The document provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of Java from versions 5 to 11, highlighting significant features introduced in each version such as generics, lambda expressions, and the module system. It discusses Java's delivery process changes, support models, and key enhancements in APIs and functional programming concepts. Additionally, it references various resources and readings for deeper understanding of Java development practices.

1. © Henri Tremblay 2015
Henri Tremblay
Senior Software Engineer
Terracotta, a Software AG company
Java 5,6,7,8,9,10,11: What did you miss?
[TUT4828]
@henri_tremblay

2. 2
Henri Tremblay

3. 3
Henri Tremblay

4. 4
Henri Tremblay
• More or less made possible class mocking and proxying
• Coined the term “partial mocking”

5. 5
Henri Tremblay
• More or less made possible class mocking and proxying
• Coined the term “partial mocking”

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7. 7
5
11
Good old
New & shinny

8. 8
8 minutes break (please do come back)

9. 9
Show of hands

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You voting for me

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Questions

12. 12
Java Delivery Process

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Java 6 Java 7 Java 8
Old delivery process
5 years 3 years 3 years

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Java 9 Java 10 Java 11
New delivery process
6 months 6 months 6 months

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2006 20142007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20202015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
Java 6 (last from Sun)
Java 7
Java 8 (LTS)
Java 5
Java 9
Java 10
Java 13
Java 12
Java 11 (LTS)

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TL;DR
OracleJDK: Free and supported to 6 months
LTS versions have extended ($$$) support by Oracle
Identical to OpenJDK when free
OpenJDK: Free forever, not supported after 6 months
Built by https://adoptopenjdk.net/
Other JVMs (Azul, IBM, RedHat, etc.)
Supported by their vendor as they wish
A lot of “May” and “Possibly” in the party line
https://medium.com/@javachampions/java-is-still-free-
c02aef8c9e04

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Funny fact
Java 9 è Java 17.9
Java 10 è Java 18.3
Java 11 è Java 18.9
java version "11-ea" 2018-09-25
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11-ea+26)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11-ea+26, mixed mode)

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17.9 18.3 18.9 19.3 19.9 20.3 20.9 21.3 21.9 22.3 22.9 23.3 23.9 24.3 24.9 25.3 25.9
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

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@Deprecated
is back
Stronger than ever

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/**
* Counts the number of stack frames in this thread. The thread must
* be suspended.
*
* @return the number of stack frames in this thread.
* @throws IllegalThreadStateException if this thread is not
* suspended.
* @deprecated The definition of this call depends on {@link #suspend},
* which is deprecated. Further, the results of this call
* were never well-defined.
* This method is subject to removal in a future version of Java SE.
* @see StackWalker
*/
@Deprecated(since="1.2", forRemoval=true)
public native int countStackFrames();

21. 21
Java 1.1
(1997)

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Mustache instantiation
Hashtable map = new Hashtable() {{
put("key", "value");
}};

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Modern mustache instantiation
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>() {{
put("key", "value");
}};

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Modern map instantiation (Java 9)
Map<String, String> map =
Map.of("key", "value");

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Slightly longer map instantiation
private Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
{
map.put("key", "value");
}

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Java 5
(2004)

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JAVA 5 GAVE THE GENERIC
TYPES TO THE WORLD
(and also annotations, concurrent collections, enum types, for
each, static imports and so on and so on)

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Type witness
MyClass.<List<String>> anyObject()
because you can’t
(List<String>) MyClass.anyObject()

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Type witness
MyClass.<List<String>> anyObject()
because you can’t
(List<String>) MyClass.anyObject()

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Java 6
(2006, last from Sun)

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JAVA 6 BROUGHT.. PRETTY
MUCH NOTHING
(a bunch of performance improvements under the hood, better xml
parsing and the first scripting api)

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Java 7
(2011, first from Oracle)

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JAVA 7 BROUGHT A LOT OF
SYNTACTIC SUGAR
(plus invokeDynamic, forkJoin, better file IO)

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Switch for strings
switch(s) {
case "hello":
return "world";
case "bonjour":
return "le monde";
}

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Diamond operator
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

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Binary integer literals and underscores
int i = 0b1110001111;
int i = 1_000_000;

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Multiple catches
try {
// ... do stuff
}
catch (IOException | SerializationException e) {
log.error("My error", e);
}
Instead of
try {
// ... do stuff
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("My error", e);
} catch (SerializationException e) {
log.error("My error", e);
}

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Auto Closeable
Before
InputStream in = new FileInputStream("allo.txt");
try {
// … do stuff
} finally {
try { in.close(); } catch(IOException e) {}
}
After
try(InputStream in = new FileInputStream("allo.txt")) {
// … do stuff
}

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Auto Closeable
Real code you should do
InputStream in = new FileInputStream("allo.txt");
try {
// … do stuff
in.close();
} catch(IOException e) {
try {
in.close();
} catch(IOException e1) {
e.addSuppressed(e1);
}
throw e;
}

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File IO API
List<String> lines =
Files.readAllLines(
Paths.get("path", "to", "my", "file.txt"));
// also: file watcher, symbolic links, file locks,
// copy … Look in java.nio.file

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Java 8
(2014)

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JAVA 8: LAMBDA!
(and also a new date API, default methods, metaspace, Nashorn,
JavaFX and CompletableFuture)

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Base64 ;-)
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;
public class Base64s {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final String text = "Base64 finally in Java 8!";
final String encoded = Base64
.getEncoder()
.encodeToString( text.getBytes( StandardCharsets.UTF_8 ) );
System.out.println( encoded );
final String decoded = new String(
Base64.getDecoder().decode( encoded ),
StandardCharsets.UTF_8 );
System.out.println( decoded );
}
}

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Date / Time API
Core ideas:
Immutable
A time is a time, a date is a date. Not always both (like java.util.Date)
Not everyone uses the same calendar (the same Chronology)
LocalDate, LocalTime, LocalDateTime à Local. No time zone
OffsetDateTime, OffsetTime à Time with an offset from
Greenwich
ZonedDateTime à LocalDateTime with a time zone
Duration, Period à Time span
Instant à Timestamp
Formatting à Easy and thread-safe formatting

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Date / Time API (example)
LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
String thatSpecialDay = now
.withDayOfMonth(1)
.atZone(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"))
.plus(Duration.ofDays(5))
.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_ZONED_DATE_TIME);
System.out.println(thatSpecialDay);
Output
2016-09-06T17:45:22.488+01:00[Europe/Paris]

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Lambda: 11th letter of the Greek alphabet

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(also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system in
mathematical logic for expressing computation based
on function abstraction and application using variable
binding and substitution. It is a universal model of
computation that can be used to simulate any single-
taped Turing machine and was first introduced by
mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930s as part of an
investigation into the foundations of mathematics.
Lambda calculus

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This is a function:
This is a lambda:
Lambda calculus

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c = coll.forEach(
(a, b) –> pow(a, 2) + pow(b, 2)
)
Functional programming

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Lambda
// Classic
list.forEach(e -> System.out.println(e));
// Typed
list.forEach((String e) -> System.out.println(e));
// Multiline
list.forEach((String e) -> {
System.out.println(e);
});
// With closure
String greeting= "Hello ”;
list.forEach(e -> System.out.println(greeting + e));

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Implicit final
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
String greeting = "Hello "; // no final required
list.forEach(s -> System.out.println(greeting + s));
list.forEach(new Consumer<String>() {
@Override public void accept(String s) {
System.out.println(greeting + s);
}
});
list.forEach(s -> greeting = “Hi”); // won’t compile

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Interface default methods
public interface List<E> extends
Collection<E> {
default void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E>
operator) {
// …
}
}
public interface A {
default void foo() { }
}
public interface B{
default void foo() { }
}
public class C implements A, B {} // forbidden
public class C implements A, B { // allowed
public void foo() { }
}
public static class D implements A, B { //
allowed
public void foo() {
A.super.foo();
}
}

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Interface static methods
public interface IntStream {
static IntStream empty () {
return …;
}
}
IntStream stream = IntStream.empty ();

54. 54
Mustache vol. 2
Map<Long, Person> persons = Map.of(
1L, new Person(12, "Marc"),
2L, new Person(58, "Pierre”)
);
persons.entrySet().stream()
.map(entry -> new Object() {
long id = entry.getKey();
String name = entry.getValue().getName();
})
.forEach(tuple -> {
System.out.println(tuple.id + ": " + tuple.name);
});
}

55. 55
Everything is a lambda
public interface MyInterface {
int foo();
}
public void bar(MyInterface i) {
System.out.println(i.foo());
}
bar(() -> 4);
bar(new MyInterface() {
@Override public int foo() {
return 4;
}
});
JButton btn = new JButton();
btn.addActionListener(e -> {});
But it’s better to flag them
with
@FunctionalInterface

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Method references
public static class Passenger {
public void inboard(Train train) {
System.out.println("Inboard " + train);
}
}
public static class Train {
public static Train create(Supplier< Train > supplier)
{
return supplier.get();
}
public static void paintBlue(Train train) {
System.out.println("Painted blue " + train);
}
public void repair() {
System.out.println( "Repaired " + this);
}
}
Train train = Train.create(Train::new); // constructor
List<Train> trains = Arrays.asList(train);
trains.forEach(Train::paintBlue); // static
method
trains.forEach(Train::repair); // instance
method
Passenger p = new Passenger();
trains.forEach(p::inboard); // instance
method taking this in param
trains.forEach(System.out::println); // useful!

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Upside Down
public class MethodTest {
public class Foo {
static final String ERR_MESSAGE = "bad";
public void doIt() throws IllegalStateException {
throw new IllegalStateException(ERR_MESSAGE);
}
}
@Test
public void test() {
Foo foo = new Foo();
Throwable t = captureThrowable(foo::doIt);
assertThat(t)
.isInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class)
.hasMessage(Foo.ERR_MESSAGE);
}
public static Throwable captureThrowable(Runnable r) {
Throwable result = null;

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Streams
try(Stream<String> lines =
Files.lines(Paths.get("src/Streams.java"))) {
System.out.println(lines.findFirst());
}

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Functional programming
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
int sum= list
.stream()
.filter(s -> s.startsWith("a"))
.mapToInt(String::length)
.sum();
List<Integer> length = list
.stream()
.map(String::length)
.collect(Collectors.toList());

60. 60
Parallel
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
int sum = list
.parallelStream()
.filter(s -> s.startsWith("a"))
.mapToInt(String::length)
.sum();
Arrays.parallelSort(array);

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Optional
try(Stream<String> lines =
Files.lines(Paths.get("src/Streams.java"))) {
System.out.println(lines.findFirst());
}
è Optional[import java.io.IOException;]
Optional<String> findFirst();
Solution: lines.findFirst().get();
èimport java.io.IOException;

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Java 9
(2017)

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JAVA 9: MODULES!
(and G1 by default, var handles, new http client, jshell, jcmd,
immutable collections, unified JVM logging)

64. 64
Improved try-with-resource
ByteArrayOutputStream in = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try(in) {
}

65. 65
Java 10
(March 2018)

66. 66
JAVA 10: VAR
(application class-data sharing, GraalVM)

67. 67
Keywords
while, if, abstract, public, default,
class, enum (Java 5), _ (Java 9)
Restricted Keywords
open, module, to, with
Literals
true, false, null
Reserved identifier
var
What is var?

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Java 11
(September 2018)

69. 69
JAVA 11: CLEANUP
(and dynamic class-file constants, epsilon, java.xml, corba and
many J2EE modules removed, nashorn removed, ZGC, single file
program)

70. 70
Prepare to do some stretching
Java 8 Java 9 Java 10 Java 11
What any sane person will want his/her framework to support

71. 71
Prepare to do some stretching
Java 8 Java 9 Java 10 Java 11
What any sane person will want his/her framework to support
Unsafe.defineClass()
MethodHandles.defineClass()
Unsafe.defineClass()
removed

72. 72
Prepare to do some stretching
Java 8 Java 9 Java 10 Java 11
What any sane person will want his/her framework to support
import java.xml.bind
--add-modules javax.xml.bind
--module-path containing
jaxb-api-2.4.0-xxx.jar

73. 73
The End

74. 74
Who has learned
something today?
?

75. 75
Java Champions – Java is still free
https://medium.com/@javachampions/java-is-still-free-c02aef8c9e04
Adopt OpenJDK
https://adoptopenjdk.net/
Maurice Naftalin’s Lambda FAQ
http://www.lambdafaq.org/
Zeroturnaround Module Cheat Sheet
http://files.zeroturnaround.com/pdf/RebelLabs-Java-9-modules-cheat-sheet.pdf
Var styleguide
http://openjdk.java.net/projects/amber/LVTIstyle.html
Heinz Kabutz’s online course
https://javaspecialists.teachable.com/courses
Links

76. 76
Modern Java in Action
Raoul-Gabriel Urma and Mario Fusco
Mastering Lambdas
Maurice Naftalin
Java 9 Modularity
Sander Mak and Paul Bakker
Books

77. 77
Caching in Applications still matters
[DEV5935]
Henri Tremblay & Anthony Dahanne
Moscone West – Room 2007
Next talk

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You voting for me

79. 79
Questions? http://montreal-jug.org
? http://easymock.org
http://objenesis.org
http:/ehcache.org
Henri Tremblay
http://blog.tremblay.pro
@henri_tremblay