The document discusses the evolution of GIS and the spatial enabling of information. It describes how GIS has evolved from mapping on paper to digital maps to integrated information systems. Key areas of innovation have been digitization, integration, and increasing intelligence. The future is envisioned as one where all data is spatially enabled and fused to create multidimensional virtual worlds and intelligent decision support systems. Spatial information will underpin technologies like augmented reality and automation. The concept of the "spatial enabling of information" is introduced as integrating location into information systems and workflows to optimize processes.

1. On the Evolution of GIS and
The Spatial Enabling of Information
“The Science of Where”
Dr. Armando Guevara
mail@armandoguevara.com
@WhereScience
Continuation of White Paper First Written in 1994
http://www.slideshare.net/armando_guevara/on-the-spatial-enabling-ofinformation-paradigm-rev-06?from_search=17
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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2. Where are we? Where are we going?
Far behind in time we have left the
days when cartographers drew map
reports of travelers and for areas not
known the phrase “Terra Incógnita”
was written.
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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3. Vision and Creation
In a map we can see the past, the
present and the future… .
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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4. Visionary
Having or showing clear ideas about
what should happen or be done in
the future. Having or showing a
powerful imagination. A person that
by knowledge, experience and
practice establishes the foundation
to create, or creates, the future.
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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5. Some “Recent” Visionaries
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Galileo Galilei
Leonardo Da Vinci
Jules Verne
Charles Babbage
Alexander G. Bell
Thomas Edison
Albert Einstein
Galileo
Leonardo
Charles
Alexander
Albert
Thomas
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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6. Some “recent” IT Visionaries
Enterprises and Entrepreneurs
• Intel
• Xerox Menlo Park
• IBM
• Hewlett Packard
• CDC / Cray Research
• SUN / DELL
• Others…
• APPLE
• NetScape
• AOL
• ORACLE
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
William (Bill) Gates III
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7. Some Geospatial Visionaries/Pioneers
(North American-Centric)
Roger Tomlinson
Duanne Marble
Tom Peucker
Michael Goodchild
Scott Morehouse
Nicholas Chrisman
Geoffrey Dutton
Others…
Jack Dangermond (right)
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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8. Innovation at Hand
Three Key Ongoing Paradigm Shifts
Miniaturization – electronics smaller and smaller
Digitization – all is digital / faster
Integration / Interoperability / “Intelligence”
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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9. Digital Integration
A Game Changer Revolution
• Mobile Phone
• Email/Internet
• Games
• TV / Cameras / Sensors
• Radio / CD / Video
• GPS
• Command / Control / Robotics
• Navigators
• Planning
Once independent (some analog) industries,
manufacturers, products – are now all in
ONE
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
• Holograms
• Augmented and virtual reality
• And much more…
Source: Guevara 1994 On the Spatial Enabling of Information
http://www.slideshare.net/armando_guevara/on-the-spatial-enabling-of-information-paradigmrev-06?from_search=17
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10. Digital Integration
A Game Changer Revolution
• Mobile Phone
• Email/Internet
• Games
• TV / Cameras / Sensors
• Radio / CD / Video
• GPS
• Command / Control / Robotics
• Navigators
• Planning
Once independent (some analog) industries,
manufacturers, products – are now all in
ONE
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
• Holograms
• Augmented and virtual reality
• And much more…
Source: Guevara 1994 On the Spatial Enabling of Information
http://www.slideshare.net/armando_guevara/on-the-spatial-enabling-of-information-paradigmrev-06?from_search=17
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11. Enabling IT Trends (1980’s to present)
1. Smaller
2. Faster
3. More for less (storage, processing, devices)
4. Rapid obsolescence
5. Higher resolution
6. Higher accuracy (metric)
7. Sensing intelligence, e.g. Visual Intelligence
8. Smarter assisting and autonomous devices
9. eConsumables
10. Device-content eCosystems (device-web “cloud”) verticals
(dumb_terminal-mainframe; client-server; client-cloud)
Source: Guevara 1994 On the Spatial Enabling of Information
http://www.slideshare.net/armando_guevara/on-the-spatial-enabling-of-information-paradigmrev-06?from_search=17
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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12. Gartner: Top 10 Strategic
Technology Trends For 2014
1. Mobile Device Diversity and Management
2. Mobile Apps and Applications
3. The Internet of Everything
4. Hybrid Cloud and IT as Service Broker
5. Cloud/Client Architecture
6. The Era of Personal Cloud
7. Software Defined Anything
8. Web-Scale IT
9. Smart machines
10. 3-D Printing and manufacturing
Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2013/10/14/gartner-top-10strategic-technology-trends-for-2014/
© Armando Guevara CompanySpatial Enabling of Information
Visual Intelligence – On the Confidential
© Visual Intelligence Company Confidential
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13. IT Market Trends and Indicators
Mature: US and Europe
Emerging: Other
PCs Declining but strong. Portables outsell desktops.
Source: http://www.pctoday.com/DigitalIssues/PCToday/PT____1110__/
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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14. IT Market Trends and Indicators
Gartner’s Spending Forecast 2013
Source: http://www.pctoday.com/DigitalIssues/PCToday/PT____1104__/
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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15. Next: Innovation At Hand
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Digital integration – multi scale/n-dimensional / temporal
Interoperable virtual 3D “worlds”/domains
Robotics/UVS and voice/brain-wave driven devices
GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY
The map of the future is an intelligent virtual n-dimensional
world of the world.
Source: Guevara 1994 On the Spatial Enabling of Information
http://www.slideshare.net/armando_guevara/on-the-spatial-enabling-of-information-paradigmrev-06?from_search=17
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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16. UVS – Robotics – Navigating the 3D World
“Smart Machines”
This era will be the most disruptive in the history of
IT by the proliferation of:
contextually aware, intelligent personal
assistants (voice/brain-wave driven)
smart advisors (e.g., IBM Watson)
advanced global industrial systems
autonomous vehicles
Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2013/10/14/gartner-top-10strategic-technology-trends-for-2014/
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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17. How innovation is led - KISS
Modular – Scalable - Interoperable
1.
Solve “user’s pains”. Solutions that easily evolve, integrate, interoperate and escalate using One base
software/HW architecture for all apps - airborne, to ground, to mobile/handheld.
2.
Correct, Robust & Reliable -performs consistently all the time.
3.
Highest quality system solution (software, hardware); output easily ingestible by any 3rd party
processing software. More for less digital paradigm.
4.
Highest collection capacity & resolution – best in class.
5.
Best value –economical, cost of ownership- apples to apples.
6.
Automated, easy to use - minimal manual intervention workflow. UVS-ready.
7.
Speed - fastest in class collection, processing and automated workflow.
8.
Easy to deploy, maintain and upgrade software and hardware. Development follows object oriented
(OO) paradigm and rigorous software engineering practices.
9.
Innovate - do it right, right now; do not kludge or reinvent the wheel. Hustle with highest sense of
urgency.
10.
"Smartest" – clever designs and implementations, OO-P, reusable components (“Out of the box
thinking”).
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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18. gIs Value Chain
Gaming
AR/VR 3D
Web Content
PaaS/AaaS 2D/3D
GIS - Imagery
3D Applications
2D Base Mapping
Collect Imagery
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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19. gIs Applications
$ Geoimaging Value Added $$$
Airborne Sensors / UVS / UAV / Mobile / Robotics / Handheld
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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20. Device-Content gIs
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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21. The Spatial Enabling of Information
A Geographic Paradigm Shift
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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22. “Space… the final frontier…”
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Spatial is everything… it is universal… it is infinite…
Everything happens somewhere…
The container and contained theory….
Geospatial is everything locatable on the surface of the earth…
Location is n-dimensional… it is macro… it is micro…
Location is defined by geometry…
All things are locatable in some space and therefore have relations…
Relations are defined by topology… if location changes the relation may change…
Gravity is about the interaction between the location of things…
The Science of Where… Reality… Virtual Reality…Augmented Reality… “What is
reality? it is all a mere illusion… a persistent one, mind you…” (Einstein)
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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23. The evolution of GIS - Geography
Idea…
®
Implementation…
Acceptance…
Disruptive
change…
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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24. The evolution of GIS - Geography
Idea…
Gis
®
Implementation…
1970-1980
Acceptance…
From paper to digital.
Automation of maps.
Digitizing maps.
Taking geographic
analysis “to the
computer”.
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
Disruptive
change…
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25. The evolution of GIS - Geography
Idea…
Gis
1970-1980
®
Implementation…
GIS
Acceptance…
1980-1990
From files to data bases
Spatial data vs non spatial data
Raster vs vector
G Integration with DBMS
Computerized geographic tool
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
Disruptive
change…
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26. The evolution of GIS - Geography
Idea…
Gis
1970-1980
®
Implementation…
GIS
1980-1990
Acceptance…
gIS
Disruptive
change…
1990-2000
It’s about information systems
All data digital - spatially enabled
Digital Data – Lots of Data
Emergence vertical information apps
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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27. The evolution of GIS - Geography
Idea…
Gis
1970-1980
®
Implementation…
GIS
1980-1990
Acceptance…
gIS
1990-2000
Disruptive
change…
…from a geocentric paradigm to
an information-centric one…
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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28. Once upon a time… and still some times…
my-city-information-system.com
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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29. The evolution of GIS - Information
Ingenious (engineering)
Innovation
I
2000-2010
GoogleEarth – BING – Yahoo Maps – Here - Others
Emergence and growth of “social networks and sensing”
Rise of the Internet of Everything and the Science of Where
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
Integration
Interoperability
Interactivity
Interdisciplinary
Inference
Information
Inalámbrico (wireless)
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30. Then… Now
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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31. The evolution of GIS - Intelligence
I
Imagery (googols - 1 followed by 100 zeros)
Information
Intelligence
Intelligent Internet (Increasingly)
I
2010+
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
Multidimensional data (spatial/temporal)
Intelligently Fused – spatial/temporaral co-registered
Autonomous Intelligent decision assisting systems
Rise of the spatially enabled machines
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32. From the image to information to knowledge
Images/Data
Knowledge
Intelligence
Information
Fusion and “intelligent”
integration
• Processing as a Service
“The Cloud”
• Data as a Service
• Software as a Service
• Information as a Service
• Applications as a Service
Rule-Based Virtual
Data Bases
Virtual n-D Worlds
Decisions /
Actions
n-Dimensional
Multimedia
Data
Sources
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
Users / UVS
(Social Sensors)
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33. Challenges – “Big Data”
Source:
http://www.pctoday.com/DigitalIssues/PCToday/PT____1111__/
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
The “Internet of Everything”
Source: Ordnance Survey/linkeddata.org
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34. Multidimensional (x,y,z,t)Integrated
Information Management
2D
3D
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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35. The Spatial Enabling of Information
Foundation for the Science of Where
The process of designing, developing, and implementing
solutions that integrate geospatial, information and
communication
technologies that seek to optimize
workflows and reduce operating costs by leveraging “where
knowledge” in an innovative way is called “the spatial
enabling of information”.
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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36. Shifting Gears into 3D
A Digital 3D World of the World – through Time
Source: www.cubecities.com
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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Emergency Response
Home Land Security
AEC
Real State
Insurance
Defense
Situational Awareness
Simulation
Virtual Reality
Augmented Reality
Gaming
Imagination is the limit
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37. Augmented Reality
What is reality?
Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one.
Albert Einstein
The Real World as an Operating System
The future of computing
Source: www.youtube.com
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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38. I for Interior Modeling
Source: www.floored.com
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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39. Conclusions?
…connecting the dots…
Technology
Society
The Future?
“Digital Social Networks”
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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40. From “data” to knowledge to intelligence
Human knowledge stored
in rule-based data bases
n-dimensionally fused with
ALL data (MACRO and micro)
Automated
knowledge-based
decisions and actions.
Intelligent foundation for UVS.
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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41. GIS – Geography
“The Science of Where”
• It all happens somewhere.
• The n-dimensional spatial domain is a
topologically and geometrically integrating
and convergent domain. The “ultimate
container”. Say what!?
• Where you are affects where you are… and
where you will be: law of gravity.
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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42. gIs - I for Imagination
“If you want your children to be
intelligent, read them fairy tales.
If you want them to be more
intelligent, read them more fairy
tales.”
“Logic will get you from A to Z;
imagination will get you everywhere.”
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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43. On the Evolution of GIS and
The Spatial Enabling of Information
“The Science of Where”
Dr. Armando Guevara
mail@armandoguevara.com
@WhereScience
Continuation of White Paper First Written in 1994
To be continued…
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information
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