The document discusses processors, including their key characteristics and technologies. It describes: - Processors can be 32-bit or 64-bit, with 64-bit processors now commonly used in home computers. - Key processor characteristics that impact performance include clock speed, cache size, number of cores, and technologies like hyperthreading and turbo boosting. - Popular processor manufacturers include Intel and AMD. GPU manufacturers include AMD and Nvidia. APUs integrate both CPU and GPU functions. - Factors like power usage, graphics capability, and overclocking potential are denoted in processor model names/numbers. Understanding these specifications helps determine the best processor.

1. Processors with
Advanced Technologies

2.  The processor (short form
for microprocessor and also
often called the CPU or central
processing unit) is the central
component of the PC.

3.  It is the brain, that runs
the show inside the PC. All
work that you do on your
computer is performed
directly or indirectly by the
processor.

4. Functioning of a Processor

5. Is a processor 32-bit or 64-bit
?
 The varients of processors are 32-
bit and 64- bit processors.
 The 32-bit processors are initially
used upto 1990’s.
 The 64-bit computer has been
around since 1961 when IBM
created the IBM 7030 Stretch
supercomputer.
 However, it was not put into use in
home computers until the early

6. Processor : 32-bit or 64-bit

7. Most Popular Processor
Manufacturer Brands……

8. Processor Characteristics
 Clock speed
 Host-bus speed
 Cache Size
 Socket Type

9. Clock Speed
 The clock speed of a processor, which
is specified in megahertz (MHz) or
gigahertz (GHz), determines its
performance.
 But, only clock speeds are meaningless,
when you specify the
speed of the processor.

10. Examples
 A 3.2 GHz Prescott-core Pentium 4 is
about 6.7% faster than a 3.0 GHz
Prescott-core Pentium 4, as the relative
clock speeds would suggest.
 However, a 3.0 GHz Celeron processor
is slower than a 2.8 GHz Pentium 4.

11. Host-bus Speed
 The host-bus speed, also called
the front-side bus speed, FSB speed, or
simply FSB..
 It specifies the data transfer rate
between the processor and the RAM.
 A faster host-bus speed is a numerical
value,that contributes to higher
processor performance, even for
processors running at the same clock

12. Cache Size
 Processors use different levels of
cache memory to improve
performance by buffering transfers
between the processor and
 L1 Cache ( Layer 1) : 2KB-64KB
 L2 Cache ( Layer 2) : 256KB-512KB
 L3 Cache ( Layer 3) : 1MB-8MB

13. Socket Type
 Socket type defines the structure that
the processor resides on it.
 For example, if you are replacing the
processor in a Socket 478
motherboard,you must choose a
replacement processor that is designed
to fit that socket.
 intel Celeron D, Pentium4
are fit to Socket 478.

15. How many cores a Processor
have?
 Single Core
 Dual Core
 Quad Core
 Hexa Core
 Octa Core

16. Examples
 Single Core :
- AMD Athlon 64 FX-55, intel core Solo,intel Core duo
 Dual Core :
- AMD A4-3300,intel i series lower gen Processors
 Quad Core :
- AMD ,intel i series advanced Gen.
 Hexa Core :
- AMD Phenom,intel Adavanced Gen.
 Octa Core :
- Advanced intel Core Processors

17. Processor Technologies
 Hyper threading
 Turbo Boosting
 Cache Size
 GPU
 APU

18. What is Hyper threading ?
 Hyper-threading allows a single physical
core to act as two virtual cores.
 Thus it enables performing multiple
tasks simultaneously without activating
the second physical core (which would
require more power from the system).
 Example : i7 > i3 > i5

19. What is Turbo Boosting ?
 Turbo Boost is Intel’s proprietary
technology to intelligently increase a
processor’s clock speed if the
application demands it.
 For example, if you are playing a game
and your system requires some extra
horsepower, Turbo Boost will kick in to
compensate.
 Example : i7 > i5

20. What is Cache Size ?
 Cache is the processor’s own memory
and acts like its private RAM
 Example : i7 > i5 > i3
Processor Model
Cache Size
(Minimum)
Cache Size
(Maximum)
i3 3 MB
i5
3 MB
6 MB
i7 4 MB 8 MB

21. What is GPU ?
 GPU stands for Graphics Processing
Unit
 Nvidia introduced the first GPU, the
GeForce 256, in 1999 and remains one
of the major players in the market.
 The other popular GPU manufacturing
Company is the AMD

22. Most Popular GPU
Processors
 AMD
 NVIDIA

23. What is APU ?
 APU stands for Accelerating
Processing Unit.
 APU Architecture integrates both
CPU and GPU units.
 APU is a technology is introduced by
the AMD
 Example : AMD Shared
Graphics,Intel Shared Graphics units.

24. How to identify the difference
between the processors ?

25. Notations
 U : Ultra Low Power. The U rating is only for laptop processors.
 Y : Low Power. Typically found on older generation laptop and
mobile processors.
 T : Power Optimized for desktop processors.
 Q : Quad-Core. The Q rating is only for processors with four
physical cores.
 H : High-Performance Graphics. The chipset has one of Intel’s
better graphics units in it.
 K : Unlocked. This means you can overclock the processor above its
rating.

26. Which processor is best for
you ?

27. Most Popular GPU
Processors
 AMD
 NVIDIA

28. Questions ?

29. Thank you.
Prepared by
Ch. Gopikrishna