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Microencapsulation: A Novel Drug Delivery System | BP704T

Microencapsulation is an important Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS) technology used to enclose drug particles within a polymeric coating to achieve controlled, sustained, and targeted drug delivery. This presentation covers the definition, importance, advantages and disadvantages, microcapsules vs. microparticles, methods of microencapsulation, working mechanism, and pharmaceutical applications. The major methods discussed include pan coating, air suspension, spray drying, spray congealing, coacervation-phase separation, solvent evaporation, interfacial polymerization, and in-situ polymerization.

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Related topics:
Novel Drug Delivery System•Drug Delivery Systems• B-pharm•
MICROENCAPSULATION Novel Drug Delivery Systems (BP704T) Presenter: Divyani Dutta, B.Pharm VII Semester Submitted to: Dr. Sagar Trivedi School of Pharmacy, G. H. Raisoni University, Saikheda 2026–2027 G. H. Raisoni University, Saikheda
Introduction & Definition Microencapsulation is a core Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS) technology involving the enclosure of drug particles within a polymeric coating (1–1000 μm) to form microcapsules or microspheres. Process: Drug (Core) →Polymer Selection →Microencapsulation →Microcapsules / Microspheres →Controlled Release
Importance of Microencapsulation Protection from moisture, oxygen & light Improved drug stability Taste & odour masking Controlled & sustained release Reduced dosing frequency Minimized toxicity Improved patient compliance Targeted drug delivery
Advantages & Disadvantages Advantages • Improved stability of drug • Controlled & sustained release • Taste and odour masking • Better bioavailability • Reduced side effects • Improved patient compliance • Protection of sensitive drugs Disadvantages • High manufacturing cost • Process complexity • Scale-up difficulties • Solvent toxicity concerns • Polymer compatibility issues • Specialized equipment needed Key Note Microencapsulation offers significant therapeutic advantages but requires careful selection of polymers, methods, and equipment to overcome technical and economic challenges. BP704T - Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Microcapsules vs Microparticles Microcapsules (Reservoir Type) Microparticles (Matrix Type) Core-shell system: drug is enclosed within a distinct polymeric shell. Drug remains as a separate core surrounded by a continuous polymer membrane. Release is controlled by diffusion through the shell. Also known as reservoir-type system. Matrix system (Microspheres): drug is uniformly dispersed throughout the polymer matrix. No distinct core or shell — drug and polymer are homogeneously mixed. Release depends on polymer degradation or diffusion through the matrix. BP704T – Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Methods of Microencapsulation Physical Methods: Pan Coating Air Suspension Spray Drying Spray Congealing Physicochemical Methods: Coacervation-Phase Separation Solvent Evaporation Chemical Methods: Interfacial Polymerization In-situ Polymerization
Physical Methods of Microencapsulation Pan Coating Air Suspension Spray Drying Rotating drum sprays polymer solution onto particles (>600 μm). Coating builds up in layers; suitable for tablets and pellets. Particles suspended in upward hot air stream; polymer solution sprayed onto particles and solvent evaporates to form uniform coat. Drug-polymer solution atomized into hot air chamber; solvent evaporates instantly forming dry microparticles. Spray congealing uses molten coating cooled to solidify.
Physicochemical & Chemical Methods Coacervation Phase separation method where polymer separates from solution and deposits as a coating around drug particles. • Polymer dissolved in solvent • Drug dispersed in polymer solution • Coacervation induced by temperature change, pH shift, or non-solvent addition • Polymer-rich phase deposits around drug core • Hardening forms final microcapsule Result: Uniform polymer shell around drug core (reservoir-type system). Solvent Evaporation Drug and polymer dissolved in a volatile organic solvent; solvent evaporation leads to microsphere formation. • Drug + polymer dissolved in volatile solvent • Emulsified in aqueous phase • Solvent evaporates under stirring • Polymer precipitates around drug • Microspheres collected by filtration Result: Matrix-type microparticles with drug dispersed in polymer. Polymerization Methods Interfacial Polymerization: Polymer membrane forms at the interface of two immiscible liquids via reaction of monomers. • Monomer in each phase reacts at interface • Thin polymer membrane forms spontaneously • Produces thin-walled microcapsules In-Situ Polymerization: Polymerization occurs directly around drug particles, forming a coating in situ. • Monomer added to drug dispersion • Polymerization initiated around particles • Coating forms directly on drug surface
Working Mechanism Drug Selection: Choose active pharmaceutical ingredient and determine desired release profile. Polymer Selection: Select appropriate wall material based on compatibility and release requirements. Drug-Polymer Mixture Preparation: Blend core material with chosen polymer in suitable medium. Encapsulation Method: Apply selected technique (pan coating, coacervation, spray drying, etc.). Coating Formation: Polymer deposits uniformly around drug particles forming the membrane. Drying/Hardening: Solvent removal and hardening of the polymeric coat for stability. Microcapsules: Final product with drug enclosed within polymeric shell (1–1000 μm). Drug Release: Controlled/sustained release of drug at target site upon trigger. School of Pharmacy, G. H. Raisoni University
Applications of Microencapsulation • Controlled drug delivery • Sustained-release dosage forms • Taste masking • Targeted drug delivery • Vaccine delivery • Protein & peptide delivery • Cancer therapy • Cosmetic formulations • Food industry applications • Agricultural products BP704T – Novel Drug Delivery Systems
References 1.Jain, N. K. Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery. CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi. 2.Chien, Y. W. Novel Drug Delivery Systems. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 3.Vyas, S. P. & Khar, R. K. Targeted and Controlled Drug Delivery: Novel Carrier Systems. CBS Publishers, New Delhi. 4.PCI B.Pharm BP704T Syllabus – Novel Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmacy Council of India.
THANK YOU Questions & Discussion | School of Pharmacy, G. H. Raisoni University, Saikheda