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Plants Systematics: Family Poaceae by Saba Gohar

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Poaceae family, commonly known as the grass family, which includes significant crops such as wheat, rice, and corn, totaling 620 genera and 10,000 species. It discusses their systematic classification, vegetative and reproductive characteristics, economic importance, and diagnostic features unique to grasses. Furthermore, it highlights their roles in food production, soil stabilization, and various uses in construction and medicine.

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By :SABA GOHAR 0210-BS-BOT To: Dr. Andleeb 5th SEMESTER BOTANY GCUL ALLPPT.com _ Free PowerPoint Templates, Diagrams and Charts
FAMILY POACEAE ALLPPT.com _ Free PowerPoint Templates, Diagrams and Charts
TABLE CONTENT • SYSTEMATIC POSITION • INTRODUCTION • DISTRIBUTION • VEGETATIVE CHARACTERS • REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERS • SEED • POLLINATION • IMPORTANT GENERA • DIAGNOSTIC FEATURE • ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Scientific Classification • Division: Spermatophyta • Sub-division: Angiosperms • Class: Monocotyledons • Sub-class: Polypetalae • Series: Glumaceae • Cohort: Ranales • Family: Gramineae (Poaceae) The family Gramineae is commonly called the Grass Family.
INTRODUCTION • Poaceae Family (Gramineae): Large and important grass family. • Poaceae comes from the genus Poa (Greek for "grass • Gramineae from Latin gramma (meaning "seed"). • Includes crops like wheat, rice, corn, barley • Known for long, narrow leaves and jointed stems. • Grasses provide food for animals and humans. • Important for soil stabilization and carbon sequestration.
DISTRIBUTION • Cosmopolitan in distribution. • Poaceae family contain 620 generas and 10,000 species • In Pakistan 158 genera and 498 species • It is the fourth largest family of Angiosperms. • Ranks first in economic importance.
IMPORTANT GENERA • Cynodon – Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda Grass) • Poa – Poa pratensis (Bluegrass) • Panicum – Panicum miliaceum (Millet) • Saccharum – Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane) • Triticum – Triticum aestivum (Wheat) • Oryza – Oryza sativa (Rice) • Zea – Zea mays (Corn or Maize)
HABITS AND ROOTS • Annual (corn) Perennial (sugercan) Shrubs,herbs • Rarely tree( bamboos) • Adventitious root: Those root which arise from parts other than radical. • Fibrous roots.Also adventitious root which are slender like structure and sharply branched. E.g. Zea mays
STEMS • Erect: It mean stem grow upright in position. E.g. wheat • Cylindrical: Straight and round (circular in transverse section). E.g. Bamboo • Node and internodes: Extension at some points of stem which is repeated regularly from which leaf arises. • Internode is the structure present in between two consecutive node. E.g. Sugar cane • Stem is called clum • Fistular: Hollow internodes. E.g. Bamboo • Glabrous: Surface is smooth and having no hair. • Solid stem in case of maize
LEAVES • Simple, alternate, sessile. • They are radical or cauline.Leaf base is sheathing. • Between leaf sheath and the blade, ligule is present. • Leaf blade is linear or with parallel venation.
INFLORESCENCE • Spikelet inflorescence is found in poaceae. • Panicle: A branched inflorescence where flowers are • arranged in clusters. • 3. Spike: Flowers are attached directly to the stem without branching.
FLOWER • Sessile: Pedicel is absent • Bracteates: Bract is present • Incomplete: If one or more floral leaves is missing. • Zygomorphic: Flower can be divided into equal halves in one Plane only , hypozygeous . • Bisexual: When both stamen and carpel.
PERIANTH • Highly reduced and represented as lodicules • Wedge-shaped lodicules • Lodicules are hyaline or hygroscopic • Bombusa-3 lodicules • Oryza sativa-2
ANDROEICUM • Stamens usually three, sometimes six (Bambusa, Oryza) rarely one . • Rarely numerous stamens (Pariana) Polyandrous, • Filaments are long and free. • Basificed anthers dithecous, versatile and linear, pollen grains dry.
GYNOECIUM • Monocarpellary, superior ovary, • unilocular with oneovule. • Styles-1-3 Stigma is feathery
• Pollination. • Anemophilous by Wind. • Fruit • Caryopsis, pericarps is fused With seed coat . • Seed • Endospermic With single cotyledon. • Floral formula • +,P2 Lodicules,A3,G1
DIAGNOSTIC FEATURE • Inflorescence: Arranged in spikelets , typically in spikes, panicles, or racemes, unique to grasses. • Stem: Hollow and jointed (internodes), which separates it from other families.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE Food Crops .Avena sativa ( oats) :Used in oatmeal and granola. Triticum aestivum (Wheat):Main ingredient for bread and pasta. Oryza sativa (Rice): Staple food for billions of people. • Zea mays (Corn)Used in food, animal feed, and • biofuel • Livestock Feed. Cynodon dactylon: Used as livestock • feed and for pastures. • Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor): Grown for feed and food in dry regions. • Sugar Production Saccharum officinarum( sugarcane): • Source of sugar and ethanol.
• Hordeum vulgare( Barely): Used in beer and alcoholic beverages. • Construction no Materials • Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris): Used for scaffolding, furniture, and paper. • Medicinal Use • : Cambopogen citrates Known for its anti-inflammatory benefits. • Ornamental Use • Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda Grass): Used for lawns and pastures.
Plants Systematics: Family Poaceae by Saba Gohar