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Music, dance, recreation, relaxational therapies in psychiatric nursing

The document discusses various therapeutic techniques used in mental health practice including music therapy, dance/movement therapy, recreation therapy, relaxation techniques, and exercise. Music therapy uses music to attain specific therapeutic goals and benefits mental health. Dance/movement therapy uses dance to facilitate emotional and social experiences. Recreation therapy provides enjoyable activities to relieve symptoms. Relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, deep breathing, and mental imagery reduce tension. Exercise is also an effective stress reliever through physical exertion.

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PREPAREDBY: MS. MARUTHU. G, M.Sc., (N), DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY
MUSIC THERAPY IS THE FUNCTIONAL APPLICATION OF MUSIC TOWARDS THE ATTAINMENT OF SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC GOALS. MUSIC IS A COMPINATION OF RHYTHMICAL HARMONIC AND MELODIC SOUNDS AND MANY PEOPLE, THROUGHOUT HISTORY, HAVE BELIEVED IN ITS MEDICINAL EFFECTS.
MUSIC THERAPY IS THE FUNCTIONAL APPLICATION OF SEVERAL TYPES OF MUSIC TOWARDS THE ATTAINMENT OF SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC GOALS AND SIGNIFICANT BENEFIC IN MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE.
 “MUSIC THERAPY IS THE BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE CONCERNED WITH THE SYSTEMIC APPLICATION OF MUSIC TO PRODUCE RELAXATION AND DESIRED CHANGES IN EMOTIONS, BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY”
 ENHANCES THE RELAXATION OF THE MIND  ENCOURAGES CLIENTS IN SELF EXPRESSION THROUGH MUSIC  PROVIDES ON OPPORTUNITY TO WORK WITH THE CLIENT IN SITUATIONS, WHERE VERBAL EXPRESSION OR THE RATIONAL, COGNITIVE PROCESSES ARE NOT REQUIRED.  PERMITS THE CLIENT AND NURSE TO INTERACT AT EMOTIONAL AND INTUITIVE LEVELS
 TO ACHIEVE A SPECIFIC CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR OR FEELING.  DIVERTS THE MIND IN STRESSFUL SITUATION.  REDUCES THE PSYCHO – PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS, PAIN OR ISOLATION  DEVELOPS A SENSE OF AWARENESS  IMPROVES LEARNING  PROMOTES COPING WITH A VARIETY OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTIONS.
 USED AS A CATALYST TO FACILITATE MENTAL SUGGESTION  ENHANCES CLIENT SELF HEALING  PRODUCES ALTERATION IN PHYSIOLOGY  REDUCES ANXIETY, TENSION AND FEAR  INDUCES SLEEP  IT IS AN EFFECTIVE, NON INVASIVE, SELF ADMINISTERED, NON PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION FOR SLEEP DISTURBANCES AMONG ELDERLY
 FACILITATE FREE EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS  ENHANCES COGNITIVE SKILLS, EX.LEARNING  MAINTAIN BODY CIRCULATION AND MOVEMENT  IMPROVES MUSLE TONE  STIMULATES SOCIAL INTERACTION  FACILITATES AND INFLUENCES THE FLUENCY OF SPEECH
 APHASIA  DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS  ELDERLY CLIENTS  CONFUSION  AGITATION  AFFECTIVE, COGNITIVE AND SENSORY DISORDERS  TERMINALLY ILL CLIENTS
 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM * DECREASE HEART RATE * DECREASE IN SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE * DIMINISHED OXYGEN DEMAND IN THE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM * REDUCTION IN RESPIRATORY RATE * INCREASED OXYGEN SATURATION
 GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM * REDUCE NAUSEA AND VOMITTING  PAIN * ACUTE AND CHRONIC PAIN REDUCTION IN POST-OPERATIVE POPULATION, GYNECOLOGIC PROCEDURE, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND CANCER PATIENT.
 CORTISOL LEVELS: * REDUCES THE CORTISOL LEVEL  STRESS AND ANXIETY: * REDUCES ANXIETY AND STRESS LEVEL
 PERI OPERATIVE ROOM  LABOUR ROOM  COUNSELING ROOM  PHYSICAL THERAPY UNITS  ADDICTON TREATMENT HALLS  REHABILITATION CENTRE  MASSAGE THERAPY SESSION ROOM  SLEEP INDUCTION UNITS  MEDICAL AND SURGICAL UNITS  NEONATAL & PAEDIATRIC UNITS
 DMT IS THE PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC USE OF MOVEMENT AND DANCE FOR EMOTIONAL, COGNITIVE, SOCIAL, BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSICAL CONTIONS.  THE ULTIMATE PURPOSE OF DMT IS TO FIND A HEALTHY BALANCE AND SENSE OF WHOLENESS.
 “THE FUNCTIONAL APPLICATION OF VARIED FORMS OF DANCE BY THE USAGE OF GROUP OF MUSLES TO BRING CERTAIN EFFECT TO MODIFY THE CLIENTS BEHAVIOR OR ALTERING CLIENTS EMOTION”
 PROMOTES PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC USAGE OF BODY MOVEMENT  CLIENT WILL LEARN TO EXPRESS HIS IDEAS, THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS THROUGH THEIR MOTOR ACTIVITY BY KEEPING VARIED DANCING POSITIONS  ENHANCES INTERACTION AND COMMUNICATION PATTERN  IMPROVES MUSCULAR COORDINATION; SEIF CONFIDENCE AND CONTENTMENT
 FOSTERS INTEGRATION OF PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL EXPERIENCES  RELIEVES TENSION, STRESS, ANXIETY AND WORRIES  PROVIDES SELF SATISFACTION  EXHIBITS TALENTS, CAPABILITIES OF AN INDIVIDUAL  PROMOTES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITION AND CONATIVE BEHAVIORS OF AN INDIVIDUAL  PROMOTES PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL INTEGRITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL
 AUTISM  LEARNING DISABILITIES  MENTAL RETARDATION  DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED  BLIND AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED  PHYSICALLY HANDIHAPPED  ELDERLY  EATING DISORDERS  PTSD  PARKINSON’S DISEASE
 REHABLITATION CENTERS  MEDICAL SETTINGS  EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS  FORENSIC SETTINGS  NURSING HOMES  DAY CARE FACILITIES  DISEASE PREVENTION CENTERS  HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS
AMERICAN DANCE THERAPY ASSOCIATION * FOUND IN 1966. * IT PUBLISHES THE “AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DANCE THERAPY” * CREATED IN ORDER TO UPHOLD HIGH STANDARDS IN THE FIELD OF DMT.
 ASSOCIATION FOR DANCE MOVEMENT THERAPY, UNITED KINGTOM (ADMTUK): * IT IS ONE OF THE FIRST ORGANISATIONS ESTABLISHED TO REGULATE THE FIELD OF DANCE THERAPY. * ADMTUK ACCREDITS THERAPISTS AND OVERSEES THAT ALL REGULATIONS ARE FOLLOWED
 A MASTER DEGREE IS REQUIRED TO BECOME A DANCE / MOVEMENT THERAPIST  “REGISTERED DANCE / MOVEMENT THERAPIST” (R-DMT) IS THE TITLE GIVEN AT ENTRY - LEVEL
 RECREATION IS A FORM OF ACTIVITY THERAPY USED IN MOST PSYCHIATRIC SETTINGS.  IT IS A PLANNED THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY THAT ENABLES PEOPLE WITH LMITATIONS TO ENGAGE IN RECREATIONAL EXPERIENCES.
 “IT IS A FORM OF ACTIVITY THERAPY, WHERE AN INDIVIDUAL ENJOYS PLEASURABLY, THE LEISURE TIME THROUGH RECREATING AND RENEWING THE BODY AND MIND BY RELIEVING EMOTIONAL TENSIONS OR INTERNAL CONFLICTS AND THERE BY RELEASES MONOTONOUS LIFE OF MENTALLY SICK OR ILL PERSONS” - K.P.NEERAJA
 CLIENTS WHO HAVE DIFFICULTY IN RELATING TO OTHERS  IMMOBILIZED PERSONS IN PSYCHIATRIC UNITS  SCHIZOPHRENIA  EXCITEMENT  DEPRESSION  ANXIETY DISORDERS  ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME  OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDERS  SUBSTANCE ABUSE
 TO ENCOURAGE SOCIAL INTERACTION  TO DECREASE WITHDRAWAL TENDENCIES  TO PROVIDE OUTLET FOR FEELINGS  TO PROMOTE SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR  TO DEVELOP SKILLS, TALENTS AND ABILITIES  TO INCREASE PHYSICAL CONFIDENCE AND A FEELING OF SELP WORTH
 PROVIDE A NON-THREATENING AND NON-DEMANDING ENVIRONMENT  PROVIDE ACTIVITIES THAT ARE RELAXING AND WITHOUT RIGID GUIDELINES AND TIME-FRAMES  PROVIDE ACTIVITIES THAT ARE ENJOYABLE AND SELF SATISFYING
Motor form Sensory form Intellectual form
 INDOOR ACTIVITIES  OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES  ACTIVITIES FOR INTELLECTUAL EXPRESSION  ACTIVITIES FOR PSYCHOSEXUAL EXPRESSION  ACTIVITIES FOR EXPRESSION OF LOVE AND TENDERNESS  ACTIVITIES FOR EXPRESSION OF MUSCULAR STRENGTH  ACTIVITIES INCREASING SENSORY POWER
 RELAXATION PRODUCES PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OPPOSITE THOSE OF ANXIETY; SLOWED HEART RATE, INCREASED PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW AND NEUROMUSCULAR STABILITY.  THERE ARE MANY METHODS WHICH CAN BE USED TO INDUCE RELAXATION IN THE INDIVIDUALS.
YOGA MEDITATION BIOFEEDBACK MUSCULAR RELAXATION MENTAL IMAGERY
 YOGA IS “SYSTEM OF EXERCISE TO ATTAIN MENTAL CONTROL AND WELL BEING, TO A PATH OF LIBERATION” -WEBSTER’S DICTIONARY  IT IS BASED ON THE ANCIENT INDIAN PHILOSOPHY PRINCIPLE OF MIND-BODY UNITY.
 YOGA USES COMBINATION OF PHYSICAL POSTURES (ASANAS), BREATHING TECHNIQUES (PRANAYAMAS) AND MEDITATION TO PROMOTE RELAXATION AND ENHANCE THE FLOW OF VITAL ENERGY CALLED PRANA.
SELF CONTROL (YAMA) RELIGIOUS OBSERVANCE (NIYAMA) ASSUMPTION OF CERTAIN POSITIONS (AASANA) REGULATION OF THE BREATH (PRANAYAMA) RESTRAINT OF THE SENSES (PRATYAHARA)
STEADYING OF THE MIND (DHARANA) MEDITATION (DHYANA) PROFOUND CONTEMPLATION (SAMADHI)
MEDITATION
 “MEDITATION IS A KIND OF SELF-DISCIPLINE THAT HELPS ONE ACHIEVE INNER PEACE AND HARMONY BY FOCUSING UNCRITICALLY ON ONE THING AT A TIME”
 DEEP BREATHING ISA SIMPLE TECHNIQUE THAT IS BASIC TO MOST OTHER RELAXATION SKILLS.  TENSION IS RELEASED WHEN THE LUNGS ARE ALLOWED TO BREATHE IN AS MUCH OXYGEN AS POSSIBLE.
BREATHING EXERCISES HAVE BEEN FOUND TO BE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING * ANXIETY * DEPRESSION * IRRITABILITY * MUSCULAR TENSION * FATIGUE
1) Sit, stand, or lie in a comfortable position, ensuring that the spine is straight. 2) Place one hand on your abdomen and another on your chest. 3) Inhale slowly and deeply through your nose. The abdomen should be expanding and pushing up on your hand. The chest should be moving only slightly.
4) When you have breathed in as much as possible, hold your breathe for a few seconds before exhaling. 5) Begin exhaling slowly through the mouth, pursing your lips as if you were going to whistle. Pursing the lips helps to control how fast you exhale and keeps airways open as long as possible. 6) Feel the abdomen deflate as the lungs are emptied air.
7) Begin the inhale exhale cycle again. focus on the sound and feeling of your breathing as you become more and more relaxed. 8) Continue the deep breathing exercises for 5 to 10 minutes at a time. once mastered, the technique may be used as often as required to relieve tension.
 Progressive relaxation, a method of deep muscle relaxation, was developed in 1929 by Chicago physician Edmond Jacobson.  This technique is based on the premise that the body responds to anxiety – provoking thoughts and events with muscle tension.
 Excellent results have been observed with this method in the treatment of * muscular tension * anxiety * insomnia * depression * fatigue * irritable bowel * muscle spasms * neck and back pain, * high blood pressure * mild phobias & stuttering.
 MENTAL IMAGERY USES THE IMAGINATION IN AN EFFORT TO REDUCE THE BODY’S RESPONSE TO STRESS. THE FRAME OF REFERENCE IS VERY PERSONAL, BASED ON WHAT EACH INDIVIDUAL CONSIDERS TO BE A RELAXING ENVIRONMENT.
 SIT OR LIE DOWN IN A COMFORTABLE POSITION  CLOSE YOUR EYES AND IMAGINE THAT YOU AND SOMEONE YOU LOVE ARE WALKING ALONG THE SEASHORE. NO OTHER PEOPLE ARE IN SIGHT IN ANY DIRECTION.  THE SUN IS SHINING, THE SKY IS BLUE, AND A GENTLE BREEZE IS BLOWING. YOU SELECT A SPOT TO STOP AND REST.
 YOU LIE ON THE SAND AND CLOSE YOUR EYES. YOU HEAR THE SOUND OF THE WAVES AS THEY SPLASH AGAINST THE SHORE.  THE SUN FEELS WARM ON YOUR FACE AND BODY. THE SAND FEELS SOFT COOL AGAINST YOUR BACK.  AN OCCATIONAL WAVE SPLASHES YOU WITH A COOL MIST THAT DRIES RAPIDLY IN THE WARM OF SUN.
 REGULAR EXERCISE IS VIEWED BY MANY AS ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR RELEIVING STRESS. PHYSICAL EXERTION PROVIDES A NATURAL OUTLET FOR THE TENSION PRODUCED BY THE BODY IN ITS STATE OF AROUSAL FOR “FIGHT TO FLIGHT”.
 BRISK WALKING  JOGGING  RUNNING  CYCLING  SWIMMING AND DANCING.
THANK YOU
Music, dance, recreation, relaxational therapies in psychiatric nursing
Music, dance, recreation, relaxational therapies in psychiatric nursing