The document compares the OSI and TCP/IP models, detailing the functionality of their respective layers including physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. Key differences are highlighted, such as OSI's seven-layer structure and its clear definition of services and protocols versus TCP/IP's four-layer model and its reliance on specific protocols. Additionally, it discusses specific tasks handled by each layer within both models, emphasizing their roles in communication and networking.

1. HARISH R
PILLAI
120120107025
5th
CE A(A2)
PRACTICAL:05
OSI Vs. TCP/IP

2. OSI Layers

3. Transmission Over OSI

4. OSI Physical Layer
 One of the major function of the physical layer is to move data in
the form of electromagnetic signals across a transmission
medium.
 Its responsible for movements of individual bits from one hop
(Node) to next.
 Both data and the signals can be either analo g or dig ital.
 Transmission media work by conducting energy along a physical
path which can be wired or wireless

5. OSI Data Link Layer
 Data link layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop
(Node) to the next.
 Tasks:
 Framing (stream of bits into manageable data units)
 Physical addressing (MAC Address)
 Flow Control (mechanism for overwhelming the receiver)
 Error Control (trailer, retransmission)
 Access Control (defining master device in the same link)

6. OSI Network Layer
 The network layer is responsible for the delivery of individual
packets from the source host to the destination host.
 Tasks:
 Logical addressing (IP Address)
 Routing (Source to destination transmission between
networks)

7. OSI Transport Layer
 The transport layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from
one process to another
 Tasks:
 Service-point addressing (Port address)
 Segmentation and reassembly (Sequence number)
 Connection control (Connectionless or connection oriented)
 Flow control (end to end)
 Error Control (Process to Process)

8. OSI Session Layer
H5
synsyn syn
FromPresentation
Layer
To Transport Layer
Session
Layer
FromTransport
Layer
To Presentation
Layer
H5
synsyn syn
Session
Layer
 The session layer is responsible for dialog control and
synchronization
 Tasks:
 Dialog Control (Half Duplex/Full duplex)
 Synchronization (Synchronization points, process inline within
same page)

9. OSI Presentation Layer
 The presentation layer is responsible for translation, compression
and encryption
 Tasks:
 Translation (interoperability between different encoding system)
 Encryption (Privacy schemes)
 Compression (data compression)

10. OSI Application Layer
 The application layer is responsible for providing services to the user.
 Tasks:
 Network virtual terminal (Software)
 File transfer, access and management
 Mail services
 Directory services (access to distributed database sources for
global information about various objects and services)
To Presentation
Layer
From Presentation Layer

11. TCP/IP Layers

12. Transmission Over TCP/IP

13. TCP/IP Link Layer
 Exchange of data between end system and
network
 Address of host and destination
 Prioritization of transmission
 Software at this layer depends on network (e.g.
X.25 vs. Ethernet)
 Segregation means that no other software
needs to be concerned about net specifics

14. TCP/IP Network Layer
 An Internet is an interconnection of two or more
networks
 Internet layer handles tasks similar to network
access layer, but between networks rather than
between nodes on a network
 Uses IP for addressing and routing across
networks
 Implemented in workstations and routers

15. TCP/IP Transport Layer
 Also called host-to-host layer
 Reliable exchange of data between
applications
 Uses TCP protocols for transmission

16. TCP/IP Application Layer
 Logic needed to support variety of applications
 Separate module supports each type of
application (e.g. file transfer)
 FTP
 HTTP
 Telnet
 News
 SMTP

17. Protocols in TCP/IP

18. OSI Vs TCP/IP
 OSI provides layer
functioning and also
defines functions of all the
layers.
 In OSI model the transport
layer guarantees the
delivery of packets.
 Follows horizontal
approach</td><td>3.
 TCP/IP model is more
based on protocols and
protocols are not
flexible with other
layers.
 In this the transport
layer does not
guarantees delivery of
packets.
 Follows vertical
approach.
OSI(Open System
Interconnection)
TCP/IP(Transmission Control
Protocol)

19.  OSI model has a separate
presentation layer.
 OSI is a general model.
 Network layer provide both
connection oriented and
connectionless service.
 OSI model has a problem
of fitting the protocols in
the model.
 TCP/IP does not have a
separate presentation
layer
 TCP/IP model can’t be
used in any other
application.
 The Network layer
provides connectionless
service.
 TCP/IP model does not fit
OSI Vs TCP/IP
OSI(Open System
Interconnection)
TCP/IP(Transmission Control
Protocol)

20.  Protocols are hidden in
OSI model and are easily
replaced as the technology
changes.
 OSI model defines
services, interfaces and
protocols very clearly and
makes clear distinction
between them.
 It has 7 layers
 In TCP/IP replacing protocol
is not easy.
 In TCP/IP it is not clearly
separated its services,
interfaces and protocols.
 It has 4 layers
OSI(Open System
Interconnection)
OSI Vs TCP/IP
TCP/IP(Transmission Control
Protocol)

21. Analysis between OSI & TCP/IP