Skip to main content
UploadLanguage (EN)Support
BusinessMobileSocial MediaMarketingTechnologyArt & PhotosCareerDesignEducationPresentations & Public SpeakingGovernment & NonprofitHealthcareInternetLawLeadership & ManagementAutomotiveEngineeringSoftwareRecruiting & HRRetailSalesServicesScienceSmall Business & EntrepreneurshipFoodEnvironmentEconomy & FinanceData & AnalyticsInvestor RelationsSportsSpiritualNews & PoliticsTravelSelf ImprovementReal EstateEntertainment & HumorHealth & MedicineDevices & HardwareLifestyle
KM
Uploaded byKunal Modak
PPTX, PDF1,372 views

Primary Health Care

The document discusses the history and principles of primary health care (PHC) in India. Key points include that PHC began in India in 1946 and aims to provide universal and equitable access to basic health services. PHC is focused on health promotion, prevention, and treatment of common illnesses and injuries. It also emphasizes community participation and multisectoral coordination. The document outlines the services provided by PHC in India and challenges faced in implementing the PHC strategy.

Health & Medicine◦
Downloaded 23 times
FRAMEWORK  Concept & importance of Primary Health Care  Brief History Of Primary Health Care in India  Evolution of PHC in India  Current Structure of PHC  Services Provided Through PHC
INTRODUCTION  Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely absence of disease or infirmity.  What does health for all means? • “Large numbers of the world’s people, perhaps more than half, have no access to health care at all, and for many of the rest the care they receive does not answer the problems they have.”
WHAT IS PRIMARY HEALTH CARE  PHC is essential health care that is a socially appropriate, universally accessible, scientifically sound first level care provided by a suitably trained workforce supported by integrated referral systems and in a way that gives priority to those most in need, maximises community and individual self- reliance and participation and involves collaboration with other sectors.  It includes the following:  health promotion  illness prevention  care of the sick  advocacy  community development
HISTORY  1946 – Bhore Committee- put forward concept of Primary Health Care.  1974- Integrated cadre of MPWs.  In 1977, GoI launched a Rural Health Scheame. based on principle of ‘ placing people’s health in people’s hand.’ ( Recommendation of Shrivastava Committee 1975)  1978 – Alma Ata Decleration-Health for All through Primary Health Care.
The Joint WHO – UNICEF international conference in 1978 at Alma-Ata (USSR) Declared that “the existing gross inequalities in the status of health of people particularly between developed and developing countries as well as within the countries is politically, socially and economically unacceptable.”
POPULATIONNORMSFOR PHC  Bhore Committee – PHC/ 10- 20,000 population.  Mudaliar Committee (1962) – PHC/ 40,000 population.  ByFifth Plan (1975-80) – PHCwascatering health needsof 1,00,000 population.  Alma Ata – New philosophy of Primary Health Care  1983- National Health Plan – PHC/ 30,000 in plain areas & per 20,000 in hilly region.
CURRENT STATUS OF PHC TheUltimateGoal of PHC 1. Reducingexclusion& social disparities in health. ( Universal Health Coverage Reform) 2. Organizing health services around people’s needs. ( Service delivery reforms) 3. Integrated health in to all sectors( Public Policy Reforms) 4. Pursuingcollaborative modelsof policy dialogue ( Leadership reform) 5. Increasing stakeholder participation
SERVICESPROVIDEDTHROUGH PHC Services Provided From PHC Provision of Essential Drugs Health Education Food Supply & Nutrition Safe water & Sanitation Mother & Child Health & Family Welfare Immunization Prevention & Control Of Diseases Appropriate Treatment of Common Diseases & Injuries
SPECTRUM OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Preventive Promotive Curative Rehabilitative Supportive
THE 30TH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY IN MAY 1977 RESOLVED  The main social target of governments and WHO in the coming decades should be the attainment by all citizens of the world by the year 2000 AD of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life.’’ HEALTH FOR ALL BY 2000 AD
Principles of primary health care Equitable distribution Community participation. Inter- sectoral coordination Appropriate technology
PRINCIPLES OF PHC PHC is:  Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that community and the country can afford … (Alma-Ata, 1978)
CONTINUED…. • PHC based on the following principles : – Social equity – Nation-wide coverage – Self-reliance – Inter-sectoral coordination – People’s involvement in the planning and implementation of health programs
CORE ACTIVES OF PHC  Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them  Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition  An adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation  Maternal and child health care, including family planning  Immunization against the  Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases  Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries  Basic laboratory services and provision of essential drugs.  Training of health guides, health workers and health assistants.  Referral services
WHO STRATEGIES OF PHC 1. Reducing excess mortality of poor marginalized populations: PHC must ensure access to health services for the most disadvantaged populations, and focus on interventions which will directly impact on the major causes of mortality, morbidity and disability for those populations. 2. Reducing the leading risk factors to human health: PHC, through its preventative and health promotion roles, must address those known risk factors, which are the major determinants of health outcomes for local populations.
CONTINUED…. 3. Developing Sustainable Health Systems: PHC as a component of health systems must develop in ways, which are financially sustainable, supported by political leaders, and supported by the populations served. 4. Developing an enabling policy and institutional environment: PHC policy must be integrated with other policy domains, and play its part in the pursuit of wider social, economic, environmental and development policy.
THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR SOUND PHC (THE 8 A’S AND THE 3 C’S)  Appropriateness  Availability  Adequacy  Accessibility  Acceptability  Affordability  Assessability  Accountability  Completeness  Comprehensiveness  Continuity
MAINNATIONAL HEALTHPROGRAMMES THROUGHPHC ☼ RNTCP ☼ National Programmefor blindness (NPCB) ☼ National Leprosy Elimination Programme (NLEP) ☼ NVBDCP ☼ National AIDSControl Programme (NACP) ☼ National Program for Prevention & Control of Cancer,Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases& Stroke ☼ National Program ForHealth Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) ☼ Programmesfor Iodine Deficiency,Tobacco Control
OBSTACLES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PHC STRATEGY  Misinterpretation of the PHC concept  Lack of political will  Centralized planning and management
OBSTACLES TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PHC STRATEGY ☼ Misinterpretation of the PHC concept ☼ Lack of political will ☼ Centralized planning and management ☼ Infrastructure for rising population Size& diversity ☼ Rapid urbanization ☼ Changing demographic profile –Ageing population ☼ Triple burden of diseases ☼ Manpower crisis ☼ Quality care & client satisfaction ☼ Quality research in PHC
SUMMARY Primary care is an approach that:  Focuses on the person not the disease, considers all determinants of health  Integrates care when there is more than one problem  Uses resources to narrow differences
Primary Health Care