The document is a repetitive demo version notice for PDF-ToolBox software from docu-track.com, listing the website address http://www.docu-track.com/ over 100 times in a row. It appears to be demonstrating a feature rather than conveying unique information.
This document discusses the Islamic doctrine of al-Wala' Wa'l-Bara', which means loyalty to Muslims and disavowal of disbelievers. It covers several topics related to this doctrine, including the rights of Muslims towards one another, migration from lands of disbelief, jihad for Allah's sake, abandoning heresy, prohibiting imitation of disbelievers, and guidelines for Muslims interacting with non-Muslims. The document emphasizes that love and alliance in Islam must be for the sake of Allah alone.
This document provides an introduction and translation of the Aqeedatul Tahaawiyyah, a foundational text on Islamic beliefs authored by Imam Tahawi.
The introduction discusses Imam Tahawi's background and scholarly works. It notes that the Aqeedatul Tahaawiyyah concisely lists the beliefs that Muslims must know and inwardly comprehend, drawing from the Quran and hadiths.
The text itself outlines 50 key Islamic doctrines. These include beliefs about Allah's oneness and attributes, prophethood, the Quran, destiny, and the last day. It emphasizes submitting one's understanding to Allah and avoiding likening Him to creation.
This document provides background information on the book "Al-'Uboodiyyah" by Ibn Taymiyah, including acknowledgments, a preface, and introduction about Ibn Taymiyah. It discusses how Ibn Taymiyah sought to clarify the distinction between being a slave and being a worshiper of God. It also summarizes some of Ibn Taymiyah's main theological points about the universal reality of all things being slaves to God, versus the religious reality of voluntary acceptance of God's commands. The introduction concludes by noting that Ibn Taymiyah's work aimed to reform thinking that had deviated from the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah.
This is a document listing 100 fabricated hadith. While hadith are important Islamic religious texts, some hadith have been fabricated and are not authentic sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. This document appears to be cataloging 100 such fabricated hadith that Muslims should be aware are not true.
xiv introduction to the routledge classics edition
The Accumulation of Capital by Rosa Luxemburg is considered one of the
most important works on Marx's political economy since Capital. In the
book, Luxemburg develops Marx's analysis of capitalist reproduction and
accumulation by critically examining his assumptions. She argues that the
non-capitalist environment plays a key role in driving capitalist expansion
by providing markets and resources. Luxemburg also emphasizes the role
of imperialism in accessing this external environment. While her work has
flaws from rushing to complete it, it makes important contributions by
highlighting limitations in Marx's analysis and the dependence of
capitalism on non-capitalist areas for continued growth.
The CIA report analyzes strategies to maintain public support in France and Germany for the NATO mission in Afghanistan. It notes that indifference could turn to hostility if casualties rise. The report proposes appealing to French sympathy for Afghan refugees and women's issues. For Germany, it suggests emphasizing the consequences of defeat, like drugs and terrorism, and protecting Germany's standing in NATO. The goal is to manipulate public opinion in the two countries to support continuing the Afghan war mission.
This document summarizes the threat of Islamist militancy in the Pakistan-Afghanistan border region and U.S. policy to address it. It finds that the militant activity in western Pakistan poses threats including increased potential for attacks on the U.S., a growing threat to Pakistani stability, and hindering U.S. efforts to stabilize Afghanistan. It discusses the various militant groups operating in the region and safe havens they enjoy. U.S. policy aims to increase cooperation with Pakistan to combat the militants through military operations, building tribal militias, and development assistance, but faces challenges from Pakistan's strategic interests and weak government control in tribal areas.
The document is a repetitive demo version notice for PDF-ToolBox software from docu-track.com, listing the website address http://www.docu-track.com/ over 100 times in a row. It appears to be demonstrating a feature rather than conveying unique information.
This document discusses the Islamic doctrine of al-Wala' Wa'l-Bara', which means loyalty to Muslims and disavowal of disbelievers. It covers several topics related to this doctrine, including the rights of Muslims towards one another, migration from lands of disbelief, jihad for Allah's sake, abandoning heresy, prohibiting imitation of disbelievers, and guidelines for Muslims interacting with non-Muslims. The document emphasizes that love and alliance in Islam must be for the sake of Allah alone.
This document provides an introduction and translation of the Aqeedatul Tahaawiyyah, a foundational text on Islamic beliefs authored by Imam Tahawi.
The introduction discusses Imam Tahawi's background and scholarly works. It notes that the Aqeedatul Tahaawiyyah concisely lists the beliefs that Muslims must know and inwardly comprehend, drawing from the Quran and hadiths.
The text itself outlines 50 key Islamic doctrines. These include beliefs about Allah's oneness and attributes, prophethood, the Quran, destiny, and the last day. It emphasizes submitting one's understanding to Allah and avoiding likening Him to creation.
This document provides background information on the book "Al-'Uboodiyyah" by Ibn Taymiyah, including acknowledgments, a preface, and introduction about Ibn Taymiyah. It discusses how Ibn Taymiyah sought to clarify the distinction between being a slave and being a worshiper of God. It also summarizes some of Ibn Taymiyah's main theological points about the universal reality of all things being slaves to God, versus the religious reality of voluntary acceptance of God's commands. The introduction concludes by noting that Ibn Taymiyah's work aimed to reform thinking that had deviated from the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah.
This is a document listing 100 fabricated hadith. While hadith are important Islamic religious texts, some hadith have been fabricated and are not authentic sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. This document appears to be cataloging 100 such fabricated hadith that Muslims should be aware are not true.
xiv introduction to the routledge classics edition
The Accumulation of Capital by Rosa Luxemburg is considered one of the
most important works on Marx's political economy since Capital. In the
book, Luxemburg develops Marx's analysis of capitalist reproduction and
accumulation by critically examining his assumptions. She argues that the
non-capitalist environment plays a key role in driving capitalist expansion
by providing markets and resources. Luxemburg also emphasizes the role
of imperialism in accessing this external environment. While her work has
flaws from rushing to complete it, it makes important contributions by
highlighting limitations in Marx's analysis and the dependence of
capitalism on non-capitalist areas for continued growth.
The CIA report analyzes strategies to maintain public support in France and Germany for the NATO mission in Afghanistan. It notes that indifference could turn to hostility if casualties rise. The report proposes appealing to French sympathy for Afghan refugees and women's issues. For Germany, it suggests emphasizing the consequences of defeat, like drugs and terrorism, and protecting Germany's standing in NATO. The goal is to manipulate public opinion in the two countries to support continuing the Afghan war mission.
This document summarizes the threat of Islamist militancy in the Pakistan-Afghanistan border region and U.S. policy to address it. It finds that the militant activity in western Pakistan poses threats including increased potential for attacks on the U.S., a growing threat to Pakistani stability, and hindering U.S. efforts to stabilize Afghanistan. It discusses the various militant groups operating in the region and safe havens they enjoy. U.S. policy aims to increase cooperation with Pakistan to combat the militants through military operations, building tribal militias, and development assistance, but faces challenges from Pakistan's strategic interests and weak government control in tribal areas.
The document discusses the period of European imperialism from the late 19th century. It explores differing perspectives on whether imperialism benefited Europeans or colonized peoples. Historians like Niall Ferguson argue that British imperialism brought order and free trade, while Marxists like Hobsbawm see clear winners and losers, with colonized groups suffering the most. The document also examines how Europeans rapidly expanded their colonial control worldwide in this period due to decisive military and technological advantages over indigenous societies.
This document contains an introduction to Ibn Taymeeyah's Letters from Prison. It provides background information on Ibn Taymeeyah, including that he was a 14th century Islamic scholar born in Harran who came from a family of scholars. It describes the political and intellectual environment of his time, including the Mongol invasions. It highlights Ibn Taymeeyah's dedication to knowledge, defending Islam, and concern for the Muslim masses. The introduction explains that the letters contained in the document come from when Ibn Taymeeyah was imprisoned in Egypt and were written to various recipients.
The document discusses the concept of waqf endowments in Islamic cities. Some key points:
1) Waqf endowments allowed individuals to finance beneficiaries like mosques, schools, and charities in perpetuity through revenues from designated property.
2) Waqf came in different types - khayri for public/religious causes, dhurri for family members, and mushtarak for both. Over time, dhurri waqf would shift funds to khayri causes.
3) Waqf touched all levels of society and were a major source of funding for urban infrastructure. They played a fundamental role in the development of Islamic cities from the Ayyubid period through
4616192 the-present-tense-between-english-and-arabic-a-comparative-by-abdulba...Light Upon Light
This document is a study on the present tense in English and Arabic conducted by T. Abdulbaseer Jamal Eid. It contains an introduction and four chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the different forms of the present tense in English, including the present simple, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous. Chapter 2 examines the present tense in Arabic, covering conjugation, inflection cases, and usage. Chapter 3 compares the present tense between English and Arabic, highlighting similarities and differences. The conclusion is in Chapter 4. Tables and examples are provided to illustrate key points.
Noam Chomsky was interviewed about his views on anarchism, Marxism, and hope for the future. He discusses being attracted to anarchism as a teenager because it challenges all unjustified structures of authority and hierarchy. He sees anarchism as advocating placing the burden of proof on authority and dismantling it if its justification cannot be met. Chomsky notes the achievements of the Spanish Revolution, where millions of workers and peasants established grassroots democracy to manage production through participatory means. He is skeptical of some leftist traditions like Bolshevism that were elitist in viewing workers as only capable of "trade union consciousness" rather than deeper political thought.
Ctrl+Alt+Del-Hate is an online E-magazine and broader initiative dedicated to combating polarization, hate and extremism. It's part of the www.LightUponLight.Online ecosystem. With articles and insights offered by former violent extremists, survivors of extremist violence and researchers, the magazine combats extremist groups and individuals online and is used in print offline to prevent interest in extremist ideologies/movements & to provide positive alternatives for those in radical movements.
Lynne stewart re sentenced to 10 years – u.s. justice sentenced to deathLight Upon Light
Lynne Stewart, a lawyer who represented Omar Abdel Rahman, was re-sentenced to 10 years in prison for releasing one of Rahman's statements to the media. The statement called for negotiations between an Islamic group and the Egyptian government. Stewart was convicted of providing material support to terrorists for releasing this statement. However, the document argues that Stewart was actually being punished for her lifelong advocacy for justice, and that her re-sentencing marks a decline in freedom of expression and a fair judicial process in the U.S. It claims the U.S. is becoming less democratic and more repressive of dissent.
The document provides an introduction to and overview of the six pillars of faith in Islam according to the classical works of Ibn Taymiyyah and other scholars of Ahl us Sunnah wal Jama'ah. The six pillars are: belief in Allah, belief in the angels, belief in the books, belief in the messengers, belief in the Day of Judgment, and belief in divine decree. Each pillar is then discussed in its own chapter, with the first chapter focusing on defining belief in Allah, or Tawhid, as comprising rejection of false gods and sole affirmation of Allah. It also defines the major categories of false gods, or Taghut.
This document provides a summary of stories from the Quran about various prophets, beginning with the creation of Adam. It describes how Allah informed the angels of his plan to create humans and place them on earth. It tells of Iblis's refusal to prostrate before Adam, which led to his banishment. It recounts how Adam and Eve were placed in the Garden but disobeyed Allah by eating from the forbidden tree. As a result, they were sent to earth to live and die there until resurrection.
This document discusses developments in Muslim philosophical theology between the 6th/12th centuries, focusing on al-Ghazali and al-Razi. It examines al-Ghazali's approach to kalam, including his downgrading of it from a pursuit of knowledge to persuasion. While al-Ghazali is credited with promoting Aristotelian logic in kalam, he did not depart from the non-apodictic methods of previous mutakallimun. The document aims to provide a more precise understanding of developments during this influential period of Muslim intellectual history, of which al-Razi was a central figure.
The document is a table of contents for the book "Sunan Abu−Dawud" which contains 41 chapters on various topics related to Islamic law and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad. Some of the chapter topics included are Purification, Prayer, Zakat, Marriage, Fasting, Jihad, Inheritance, Funerals, and the Prophet's Behavior. The table of contents provides a high level overview of the content in each chapter by listing its title and page or hadith number range.
The document discusses the history and development of chocolate over centuries. It details how cocoa beans were first used by Mesoamerican cultures before being introduced to Europe, where it became popular in drinks and confections. The document also notes that modern chocolate production methods were established in the 19th century to allow chocolate to be consumed on a larger scale.
The document discusses the history of terrorism in three stages. It begins by summarizing a New Yorker article describing the shock experienced by Muslims after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and the abolition of the Islamic caliphate in the early 20th century. This created a sense of humiliation that continues to influence the Muslim world. It then discusses how the author plans to study the history of terrorism to better understand the present and move toward peace in the future. The summary provides context on some early groups considered terrorist, including Jewish Zealots resisting Rome, the Hashashin assassins of the 11th century, and European pirates of the 16th-18th centuries.
This document provides information about the Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI) and its publication of the proceedings from the Third International Conference on Islamic Economics.
The conference was jointly sponsored by IRTI, the International Islamic University Malaysia, and the International Association for Islamic Economists. It focused on the theme of "Financing Development in Islam" and was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1992.
This publication compiles all of the papers presented at the conference on various topics related to Islamic economic development and financing. IRTI aims to investigate development financing from an Islamic framework and highlight issues and alternatives for Muslim economies. The quality papers in this volume provide a valuable contribution to the literature on Islamic economics.
The book "No Logo" by Naomi Klein examines the rise of brand-focused marketing in the late 20th century and the anti-corporate globalization movement that emerged in response. Klein argues that large corporations have increasingly focused on branding and marketing activities over production. This has led to issues such as degraded working conditions in factories abroad and the commercialization of public spaces. The book also documents grassroots protests and "culture jamming" campaigns that have targeted high-profile brands like Nike, The Gap, and Starbucks. Klein sees these campaigns as part of a growing push
This document provides a survey of recent works on the history of economic thought in Islam. It begins by discussing a few early Islamic jurists and scholars from the 1st/2nd century AH such as Zaid bin Ali and Abu Hanifa and their views on issues like sale on credit, salam contracts, and treatment of debtors. It then summarizes more recent writings about other influential Islamic scholars such as Al Awza'i, Malik, Shafi'i, Ibn Khaldun, and others up to Muhammad Iqbal and their contributions to Islamic economic thought over 14 centuries of history. The survey is intended to draw attention to the need for further comprehensive study of this topic by examining source materials in Arabic
The document discusses the period of European imperialism from the late 19th century. It explores differing perspectives on whether imperialism benefited Europeans or colonized peoples. Historians like Niall Ferguson argue that British imperialism brought order and free trade, while Marxists like Hobsbawm see clear winners and losers, with colonized groups suffering the most. The document also examines how Europeans rapidly expanded their colonial control worldwide in this period due to decisive military and technological advantages over indigenous societies.
This document contains an introduction to Ibn Taymeeyah's Letters from Prison. It provides background information on Ibn Taymeeyah, including that he was a 14th century Islamic scholar born in Harran who came from a family of scholars. It describes the political and intellectual environment of his time, including the Mongol invasions. It highlights Ibn Taymeeyah's dedication to knowledge, defending Islam, and concern for the Muslim masses. The introduction explains that the letters contained in the document come from when Ibn Taymeeyah was imprisoned in Egypt and were written to various recipients.
The document discusses the concept of waqf endowments in Islamic cities. Some key points:
1) Waqf endowments allowed individuals to finance beneficiaries like mosques, schools, and charities in perpetuity through revenues from designated property.
2) Waqf came in different types - khayri for public/religious causes, dhurri for family members, and mushtarak for both. Over time, dhurri waqf would shift funds to khayri causes.
3) Waqf touched all levels of society and were a major source of funding for urban infrastructure. They played a fundamental role in the development of Islamic cities from the Ayyubid period through
4616192 the-present-tense-between-english-and-arabic-a-comparative-by-abdulba...Light Upon Light
This document is a study on the present tense in English and Arabic conducted by T. Abdulbaseer Jamal Eid. It contains an introduction and four chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the different forms of the present tense in English, including the present simple, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous. Chapter 2 examines the present tense in Arabic, covering conjugation, inflection cases, and usage. Chapter 3 compares the present tense between English and Arabic, highlighting similarities and differences. The conclusion is in Chapter 4. Tables and examples are provided to illustrate key points.
Noam Chomsky was interviewed about his views on anarchism, Marxism, and hope for the future. He discusses being attracted to anarchism as a teenager because it challenges all unjustified structures of authority and hierarchy. He sees anarchism as advocating placing the burden of proof on authority and dismantling it if its justification cannot be met. Chomsky notes the achievements of the Spanish Revolution, where millions of workers and peasants established grassroots democracy to manage production through participatory means. He is skeptical of some leftist traditions like Bolshevism that were elitist in viewing workers as only capable of "trade union consciousness" rather than deeper political thought.
Ctrl+Alt+Del-Hate is an online E-magazine and broader initiative dedicated to combating polarization, hate and extremism. It's part of the www.LightUponLight.Online ecosystem. With articles and insights offered by former violent extremists, survivors of extremist violence and researchers, the magazine combats extremist groups and individuals online and is used in print offline to prevent interest in extremist ideologies/movements & to provide positive alternatives for those in radical movements.
Lynne stewart re sentenced to 10 years – u.s. justice sentenced to deathLight Upon Light
Lynne Stewart, a lawyer who represented Omar Abdel Rahman, was re-sentenced to 10 years in prison for releasing one of Rahman's statements to the media. The statement called for negotiations between an Islamic group and the Egyptian government. Stewart was convicted of providing material support to terrorists for releasing this statement. However, the document argues that Stewart was actually being punished for her lifelong advocacy for justice, and that her re-sentencing marks a decline in freedom of expression and a fair judicial process in the U.S. It claims the U.S. is becoming less democratic and more repressive of dissent.
The document provides an introduction to and overview of the six pillars of faith in Islam according to the classical works of Ibn Taymiyyah and other scholars of Ahl us Sunnah wal Jama'ah. The six pillars are: belief in Allah, belief in the angels, belief in the books, belief in the messengers, belief in the Day of Judgment, and belief in divine decree. Each pillar is then discussed in its own chapter, with the first chapter focusing on defining belief in Allah, or Tawhid, as comprising rejection of false gods and sole affirmation of Allah. It also defines the major categories of false gods, or Taghut.
This document provides a summary of stories from the Quran about various prophets, beginning with the creation of Adam. It describes how Allah informed the angels of his plan to create humans and place them on earth. It tells of Iblis's refusal to prostrate before Adam, which led to his banishment. It recounts how Adam and Eve were placed in the Garden but disobeyed Allah by eating from the forbidden tree. As a result, they were sent to earth to live and die there until resurrection.
This document discusses developments in Muslim philosophical theology between the 6th/12th centuries, focusing on al-Ghazali and al-Razi. It examines al-Ghazali's approach to kalam, including his downgrading of it from a pursuit of knowledge to persuasion. While al-Ghazali is credited with promoting Aristotelian logic in kalam, he did not depart from the non-apodictic methods of previous mutakallimun. The document aims to provide a more precise understanding of developments during this influential period of Muslim intellectual history, of which al-Razi was a central figure.
The document is a table of contents for the book "Sunan Abu−Dawud" which contains 41 chapters on various topics related to Islamic law and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad. Some of the chapter topics included are Purification, Prayer, Zakat, Marriage, Fasting, Jihad, Inheritance, Funerals, and the Prophet's Behavior. The table of contents provides a high level overview of the content in each chapter by listing its title and page or hadith number range.
The document discusses the history and development of chocolate over centuries. It details how cocoa beans were first used by Mesoamerican cultures before being introduced to Europe, where it became popular in drinks and confections. The document also notes that modern chocolate production methods were established in the 19th century to allow chocolate to be consumed on a larger scale.
The document discusses the history of terrorism in three stages. It begins by summarizing a New Yorker article describing the shock experienced by Muslims after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and the abolition of the Islamic caliphate in the early 20th century. This created a sense of humiliation that continues to influence the Muslim world. It then discusses how the author plans to study the history of terrorism to better understand the present and move toward peace in the future. The summary provides context on some early groups considered terrorist, including Jewish Zealots resisting Rome, the Hashashin assassins of the 11th century, and European pirates of the 16th-18th centuries.
This document provides information about the Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI) and its publication of the proceedings from the Third International Conference on Islamic Economics.
The conference was jointly sponsored by IRTI, the International Islamic University Malaysia, and the International Association for Islamic Economists. It focused on the theme of "Financing Development in Islam" and was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1992.
This publication compiles all of the papers presented at the conference on various topics related to Islamic economic development and financing. IRTI aims to investigate development financing from an Islamic framework and highlight issues and alternatives for Muslim economies. The quality papers in this volume provide a valuable contribution to the literature on Islamic economics.
The book "No Logo" by Naomi Klein examines the rise of brand-focused marketing in the late 20th century and the anti-corporate globalization movement that emerged in response. Klein argues that large corporations have increasingly focused on branding and marketing activities over production. This has led to issues such as degraded working conditions in factories abroad and the commercialization of public spaces. The book also documents grassroots protests and "culture jamming" campaigns that have targeted high-profile brands like Nike, The Gap, and Starbucks. Klein sees these campaigns as part of a growing push
This document provides a survey of recent works on the history of economic thought in Islam. It begins by discussing a few early Islamic jurists and scholars from the 1st/2nd century AH such as Zaid bin Ali and Abu Hanifa and their views on issues like sale on credit, salam contracts, and treatment of debtors. It then summarizes more recent writings about other influential Islamic scholars such as Al Awza'i, Malik, Shafi'i, Ibn Khaldun, and others up to Muhammad Iqbal and their contributions to Islamic economic thought over 14 centuries of history. The survey is intended to draw attention to the need for further comprehensive study of this topic by examining source materials in Arabic
Chasing a-mirage-the-tragic-illusion-of-an-islamic-state%5 b1%5dLight Upon Light
The document contains reviews and endorsements of Tarek Fatah's book "Chasing a Mirage". Several key points are made:
1) Fatah questions the notion that the Islamic State is central to the destiny of Muslims and argues that Muslims need to rid themselves of sectarianism and adopt secularism and pluralism.
2) Fatah demonstrates that the Islamist agenda is not anti-imperialist but rather medieval, misogynist, and reactionary.
3) Fatah provides insight into the power struggles within Muslim society and how Islam has often been used as a political tool rather than a religion.
4) Several reviewers praise Fatah
916 ajiss24 1-stripped%20-%20-dusuki%20and%20abdullah%20-%20maqasid%20al-syariahLight Upon Light
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) from an Islamic perspective. It provides context on the evolution of CSR in the West and outlines criticisms of Western approaches. It then introduces the key Islamic concepts of maqasid al-Shari'ah (objectives of Islamic law) and maslahah (public interest) as frameworks for understanding CSR. Maqasid al-Shari'ah identifies five objectives - faith, life, intellect, posterity, and wealth - that can guide corporations. Maslahah allows flexibility while upholding these objectives and resolving conflicts between stakeholders.
850 ajiss21 4%20-%20-marin%20guzman%20-%20arab%20tribes%20and%20the%20umayyad...Light Upon Light
The document discusses the role of Arab tribes in the expansion of Islam and consolidation of the Islamic empire under the Umayyad dynasty. It describes how the two main tribal confederations, the Mudar and Qahtan, expanded Islam in different directions - the Mudar to the east and Qahtan to the west - for economic and political reasons. The Umayyads exploited existing tribal rivalries to maintain control over the empire, while the Abbasids later used the same tactic to overthrow the Umayyads and rise to power.
This document discusses Sharia compatible futures contracts. It proposes that a Sharia Compatible Future (SCF) is a futures contract designed to achieve the objectives of a conventional futures contract while complying with Islamic transaction restrictions. Specifically, SCFs would prohibit interest futures and require currency futures to observe Islamic currency restrictions. The document provides an overview of the economic functions of futures markets, including hedging, price discovery, and cash price stability. It also distinguishes between primary risks inherent to certain businesses that cannot be avoided, and secondary risks that can be hedged through financial instruments to improve flexibility in managing primary risks.