This document discusses problem solving as an instructional method where teachers and students work together to find solutions to educational problems. It defines problem solving as a systematic process of defining problems, gathering information, organizing data, drawing conclusions, and testing solutions. The key steps of problem solving are clarifying the problem, brainstorming ideas, planning a solution, trying the plan, and evaluating if it solves the problem. Problem solving is useful in nursing education as it helps students develop critical thinking and the ability to analyze problems and find appropriate solutions in clinical settings.

1. PROBLEM SOLVING
01/08/17
Presented by:
Jalpa G Patel
F.Y.M.Sc Nurs
1
ing
METHOD
Problem solving

2. INTRODUCTION
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• Problem solving is an instructional method
or technique where by the teacher and
pupils attempt in a conscious, planned and
purposeful effort to arrive of some
explanation or solution to some
educationally significant difficulty for the
purpose of finding a solution.

3. Students are presented
which require them to
with problems
find either a
scientific or technological solution.
It is a student-centered strategy which
require students to become active
participants in the learning process.
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4. What is problem-solving?
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5.  Problem solving is a teaching
strategy that employs the
scientific method in searching for
information.
Problem solving: arrivingat
decisions based prior knowledge
and reasoning.
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6. • DEFINITION
• A systematic approach to defining the
problem and creating a vast number of
possible solutions without judging these
solution.
• “Problem solving is a cognitive processing
directed at achieving a goal where no
solution method is obvious to the problem
solver”.
• Yokam & Simpson define it as “A problem
occurs in a situation in which a felt difficulty
to act is realized. It is a difficult to clearly
present and recognized by thinker”
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7. • According to Gates “ A problem exists for an
individual when he has a definite goal he
can not reach by the behaviour pattern
which he already has available”
• According to skinner, Problem solving is a
process of overcoming difficulties that
appears to interfere. In a problem solving
the entire subject matter is organized in
such a manner that it can be dealt with
through the problems identified during the
study.
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8. SKINNER
• The problem solving
is a process of
overcoming
difficulties that
appears to interfere
with the attainment
of goal. It is a
procedure of making
adjustment in spite o
interferences.
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Problem solving

9. • PURPOSE
• Train the students in the act of
reasoning.
• Gain and improve the knowledge
• Solve puzzling question
• Overcome the obstacles in the
attainment of objectives.
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10. STEPS OF PROBLEM SOLVING
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11. 1. Formation and appreciation of problem
The nature of the problem should be made
very clear to the students so that they can
understand the actual solution for the
problem.
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12. 2. Collection of relevant data and
information
• The students should be stimulated to
collect data in a systematic manner full co-
operation of the students should be
secured. The teacher may suggest many
points to them. Like extra books for read,
organise a few educational trips together
the relevant information.
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13. 3. Organization of data
• The students should be asked to sift the
relevant material from the superficial one
put in a scientific way.
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14. 4. Drawing of conclusion
• After the organizing data discussions
should be arranged collectively and
individual with each student so that
essential thing is done by the students
themselves and that their educative
process provides the particular solutions.
“Care should be taken that judgement is
made only when sufficient data is
collected.”
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15. 5. Testing conclusion
• No conclusion should be accepted without
being properly verified. The corrections of
the conclusion must be proved.
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16. Problem solving
Problem-solving Skills
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17. Clarify what the
problem is about
Brainstorm
out ideas
Plan out what
you are going to do
Try out
your plan
Does it solve
the problem?
Clarify what the
problem is about
YES
NO
Try another
plan
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18. ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE
PROBLEM
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• The problem should be meaningful,
interesting, and worthwhile for children.
• It should have some correlation with life.
• It should have some correlation with other
subjects if possible.
• It should arise out of the real needs of the
students.

19. • The problem should be clearly defined.
• The solution of problem should be
found out by the student themselves
working under the guidance and
supervision of the teacher.
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20. MAJOR APPROACHES IN THE
PROBLEM SOLVING
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21. TEACHER ROLE IN PROBLEM
SOLVING
• The students to define the problem clearly.
Got them to make many suggestions by
encouraging them:
• To analyse the situation in parts
• To recall previously known similar cases
and general rules that apply
• To guess courageously and formulate
guesses clearly.
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22. Get them to evaluate each suggestion
carefully by encouraging them:
• To maintain a state of doubt or suspended
conclusion
• To criticize the suggestion by appeal to
know facts , minister and experiment
Get them to organize the material by
proceeding:
• To build on outline on the board
• To use diagrams and graphs
• To formulate concise statement of the net
out come of discussion
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23. • “A teacher who has a ability to see problem
clearly, the power of analyse with a keen
observation and the faculty to synthesize
and draw conclusion with an uncanny
accuracy.”
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24. USES OF PROBLEM SOLVING IN
NURSING
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• Develop ability to analyse the problem and
to take proper judgement/solution in the
critical condition that encounter in the
clinical setting.
• Problem solving method also helps the
students to solve this problem in real life
situation without much stress.

25. • It helps the student to solve the similar
problem in future with confidence.
• It develops critical thinking of pupil.
• In the class/group it will develop mutual
understanding among the group members.
• It helps the care giver/nurse to develop a
skill to help the pt.
• Develop ability in nurse to select the
problem solving strategy according to pt’s
abilities and life style
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26. ADVANTAGES
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27. 1.This approach is most effective in
developing skill in employing the
science processes.
2.The scientific method can likewise
be used effectively in other non-
science subjects. It is a general
procedure in finding solutions to
daily occurrences that urgently
need to be addressed.
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28. 3.The student’s active involvement
resulting in meaningful experiences
serves as a strong motivation to follow
the scientific procedure in future
undertakings.
4.Problem-solving develops higher level
thinking skills.
5.A keen sense of responsibility,
originality and resourcefulness are
developed, which are much-needed
ingredients for independent study.
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29. 6. The students become appreciative
and grateful for the achievement of
scientists.
7.Critical thinking, open-mindedness
and wise judgment are among
scientific attitudes and values
inculcated through competence in
the scientific method.
8.The students learn to accept the
opinions and evidence shared by
others.
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30. Disadvantages :
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• Generally speaking problem – solving
involves mental activity only.
• Small children do not posses
sufficient background information &
therefore they fail to participation in
discussion.
• Students may not have adequate
reference and sources books.

31.  It involves lot of times.
It need very capable teacher to
provide effective guidance and
knowledge to students.
It is a time consuming process, teacher
may find it difficult to complete the
syllabus
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32. Problem solving
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