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Nursing Research & Statistics one mark Q

A detailed fill-in-the-blank question bank covering nursing research concepts, methodologies, ethics, data analysis, and statistics essential for nursing education and evidence-based practice.

Healthcare◦
Nursing Research & Statistics Fill-in-the-Blank Question Bank 1. Research is a __________ scientific investigation. Ans: Systematic 2. The first step of the research process is identification of the research __________. Ans: Problem 3. The last step of the research process is reporting of __________. Ans: Findings 4. A good research problem should be clear, specific and __________. Ans: Feasible 5. A research study should follow ethical __________. Ans: Principles 6. Evidence-Based Practice combines research evidence, clinical expertise and patient __________. Ans: Values 7. The first step of Evidence-Based Practice is asking a clinical __________. Ans: Question 8. Informed __________ is taken from research participants. Ans: Consent 9. A research problem should be __________ and feasible. Ans: Researchable 10. A tentative answer to a research problem is called a __________. Ans: Hypothesis 11. A hypothesis that states no relationship between variables is called a __________ hypothesis. Ans: Null 12. A hypothesis predicting a relationship between variables is called a __________ hypothesis. Ans: Research 13. A good hypothesis should be __________. Ans: Testable 14. Research objectives describe what the researcher wants to __________. Ans: Achieve 15. Research objectives should be specific and __________. Ans: Measurable 16. A research problem should contribute to new __________. Ans: Knowledge 17. A gap in existing knowledge helps identify a research __________. Ans: Problem 18. A critical summary of previously conducted studies on a chosen topic is called __________ of literature. Ans: Review 19. Reviewing literature helps the researcher avoid unnecessary __________ of a study already done. Ans: Duplication
20. CINHAL stands for Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied __________ Literature. Ans: Health 21. The Cochrane Library is mainly used to access __________ reviews in health care. Ans: Systematic 22. A rigorous, structured synthesis of all available evidence on a specific research question is called a __________ review. Ans: Systematic 23. Reviewing literature helps identify the __________ gap that justifies the need for a new study. Ans: Knowledge 24. A brief descriptive and evaluative summary written for each source in a reference list is called an __________. Ans: Annotation 25. A bibliography that includes a short summary of each source is called an __________ bibliography. Ans: Annotated 26. Unpublished sources such as theses, dissertations and conference proceedings are called __________ literature. Ans: Grey 27. The scope of literature review includes theoretical, conceptual and __________ literature. Ans: Empirical 28. The place where research literature is physically or electronically located is called the __________ of the review. Ans: Location 29. A research approach that studies past events using documents and records is called __________ research. Ans: Historical 30. A research approach that collects data from a large sample using questionnaires or interviews is called __________ research. Ans: Survey 31. A research approach involving manipulation of the independent variable to test cause-effect relationships is called __________ research. Ans: Experimental 32. A qualitative design exploring the lived experience of individuals is called __________ research. Ans: Phenomenological 33. A qualitative design describing the culture and patterns of a specific group is called __________ research. Ans: Ethnographic 34. A qualitative approach that develops theory directly from the data collected is called __________ theory. Ans: Grounded 35. An in-depth, detailed study of a single individual, group, institution or event is called a __________ study. Ans: Case 36. A true experimental design requires manipulation, control group and __________. Ans: Randomization 37. A design where the researcher manipulates the independent variable without full randomization or control is called __________ experimental design. Ans: Quasi 38. A design that does not involve manipulation of the independent variable is called __________ research design. Ans: Non-experimental
39. A research design that describes variables as they exist without manipulation is called __________ research design. Ans: Descriptive 40. A design that examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulation is called __________ research design. Ans: Correlational 41. A design in which data are collected from subjects at a single point in time is called a __________ study. Ans: Cross-sectional 42. A design in which the same subjects are studied repeatedly over a period of time is called a __________ study. Ans: Longitudinal 43. A design that compares two or more groups on one or more variables is called __________ research design. Ans: Comparative 44. The theoretical structure that links the concepts and variables of a study is called the __________ framework. Ans: Conceptual 45. A small-scale trial run of the study conducted before the main study is called a __________ study. Ans: Pilot 46. The main purpose of a pilot study is to test the __________ of the research design and tools. Ans: Feasibility 47. Data from a pilot study are generally __________ included in the final analysis of the main study. Ans: Not 48. The population to which the researcher wants to generalize findings is called the __________. Ans: Target population 49. The list of all eligible subjects is called the sampling __________. Ans: Frame 50. Criteria specifying who can participate are __________ criteria. Ans: Inclusion 51. Criteria specifying who cannot participate are __________ criteria. Ans: Exclusion 52. Sampling techniques are broadly classified into __________ and non-probability sampling. Ans: Probability 53. The most basic probability sampling is __________ random sampling. Ans: Simple 54. Selecting every nth subject is __________ sampling. Ans: Systematic 55. Dividing the population into homogeneous groups is __________ sampling. Ans: Stratified 56. Selecting entire groups is __________ sampling. Ans: Cluster 57. Sampling carried out in stages is __________ sampling. Ans: Multistage 58. Selecting participants by judgment is __________ sampling. Ans: Purposive
59. Selecting easily available participants is __________ sampling. Ans: Convenience 60. Selecting all eligible accessible subjects is __________ sampling. Ans: Consecutive 61. Selecting according to fixed proportions is __________ sampling. Ans: Quota 62. Sampling used for hidden populations is __________ sampling. Ans: Snowball 63. Snowball sampling is also called __________ referral sampling. Ans: Chain 64. A good sampling technique minimizes __________ error. Ans: Sampling 65. Drawing conclusions about a population from a sample is called __________. Ans: Generalization 66. The ability of an instrument to measure what it intends to measure is __________. Ans: Validity 67. The consistency of an instrument is __________. Ans: Reliability 68. Validity evaluated by experts is __________ validity. Ans: Content 69. Validity based on appearance is __________ validity. Ans: Face 70. Measuring the theoretical concept is __________ validity. Ans: Construct 71. Validity compared with a gold standard is __________ validity. Ans: Criterion 72. Reliability measured by repeating the same test is __________ reliability. Ans: Test-retest 73. Reliability between two observers is __________ reliability. Ans: Inter-rater 74. Internal consistency is measured using __________ alpha. Ans: Cronbach's 75. Keeping participants' information private is __________. Ans: Confidentiality 76. Doing good is called __________. Ans: Beneficence 77. Avoiding harm is called __________. Ans: Non-maleficence 78. Fair treatment of participants is called __________. Ans: Justice 79. Participants may __________ from the study at any time.
Ans: Withdraw 80. Making up research data is called __________. Ans: Fabrication 81. Changing research data dishonestly is called __________. Ans: Falsification 82. Participant identity should remain __________. Ans: Anonymous 83. Research reporting should maintain __________. Ans: Honesty 84. The systematic process of organizing, summarizing and interpreting data is called __________. Ans: Data analysis 85. The main purpose of data analysis is to answer research questions and test __________. Ans: Hypotheses 86. Data are classified into __________ and __________ types. Ans: Quantitative, Qualitative 87. Mean and median are measures of __________ tendency. Ans: Central 88. Standard deviation is a measure of __________. Ans: Dispersion 89. Student's __________ test is a parametric test. Ans: t 90. ANOVA is a __________ test. Ans: Parametric 91. Chi-square test is a __________ test. Ans: Non-parametric 92. Mann–Whitney U test is a __________ test. Ans: Non-parametric 93. SPSS stands for Statistical Package for the __________ Sciences. Ans: Social 94. Assigning labels to qualitative data is called __________. Ans: Coding 95. The process of arranging data into groups is called __________. Ans: Classification 96. Presenting data in rows and columns is called __________. Ans: Tabulation 97. The science of collecting, organizing and interpreting data is called __________. Ans: Statistics 98. Statistics are classified into __________ and __________ statistics. Ans: Descriptive, Inferential 99. __________ statistics summarize and describe data. Ans: Descriptive
100. __________ statistics draw conclusions from sample data. Ans: Inferential 101. The four scales of measurement are Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and __________. Ans: Ratio 102. Data classified into categories without any order are measured on the __________ scale. Ans: Nominal 103. Data ranked or ordered but without equal intervals are measured on the __________ scale. Ans: Ordinal 104. The __________ scale has equal intervals but no true zero. Ans: Interval 105. The __________ scale has equal intervals with a true zero. Ans: Ratio 106. The statistical measure of relationship between two variables is called __________. Ans: Correlation 107. The value indicating the strength of correlation is the correlation __________. Ans: Coefficient 108. A graph showing the relationship between two variables is called a __________ diagram. Ans: Scatter 109. A p-value less than 0.05 is generally considered __________. Ans: Significant 110. Sharing research findings with others is called __________. Ans: Dissemination 111. Applying research findings in practice is called research __________. Ans: Utilization 112. A brief summary of a research report is called an __________. Ans: Abstract 113. The standard format of a research article is called __________. Ans: IMRAD 114. Evaluation of a manuscript by experts is called __________ review. Ans: Peer 115. A research paper submitted to a journal is called a __________. Ans: Manuscript 116. Using another person's work without acknowledgment is called __________. Ans: Plagiarism 117. Vancouver and APA are __________ styles. Ans: Referencing 118. A written plan for conducting research is called a research __________. Ans: Proposal 119. Research utilization improves __________-based practice. Ans: Evidence 120. Research findings are presented in the __________ section.
Ans: Results 121. Interpretation of findings is presented in the __________ section. Ans: Discussion 122. The methodology of the study is described in the __________ section. Ans: Methods 123. Oral presentation of research is commonly done at a __________. Ans: Conference 124. Research findings should be communicated to the appropriate __________. Ans: Audience 125. Critical appraisal is the systematic __________ of research evidence. Ans: Evaluation 126. Accepting a false null hypothesis is called a __________ error. Ans: Type II 127. Rejecting a true null hypothesis is called a __________ error. Ans: Type I 128. The number of values free to vary in a statistical calculation is called the __________ of freedom. Ans: Degree 129. A range of values likely to contain the true population parameter is called the __________ interval. Ans: Confidence 130. A study that follows a group of subjects over time to observe outcomes is called a __________ study. Ans: Cohort 131. The number of new cases of a disease occurring in a population over a period of time is the __________ rate. Ans: Incidence 132. PICO stands for Population, Intervention, Comparison and __________. Ans: Outcome 133. RCT stands for __________ Controlled Trial. Ans: Randomized 134. A tool that measures the degree or intensity of a response is called a __________ scale. Ans: Rating 135. The statistical analysis of individual questionnaire/test items for difficulty and discrimination is called __________ analysis. Ans: Item 136. Statements that are taken to be true without proof in a study are called __________. Ans: Assumptions 137. A systematic evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of a study is called research __________. Ans: Critique 138. Measurements obtained using biological or physiological equipment (e.g. BP, blood glucose) are called __________ measures. Ans: Bio-physiological 139. Obstacles that prevent research findings from being applied in practice are called __________ to research utilization. Ans: Barriers
140. A question with a fixed set of response options is called a __________ question. Ans: Closed-ended 141. The statistical method used to measure the linear relationship between two continuous variables is __________ correlation coefficient. Ans: Karl Pearson 142. The statistical technique used to predict the value of one variable from another is called __________ analysis. Ans: Regression 143. A graphical representation of a frequency distribution using adjoining bars is called a __________. Ans: Histogram 144. A diagram that uses rectangular bars to compare values across categories is called a __________ diagram. Ans: Bar 145. A circular diagram divided into segments proportional to the values they represent is called a __________ chart. Ans: Pie 146. The symmetrical, bell-shaped curve of a data distribution is called the __________ curve. Ans: Normal probability 147. A single value that represents the central value of a data set is called a statistical __________. Ans: Average 148. Numerical data related to births, deaths, marriages and diseases in a population are called __________ statistics. Ans: Vital 149. The branch of statistics applied to biological and health-related data is called __________ statistics. Ans: Bio 150. Selecting sample units randomly by drawing from a container is called the __________ method. Ans: Lottery Total: 150