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Pascal's principle

Pascal's principle states that pressure applied to an enclosed liquid is transmitted equally throughout the liquid, which is utilized in hydraulic systems. This principle enables the application of a small force on a small area to produce a larger force over a larger area, allowing for mechanical advantages, such as lifting heavy objects with hydraulic lifts. Applications include various hydraulic systems used in aircraft braking systems and automotive lifts.

Education◦
CHAPTER 3 3.4 Pascal’s Principle FORCES AND PRESSURE
3.4 Applying Pascal’s Principle ■ State Pascal’s principle ■ Explain hydraulic system, ■ Describe the applications of Pascal’s principle, ■ Solve problems involving Pascal’s principle.
Applying PascalPrinciple ■ Introduction Did you know that most aircraft use incompressible fluid in the braking system and landing gear?
Applying PascalPrinciple ■ Pascal’s Principle states that pressure applied to an enclosed liquid is transmitted equally to every part of the liquid.
Applying PascalPrinciple ■ An apparatus consist that of a glass barrel fitted to a plunger and ending with a bulb with holes of uniform size. ■ This apparatus is fully filled with water. ■ When the plunger is pushed in, the water spurts equally from all the direction.
Applying PascalPrinciple ■ As the pressure transmitted through the fluid is the same, and as pressure, , therefore : Where; F1 = the small force applied A1 = the small area F2 = the large force applied A2 = the large area 2 1 2 1 A A F F  A F P  The small force (F1) exerts a larger force (F2)
Applicationof PascalPrinciple Hydraulic System
Applicationof PascalPrinciple Hydraulic Lift
Applicationof PascalPrinciple Lever Piston A Piston B Effect Step-down (small piston is pushed down) Open Close The hydraulic oil flowing into the master cylinder. The is being raised. Step-up (small piston is pulled up) Close Open Hydraulic oil is drawn from the reservoir into the space under the small piston. The car at original position.
Applicationof PascalPrinciple ■ Hydraulic lifts are used to elevate the heavy items such as car or trucks. out out in in P F P F  Pin is equal to the output pressure, Pout , Pin = Pout in in out out F A A F  Since Aout is much bigger than Ain, the resulting force multiplier effect enables a heavy object like a car to be lifted by a much smaller input force.