3
Overview of IndianOil
A diversified integrated energy major with strong footprint in the entire hydrocarbon value chain
One of Asia’s largest Oil & Gas R&D with focus on Lubricant Development,
Refining Technology, Fuel & Biofuel Technology, Petrochemicals, among
others.
Alternate energy programs - Bio, solar, Hydrogen energy, CNG, Green
Hydrogen, Hydrogen fuel cells, battery technologies
Focus on Nanotechnology
R&D
Exploration Refining Pipeline Petrochemicals Marketing Gas Alternative
Energy
Accounts for nearly half of India’s petroleum product market share. Ranks 116 on Fortune’s 'Global 500'
Contribution to the Nation
• 32 % - National Refining Capacity
• 71 % - Downstream Pipeline Network
• Largest Marketing Infrastructure in India
4.
SERVO – LeadingLubricant Brand
Infrastructure
• 450+ world class engineers
• Base Oil Refineries | Gr I / II / III
• Partnership with market leaders for additives
• 10 Lube Oil Blending Plants
Market Reach
• 421 Channel Partners
• 38000+ Retail Outlets
• 27% mkt share in finished lubes and 41% in
NOCs
Product
Development
• Asia’s premier R&D center
• 2000 Formulations
• 550 Commercialized grades
• 1000 + SKUs
Exports
• Exports to 39 countries
• 44 Overseas Lube distributors
• 4 Blending plants (LIOC + IOC ME)
Approvals • Leading auto & industrial OEMs
India’s No 1 lube marketer
52 years of SERVO
Presence in every segment
Biggest lube infrastructure
Largest product portfolio
VISION 2030-31:
• Double the Market Share
• Triple the revenue
• Triple the volume
Lubricants
Lubricating Oil =Base Oil (85%) + Additive (15%)
◦ Base Oil –
◦ Mineral - Obtained by refining petroleum crude and further processing it
◦ Synthetic - Chemical synthesis of Molecules
◦ Additive – To enhance various desirable properties of base oil.
Lubricating Grease = Base Oil + Additive + Thickener
◦ Thickener – Soap/ Non-soap/ Organic/ Inorganic molecule that can hold oil.
Hydrofinishing
Dewaxing
Purification
Simplified Base OilManufacturing
Process
Vacuum
Distillation
process
From ADU
Group III
Base Oil
or
Solvent
Extraction
Hydrocracking
or
or
Catalytic
Dewaxing
Solvent
Dewaxing
Wax
Hydroisomerisation
Group II
Base Oil
Group I
Base Oil
11.
Lube Blending :Process & Complexities
• 12 indigenous & 12 imported grades
• 2 G2G Tie up – Adnoc & Aramco
• 60 TMT Import in 20-21 : 250 Cr.
• Own Base Oil production – Haldia and CPCL
• Upcoming Base Oil facility – Panipat &
Koyali
Base
Oils
• 700 variety of chemicals
• 150 vendors
• Rs. 700 Cr worth procurement
• 150 Tenders : LT & PT
Additives
• 60 sizes - 20 ml to 210 L Brls
• 80 vendors for labels, Containers, Cartons,
Caps, Lids - MSME
• Rs. 400 Cr worth procurement
• 50 Tenders – Public
Packaging
Materials
SERVO GRADES NOMENCLATURE
Typeof Oil Grade
Hydraulic Oils Servosystem, Servosystem HLP, Servosystem HLP XL, Servosystem XLP, Servohyvis, Servohydrex, etc.
Gear Oils Servomesh SP, Servomesh XP, Servosyngear, Servo Gear, Servo Gear Axle, Servo Synchro, etc.
Compressor Oils Servopress, Servofriz, Servosynco, etc.
Cutting Oils / Machine Tool Servocut, Servosynthcut, etc. / Servoway
Automotive Engine Oils Servo Pride, Servo Premium, Servo Ultra, Servo Superior, Servo XEE, Servo Futura, Servo 4T, Servo Scootomatic, etc.
Greases Servogem, Servogrease, Servoplex, etc.
Radiator Coolant / Brake Fluid Servokool / Servo Brake
Servo Grades have been named in a manner which helps in ease of identification.
Example – SERVOSYSTEM HLP 68
Nomenclature is as follows – SERVO (BRAND NAME) SYSTEM (APPLICATION IDENTIFIER) HLP (KEY PERFORMANCE STANDARD) 68 (KEY
VISCOMETRIC)
There will be a space between SERVO and APPLICATION IDENTIFIER for Automotive grades; There will be no space between SERVO
and APPLICATION IDENTIFIER.
16.
Functions of Lubricants
Reducefriction between moving parts
Reduce wear & tear
Sealant
Prevent rust & corrosion
Coolant
Cleansing
Disperse contaminants to avoid deposits
Force Transmission
Insulation
What Are
Lubrication
Regimes?
Lubrication regimesdescribe
the interaction between
surfaces in relative motion
and the lubricant film
between them.
They are determined by
operating conditions such as
speed, load, and viscosity.
VARIOUS LUBRICATION REGIMES
BOUNDARYREGIME
Lubricant film is too thin;
surface asperities make
contact.
Occurs at low speed, high
load, or during start-
up/shut-down.
Protected by anti-wear (AW)
and extreme pressure (EP)
additives.
MIXED REGIME
Partial film formation; both
asperity contact and fluid
film exist.
Transition phase between
boundary and full-film
lubrication.
Common in real-world
machine operation.
HYDRODYNAMIC REGIME
Full fluid film separates
surfaces completely.
Occurs at high speed,
moderate load, and proper
viscosity.
Very low friction and wear.
ELASTO-HYDRODYNAMIC
REGIME
•Occurs in highly loaded, non-
conformal contacts (e.g., rolling
bearings, gears).
•Elastic Deformation: Under high
contact pressures, the contacting
surfaces deform elastically,
increasing the contact area and
allowing a lubricant film to form.
•Viscosity Increase: The lubricant's
viscosity increases significantly
under pressure, enhancing its load-
carrying capacity.
Conclusion
• An importantDesign
criterion that helps in
identifying the right
lubricant.
• Most equipment
operates through
multiple regimes during
normal operation.
Industrial Gear OilSpecifications
Standard Organization Description
DIN 51517 Part 3 (CLP) DIN (Germany)
Covers EP gear oils for industrial gears under high
load.
ISO 12925-1 ISO
Specifies requirements for industrial gear oils,
including both mineral and synthetic types.
AGMA 9005 AGMA (USA)
Covers EP gear lubricants for enclosed gear drives;
includes viscosity grades and performance.
FZG Test Various
A gear rig test used in many standards to evaluate
load-carrying capacity.
OEM Specifications
Flender, Siemens, David
Brown, etc.
Gearbox manufacturers often issue their own oil
approval lists.
36.
Industrial Compressor OilSpecifications
Standard/Property Organization Description
ISO 6743-3 (DA, DAB, DAG, etc.) ISO Classifies compressor oils by type and application
Type of Fluid being compressed -
Chemistry of the oil changes to ensure
compatibility with the fluid
Low Temperature (Floc Point) -
For refrigeration compressors, floc point is an
important property which governs the
compatibility of fluid with refrigeration gases.
Compressor Conditions -
Based on the temperature, compressor oil is
tailored to suit the application.
High Temperature – Semi-synthetic to Synthetic
Moisture Ingress – Special compressor oils
37.
Turbine Oil &Governor Fluid
Specifications
Standard / Specification Issuer Description
ISO 8068 ISO
Classifies turbine oils by type (TSA, TGA, TGB,
etc.), with and without anti-wear or EP additives.
DIN 51515 (Part 1 & 2) DIN Widely used in Europe
Gearless Turbines -
Requires Ashless (Zn free) Turbine Oils to ensure
bearing lubrication in narrow clearances
Geared Turbines -
Required AW and EP additives to ensure
lubrication of both Turbine Bearings and Gears
Latest Generation Oils
OE Specs - MHI CL 005, GEK,
TLV, JISK, etc.
Very Long Life Oil (for gearless turbines) with very
low sludge formation tendencies.
Fire Resistant Fluids
(ST22007, TLV9012,
IS7895)
BHEL, Siemens, BIS
Used for Governor Systems with Turbine power
production exceeding 250 MW. Also used in
Nuclear Power Plants.
38.
Transformer Oil Specifications
StandardType of Oil Key Feature
IS 335 Type II Uninhibited mineral oil Most common, general purpose
IS 335 Type I Inhibited mineral oil
Extended life, higher oxidation
resistance
IS 16081 Natural ester (bio-oil) Eco-friendly, high flash point
IEC 60296
Covers uninhibited and inhibited
mineral oils for electrical
equipment
IEC 836 / ASTM D4652 Silicone Based Transformer Oils
39.
PARAFFINIC
• SERVO RUBBESS
SERIES
•ASTM 104 TYPE
• LOWER SOLUBILITY
• BUTYL, ETHYLENE-
PROPYLENE
RUBBERS
• AUTOMOTIVE
TUBES
NAPHTHENIC
• SERVO RUBBER
SERIES
• ASTM 103 TYPE
• NON-STAINING
• GOOD SOLUBILITY
• AUTOMOTIVE
TYRES,
AUTOMOTIVE
TUBES, OTHER
MOULDED RUBBER
GOODS
AROMATIC
• IOC PROCESS OIL
MEDIUM
• ASTM 101 TYPE
• HIGH SOLUBILITY
• AUTOMOTIVE
TYRES, TREAD
RUBBER, DARK
COLOURED RUBBER
GOODS (BATTERY
CASINGS, ETC.)
REACH
COMPLIANT
• SERVO RUBBER EF-4
• LOW PAH OIL AS
PER REACH
COMPLIANCE
• HIGH SOLUBILITY
• AUTOMOTIVE
TYRES, ETC.
TYPES OF RUBBER PROCESS OILS
Servotherm
Medium
Gp I MineralBased -
Thermally Stable &
Low Vapor Generation
Recommended for up
to 315ºC Bulk Oil
Temperature
Good pumpability, no
toxicity or unpleasant
odour
Servotherm
Special
Gp II Mineral Based -
Thermally Stable &
Low Vapor Generation
Recommended for up
to 315ºC Bulk Oil
Temperature
Good pumpability, no
toxicity or unpleasant
odour
Better Life
Servotherm S
Light / Servotherm
S Medium
Cost effective
Synthetic base
stock - High thermal
stability
Operating
temperature up to
315ºC.
Good thermal
conductivity.
Lower power
consumption due to
better pumpability
Servotherm S
Special
Cost effective with
Synthetic base
stock – High
Thermal Stability &
Long Life
Operating
temperature up to
320C
Rapid heat transfer -
High specific heat
and excellent
thermal conductivity
at all temperatures
Lower power
consumption due to
better pumpability
HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
42.
Servotherm SHT
32
Synthetic HeatTransfer
Fluid for petrochemical
and chemical process
plants
Unique HTF for liquid
phase heating from 0C
to 345C in closed
loops
High performance and
highly stable synthetic
heat transfer fluid
Servoduotherm
S
Synthetic Thermic Fluid
meeting ABENGOA
specs for Concentrated
solar power plants.
Unique HTF for liquid
and vapor phase
heating from 12ºC to
400ºC.
Ideal for petrochemical
and chemical process
plants in closed loops.
Servocyclotherm
G
Glycol based Synthetic
Heat Transfer Fluid
Wide Operating
temperature range
between -50 to 170 C in
closed loops for chemical
process plants to replace
MEG-Water system (20% to
100% concentration with water).
Superior corrosion
protection of MS & Cast
Iron and other non
ferrous metals
High Thermal
Efficiency, Energy-
efficient & Bio-
degradable
Servocyclotherm
S
Synthetic Heat Transfer
Unique HTF for wide
temperature range
application between -
100 to 180 C in closed
loops for chemical
process plants
HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
Severity of CuttingOperations Overall severity also depends
upon metal being machined
45.
Classification of CuttingFluids
Cutting Fluids
Straight Neat Cutting Oils
( Mineral Oil &/or Additives )
Water Based Cutting Fluids
Water Soluble Oils/
Emulsions/Emulsifiable Oils
Synthetic Cutting Fluids
➢ Water + Additives (Chemical Soln)
➢ Transparent Appearance
Soluble Oil
[60-90 % Mineral Oil]
➢ Sold as concentrate of Petroleum
based Oils with Emulsifiers &
Additives
➢ Mix with Water to form Emulsion
before Use
➢ Milky Emulsion
Semi Synthetic Cutting Fluids
[30 % Mineral Oil]
➢ Sold as emulsion of Oil in Water with
other dissolved Chemicals
➢ Diluted with Water before Use
➢ Translucent/Semi Transparent Emulsion
46.
Servo Soluble CuttingOils Wide range of products
meeting diverse requirements
PRODUCT RANGE
Mineral (Light to
Heavy Duty)
Semi-synthetic (Light to
Medium Duty)
Synthetic (Light to
Medium Duty)
General Purpose – Ferrous Servocut S Servosynthcut Special
Servosynth 2
Servosynth 5
High Performance – Ferrous Servocut Special Servosynthcut Special R Servo Green Cut
Al & Alloys (ADC 12, etc.) Servocut AL S Servocut AL 23 R
Rust
Preventive &
Washing Oils
OilBased Rust Preventive Oils
•Servo RP 125
•Servo RP 116 B
•Servo RP 130
•Servo RP 130 B Super
•Servo RP 150
•Servo RP 150 Plus
•Servo RP 200
•Servo RP 330
Rust Preventive Oils for Electrostatic Spray
•Servo RP 180 ES
•Servo RP 190 ES
•Servo RP 190 ES (P)
High Flash Solvent Based Rust Preventive Oils
•Servo RP 107 WD
•Servo RP 108 WD
•Servo RP 109 WD
Washing Fluid
•Servo Compclean S
An Automotive Oilis defined by 2
characteristics:
VISCOSITY
Earlier, Engine oils were changed as per Winter
and Summer seasons. Multi-grade oils were
developed so that a single engine oil can be
used in all seasons.
Multigrade Engine Oil Viscosity Example: 15W-
40
15W – Engine Oil will behave as SAE 15 in
Winter season
40 – Engine Oil will behave as SAE 40 in
Summer season
PERFORMANCE LEVEL
Engines have been developing over time. Oil
sump in Engine is reducing, engines are
becoming small and ever more powerful.
Also, lot of pollution regulations have led to
substantial changes in Engine design.
To ensure, that the Engine components are
protected by Engine Oil, various tests are
developed by Performance setting agencies
such as API, ACEA, JASO, etc.
These are called as Performance Levels
52.
SAE Engine OilViscosity (SAE J300)
Automotive Engine Oils globally follow SAE viscosity.
SAE has defined Numbers based on Oil flow performance in Hot and Cold Conditions.
Any SAE Engine Oil viscosity will have 4 parameters:
1. Viscosity at 100 deg C (High Temperature and Low Load)
2. Viscosity at Low Temperature and Low Load (Pumping Viscosity)
3. Viscosity at Low Temperature and High Load (Cranking Viscosity)
4. Viscosity at High Temperature and High Load (HTHS Viscosity)
SAE Gear Oil/ Axle Oil Viscosity (SAE J306)
Automotive Gear Oils and Axle Oils globally follow SAE viscosity.
SAE has defined Numbers based on Oil viscosity in Hot and Cold Conditions.
Any SAE Engine Oil viscosity will have 2 parameters:
Viscosity at 100 deg C (High Temperature)
Viscosity at Low Temperature (1,55,000 cP)
API / SAE/ JASO / ACEA
API – American Petroleum Institute
Develops and maintains Performance standards. API standards are developed through an accredited
process and are recognized in the global automobile industry.
SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers
Develops technical standards for Automobile Industry. Recognized in the global automobile industry.
JASO – Japanese Automotive Standards Organization
Develops technical standards for Automobile Industry. Particularly recognized for 2-Wheeler
Performance standards.
ACEA – European Automobile Manufacturers Association
Develops technical standards for Automobile Industry particularly for European Manufacturers. Also
globally recognized.
API Spec forPassenger Car Oils
API Category Year Introduced Supersedes Key Features
SJ 1996 SH
For 2001 and older vehicles; reduced valve train wear;
moderate deposits.
SL 2001 SJ
Improved high-temp deposit control and wear
protection.
SM 2004 SL
Better oxidation resistance, deposit control, wear;
compatible with emissions systems.
SN 2010 SM
Designed for 2010+ engines; includes turbo and
emission system protection.
SN Plus 2018 SN
Adds LSPI (Low-Speed Pre-Ignition) protection for
turbocharged GDI engines.
SP 2020 SN/SN Plus
Adds timing chain wear, LSPI, oxidation stability, and
turbo protection; backward-compatible.
59.
API Spec forCV Engine Oils
API Category Year Introduced Key Features
CH-4 1998
Emissions control (1998+ diesels); improved soot and wear
control.
CI-4 2002
For EGR-equipped engines (Euro III); includes oxidation,
soot, and piston deposit control.
CI-4 Plus 2004
Enhanced CI-4 with better soot thickening and shear
stability.
CJ-4 2006
For 2007+ engines with DPFs; reduced ash, sulfur, and
phosphorus (low SAPS).
CK-4 2016
Improved oxidation control, shear stability, and aeration
performance for 2017+ diesels.
FA-4 2016
Like CK-4 but with lower HTHS for improved fuel economy;
only for newer engines.
ACEA Specifications
ACEA SpecKey Features SAPS Level HTHS Viscosity Intended Use
C1
- Designed for maximum fuel
economy- Very low SAPS- Not
widely used anymore
Very Low ≥ 2.9 & ≤ 3.5 mPa·s Ford, Mazda (now rare)
C2
- Balanced fuel economy and
wear protection- Low SAPS
Low ≥ 2.9 & ≤ 3.5 mPa·s PSA (Peugeot, Citroën), Toyota
C3
- Strong wear and oxidation
protection- Low SAPS- Higher
HTHS than C2
Low ≥ 3.5 mPa·s BMW, Mercedes-Benz, VW
C4
- Like C3 but with tighter
phosphorus and sulfated ash
limits- Mid-SAPS
Very Low ≥ 3.5 mPa·s Renault (specific applications)
C5
- Improved fuel economy
version of C2- Newer
specification- For modern
engines
Low ≥ 2.6 & ≤ 2.9 mPa·s
Recent PSA, BMW, and Volvo
models
C6
- Introduced in 2021-
Compatible with ACEA C5 but
includes Low-Speed Pre-
Ignition (LSPI) and Chain Wear
tests- Best for GDI and
turbocharged engines
Low ≥ 2.6 & ≤ 2.9 mPa·s Modern Euro 6/Euro 7 engines
62.
API Performance Levelfor Transmission Oils
API GL-1: A straight mineral oil for very old gearboxes and mild conditions
API GL-2: An obsolete designation for automotive worm-gear axles that require a more
advanced lubricant than API GL-1
API GL-3: An obsolete designation for manual transmissions and spiral-bevel axles that operate
under moderately severe conditions
API GL-4: A manual gearbox oil for gears that operate under severe conditions, such as high-
speed/low-torque and low-speed/high-torque
API GL-5: A differential oil, also known as a hypoid gear oil or axle oil, for gears that operate
under high-speed/shock-loaded, high-speed/low-torque, and low-speed/high-torque conditions
API GL-6: An obsolete designation for severe service involving high offset hypoid gears
API MT-1: For non-synchronised manual transmissions in buses and trucks
63.
JASO Performance Level
JASOMA1
A lower standard specification for motorcycles that require different oils for the engine, gearbox, and
clutch
JASO MA2
A higher standard specification for modern motorcycles, suitable for use in motorcycles with catalytic
converters in the exhaust system
JASO MB
A performance category for engine oils used in scooters and other motorcycles with automatic
transmissions. Designed to provide low clutch friction and improved fuel economy for applications
that don't use wet clutches.
JASO T903
A motorcycle specification that requires the use of novel anti-wear components to ensure a balanced
approach to deliver performance, efficiency, durability, and catalyst compatibility.
64.
Basics on Coolantand Performance
Standards
Coolant performance levels are determined by a number of factors, including:
Glycol concentration
A glycol concentration of 40–50% is recommended to ensure proper freezing and boiling
points. High glycol levels can decrease coolant life.
pH range
The pH range should be between 8.0–11.0 for conventional coolants and 7.0–9.5 for advanced
technology products.
Conventional Technology – Inorganic Acid Technology
OAT (Organic Acid Technology) – Latest Technology in Coolants which provide better corrosion
protection and longer life.
65.
Brake Fluid PerformanceLevel
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 116 is a regulation that sets the minimum safety
requirements for brake fluids.
There are 2 standards in usage:
FMVSS 116 - DOT 3
FMVSS 116 - DOT 4
Most read
Most read
![Classification of Cutting Fluids
Cutting Fluids
Straight Neat Cutting Oils
( Mineral Oil &/or Additives )
Water Based Cutting Fluids
Water Soluble Oils/
Emulsions/Emulsifiable Oils
Synthetic Cutting Fluids
➢ Water + Additives (Chemical Soln)
➢ Transparent Appearance
Soluble Oil
[60-90 % Mineral Oil]
➢ Sold as concentrate of Petroleum
based Oils with Emulsifiers &
Additives
➢ Mix with Water to form Emulsion
before Use
➢ Milky Emulsion
Semi Synthetic Cutting Fluids
[30 % Mineral Oil]
➢ Sold as emulsion of Oil in Water with
other dissolved Chemicals
➢ Diluted with Water before Use
➢ Translucent/Semi Transparent Emulsion](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ppt-basicsoflubricants-260212121458-00bda4d0/85/PPT-Basics-of-Lubricants-deals-about-basics-of-lubricant-with-all-the-details-of-base-oils-in-details-45-320.jpg)
