require nursing care.
 The nurse in providing care, promotes an environment in which the values, customs
and spiritual beliefs of the individual are respected.
 The nurse holds in confidence personal information and uses judgement in sharing
this information.

Nurses and Practice
 The nurse carries personal responsibility for nurse practice and for maintaining
competence by continual learning.
 The nurse maintains the highest standards of nursing care possible within the
reality of a specific situation.
 The nurse uses judgement in relation to individual competence when accepting
and delegating responsibilities.
 The nurse when acting in professional capacity should at all times maintain
standards of personal conduct, which reflect credit upon the profession.

Nurse and co-workers
 The nurse sustains a cooperative relationship with coworkers in nursing and other
fields.
 The nurse takes appropriate actions to safeguard the individual when their care is
endangered by a co-worker or any other person.
 The nurse takes appropriate action to support and guide co-workers to advance
ethical conduct.

Nurses and the profession
 The nurse plays the major role in determining and implementing desirable
standards of nursing practice and nursing education.
 The nurse is active in developing a core of professional knowledge.

CODE OF ETHICS APPLIED IN NURSING
1. The fundamental responsibility of the nurse is fourfold;
i. Alleviate suffering
ii. Prevent illness
iii. promote health
iv. Restore health
2. The profession recognizes that an international code cannot cover in detail all
the activities and relationships of nurses, some of which are conditioned by personal
philosophies and beliefs.

Code of Ethics as Applied to Nursing….
3. The nurse shall maintain at all times the highest standards of nursing care and of
professional conduct.
4. The nurse must not only be well prepared to practice but shall maintain knowledge
and skill at a consistently high level.
5. The religious beliefs of a patient shall be respected.
6. Nurses hold in confidence all personal information entrusted to them.

7. Nurses recognize not only the responsibilities but the limitations of their
professional functions, do not recommend or give medical treatment without medical
orders except in emergencies, and report such action to a physician as soon as
possible.
8. The nurse is under an obligation to carry out the physician’s orders intelligently and
loyally and to refuse to participate in unethical procedures

9. The nurse sustains confidence in the physician and other members of the health
team; incompetence or unethical conduct of associates should be exposed but only to
the proper authority.
10. The nurse is entitled to just remuneration and accepts only such compensation as
the contract, actual or implied, provides.
11. Nurses do not permit their names to be used in connection with the advertisement
of products or with any other forms of self-advertisement.

13. The nurse co-operates with and maintains harmonious relationships with
members of other professions and with nursing colleagues.
14.The nurse adheres to standards of personal ethics, which reflect credit upon the
profession.

14. In personal conduct, nurses should not knowingly disregard the accepted pattern
of behavior of the community in which they live and work.
15.The nurse participates and shares responsibilities with other citizens and other
health professions in promoting efforts to meet the health needs of the public - local,
state, national and international

Kenyan nurses code of ethics
 Contained in the code of ethics and professional conduct for nurses (March 2006)
by the Nursing Council of Kenya .
 Outlines the core ethical values and standards that govern the practice of nurses
 Highlights circumstances in which a nurse is liable to disciplinary action, penalty or
both.

Kenyan nurses code of ethics…
 Core ethical values for nurses
 Health and well-being
 Choice
 Dignity
 Confidentiality
 Fairness
 Accountability
 Create safe and conducive environment to ensure competent and ethical care

Kenyan nurses code of ethics…
 Ethical standards
 Discipline
 Intelligence
 Understanding
 Observant
 Trustworthy (honest, reliable, responsible)
 Tact
 Patience
 Efficiency

Ethical Principles in nursing
A principle is a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or
behavior or for a chain of reasoning.
These include the principles of:
• Autonomy
• Beneficence
• Non-maleficence
• Veracity
• Justice
 Sanctity of human life
 Confidentiality
 Respect for others

Principle of autonomy
 Refers to a persons freedom and right to choice
 Client is in-charge of their own destiny in matters of health and illness
 Right to take independent actions based upon own values and desires
 This principle can however be overridden if patient’s decision presents a threat to
general public for example a TB patient refusing to take medication.

Beneficience
 Do only good
 States that the actions one takes should promote good
 Taking positive steps to do good

The principle of non-maleficence
 Do no harm
 Avoidance of intentional harm on someone
 E.g. nurses can protect clients from incompetent practitioners

Veracity
 Veracity concerns truth telling and incorporates the concept that individuals should
always tell the truth.

The Principle of Justice
 Justice refers to fairness.
 Concerns the issue that persons should be treated equally and fairly.
 Give them what is due or owed, deserved or legitimately
claimed.

MAKING ETHICAL DECISIONS
 Nurses are often faced with dilemma as they go through their day to day provision of nursing care.
 Ethical dilemmas differ from problems. Problems can be solved whereas ethical dilemmas requires
a choice to be made. Responsible ethical reasoning is rational and systematic and should be based
on ethical principles and codes rather than on emotions, intuition, fixed policies or precedent( that
is earlier similar occurrence).
 A good decision is one that is in the patient’s best interest and a the same time preserves the
integrity of all involved.

Making Ethical Decisions
 Nurses have ethical obligations to their patients, employers and to other health
care professionals. Thus, nurses must weigh competing factors when making
ethical decisions.
 Ethical dilemmas is stressful for a nurse ecspecially when patient’s best interest is
contrary to the nurses’ personal belief system.

Specific ethical Issues
Includes but not limited to;
Euthanasia, ‘mercy killing’ refers to bringing to an end of life in patient’s with terminal
illness, may be active or passive, active euthanasia is giving patients a means to kill
them for example giving lethal medication while passive is withdrawal of means of life
support such as swithing off a ventilator in ICU.
Organ transplantation, ethical issues may include allocation of organs, selling of
body parts, involvement of children as potential donors and consent. In some some
situations a person religious beliefs may bring about conflict.

Strategies to Enhance Ethical Decisions
and Practice
1. Become aware of your own values and ethical aspects of nursing.
2. Be familiar with nurses codes of ethics
3. Respect the values, opinions and responsibilities of other health care
professionals that may be different from your own.
4. Strive poor collaborative practice in which nurses function effectively in
cooperation with other health care professionals.

Objectives
Acquire Knowledge of Nursing Professional
Organizations and how they contribute
towards improvement of the Profession and
the professionals

INTRODUCTION
Nurses in Kenya just like any other
country in the world are members
of professional organisations at
national, regional and global
levels.

THE ORGANISATIONS
1. National Nurses Association of
Kenya (NNAK),
2. East Central Southern Africa College
of Nursing (ECSACON)
3. International Council of Nurses
(ICN).

THE NATIONAL NURSES ASSOCIAION
OF KENYA (NNAK)
It is a professional association for
nurses and is registered by the
Registrar of Societies as a welfare
association. It has branches in all
provinces

MEMBERSHIP OF NNAK
The membership is open to all nurses
who are either registered or enrolled
by the Nursing Council of Kenya.
Student nurses can join as associate
members.

TYPES OF MEMBERSHIP
1. Life membership
2. The ordinary membership

Has Branches in all Provinces
Members in each branch elect a branch
chairman, secretary and treasurer.
*In turn members elect national office
bearers every two years, that is:
National Chairman,
Vice chairman,
Secretary,
Treasurer,
Organising Secretary
and their vices.

ASSOCIATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Comprises :
 National office bearers
 Branch chairmen.
*Various nursing disciplines are
represented as chapters for example:-
Midwives, operating theatre nurses,
educationists, Critical care nurses private
practice nurses .

NNAK- RELATIONSHIPS
NNAK is a member of :
*East Central Southern Africa College of Nursing
(ECSACON) - offices in Arusha, Tanzania,
* International Council of Nurses (ICN) offices in
Geneva
*the Association of Professional Societies of East Africa
(APSEA).

NNAK other Collaborators
NNAK also collaborates with other professional bodies eg.
▪Royal Colleges of Nurses,
▪ Royal College of Midwives,
▪ the Canadian Nurses Association,
▪ American Nurses Association,
▪ Kenya Medical Association (KMA)
▪ the association of Kenya Obstetricians/Gynaecologists (KOGS)
and other health organisations.

FUNCTIONS OF THE NNAK
1.Promoting nursing and maintaining the honour, interest and practice of all the
aspects of the professional as a whole.
2. Promoting and maintaining high standards of nursing education.
3. Stimulating and encouraging nursing research
4. Promoting the co-operation between this body and other National and International
professional bodies.

Functions of NNAK cont..
5.Promoting good understanding between the Association, both the
central and local governments and all communities.
6. Acts as a local representative body of the nursing profession in
whatever circumstances that may arise.

7. Supporting a high standard of nursing ethics, conduct and practice, regardless of
race, creed, politics, sex or social status.
8. Assisting whenever possible members who by reason of adversity or ill health are in
need of help.

9.Arranging and holding periodic meetings of the Association for professional,
educational and social purposes.
10.Circulating such information as may be thought necessary by means of a journal,
bulletin or any other method.

11.Maintaining an up to date list of all members
12. Performing all such other lawful things as may from time to time be conducive to
the attainment of furtherance of the above functions. Eg fund raising

The NNAK functions are executed through
chapters and committees.
The chapters include:-
1. Midwives
2. Education
3. Theatre Nurses
4. Mental Health and Psychiatric Nurses
5. General Nurses
6. Private Nurses Practitioners
7. Paediatric nurses

NNAK National Executive Committee
A Large committee comprising the
 The National Chairman,
 Two vice chairmen
 Secretary
 Treasurer
 Organising secretary and the Editor.

NNAK National Executive Committee
Other members
 Branch chairmen
 Chairmen of chapters
 Division of Nursing (MOH)
 Nursing Council of Kenya

THE DIVISION OF NURSING
On behalf of the Ministry of health
 Deals with employment issues for
nurses
 Sponsorship for higher education
 provides working facilities for nurses,
technical know how and supervision

THE EAST CENTRAL
SOUTHERN AFRICA COLLEGE
OF NURSING (ECSACON).

ECSACON
A professional agency of the
Commonwealth Regional
Health Community (CRHC)

ECSACON cont….
 ECSACON is a corporate body of nurses and midwives of member states
comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia,
Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe and any
other states that will seek membership of CRHC for East Central Southern Africa
(ECSA) region.

ECSACON- OBJECTIVES
Its main objective is to promote
and strengthen professional
excellence through development
of educational programmes
,Seminars, etc

ECSACON cont…
These will in turn strengthen nursing and
midwifery practice, education, research,
leadership and management to improve
service delivery and uplift the quality of
health of the communities in the ECSA
region

MEMBERSHIP OF ECSACON
1. Individual nurse/midwife
2. Professional organisation such as:
National Nurse/midwifery
Association (NNAS/NMAS)
National Nursing councils (NNCS)

Benefits of Membership to ECSACON
 The first benefit is knowledge. This knowledge is obtained through the many
activities ECSACON conducts, such as quadrennial conferences where nurses
from member countries meet and share research finding on topics of
national interests in health. They exchange information on various topical
issues on nursing, midwifery and health, mapping the way forward for
excellence in nursing/midwifery, education and practice.
 Interacting with nurses from the region is a benefit on its own. Apart from
this, ECSACON has conducted many projects, for example, on research,
leadership and management, advocacy and so on.
 Members are also provided with reading materials through the CNR or
Nursing Council.

PROFESSIONALISM NOTES 2.pptx

PROFESSIONALISM NOTES 2.pptx

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