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Measuring IPv6 at web clients and caching resolvers

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RIPE NCC
RIPE NCC

The document describes measurements of IPv6 deployment among web clients and caching DNS resolvers. JavaScript code on a website causes image lookups to test for native IPv6 connectivity for HTTP and DNS. Results are analyzed to determine IPv6 usage levels by country and AS, as well as performance differences between IPv4 and IPv6. Ongoing measurement is encouraged to track progress in IPv6 adoption.

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RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measuring IPv6 at web clients and caching resolvers Emile Aben emile.aben@ripe.net Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 1
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Introduction • We want more insight into IPv6 deployment • IPv6 deployment numbers: - Routing table: 6% of ASes - Web traffic: 0.25% - 2 % of web clients • Where is the difference? • Measure IPv6 connectivity of end-user combined with ISP infrastructure Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 2
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement start Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 3
RIPE Network Coordination Centre HTTP measurements Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 4
RIPE Network Coordination Centre DNS measurements Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 5
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement step 1: javascript • Web client visits site (www.ripe.net) and fetches piece of javascript • Script creates a uniqID and causes 4 image lookups: <uniqID>.h4.d6.example.com/img.png?<uniqID>.h4.d6 <uniqID>.h6.d4.example.com/img.png?<uniqID>.h6.d4 <uniqID>.hb.db.example.com/img.png?<uniqID>.hb.db <uniqID>.h4.d4.example.com/img.png?<uniqID>.h4.d6 • h-label: HTTP connectivity (h4,h6,hb) • d-label: DNS connectivity (d4,d6,db) Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 6
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement step 3: HTTP Authoritative DNS server determines IPv4/IPv6 for client-webserver communication Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 7
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement step 2: DNS Delegating DNS server determines IPv4/IPv6 for resolver-authritative DNS communication Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 8
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Submeasurements DNS DNS DNS v4 v6 both HTTP h4.d4 h4.d6 - v4 HTTP h6.d4 - - v6 HTTP - - hb.db both Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 9
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Data collected HTTP custom logs: 1.1.1.1 1273045440 s514725759.h4.d4.example.com "User-agent" 1.1.1.1 1273045440 s514725759.h4.d6.example.com "User-agent" 2010:6:5::1 1273045440 s514725759.hb.db.example.com "User-agent" 2010:6:5::1 1273045440 s514725759.h6.d4.example.com "User-agent" DNS query logs: 05-May-2010 09:44:00.531 client 2.2.2.2#30122: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d4.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.541 client 2.2.2.2#27174: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d4.example.com IN AAAA -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.575 client 2.2.2.2#42035: view external: query: s514725759.hb.db.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.583 client 2.2.2.2#35884: view external: query: s514725759.hb.db.example.com IN AAAA -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.593 client 2.2.2.2#1925: view external: query: s514725759.h6.d4.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.606 client 2.2.2.2#6064: view external: query: s514725759.h6.d4.example.com IN AAAA -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.552 client 2010:6:5::2#30403: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d6.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.562 client 2010:6:5::2#38536: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d6.example.com IN AAAA -E Mix-and-match: 05-May-2010 09:44:00.531 client 2.2.2.2#30122: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d4.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.541 client 2.2.2.2#27174: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d4.example.com IN AAAA -E 1.1.1.1 1273045440 s514725759.h4.d4.example.com "User-agent" 05-May-2010 09:44:00.575 client 2.2.2.2#42035: view external: query: s514725759.hb.db.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.583 client 2.2.2.2#35884: view external: query: s514725759.hb.db.example.com IN AAAA -E 2010:6:5::1 1273045440 s514725759.hb.db.example.com "User-agent" 05-May-2010 09:44:00.593 client 2.2.2.2#1925: view external: query: s514725759.h6.d4.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.606 client 2.2.2.2#6064: view external: query: s514725759.h6.d4.example.com IN AAAA -E 2010:6:5::1 1273045440 s514725759.h6.d4.example.com "User-agent" 05-May-2010 09:44:00.552 client 2010:6:5::2#30403: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d6.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.562 client 2010:6:5::2#38536: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d6.example.com IN AAAA -E 1.1.1.1 1273045440 s514725759.h4.d6.example.com "User-agent" Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 10
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Details, details • UniqID in domain name llows for correlation of the 4 sub-measurements - Forces DNS lookup • Low DNS RR TTL (just to be sure) • Measurements are limited to 1 run of the script per day per client • Local (NCC) traffic filtered out • Measurement bias on clients: - Only visitors to site that hosts measurement-script - Clients that use javascript (>95%) Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 11
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement results http://www.ripe.net
RIPE Network Coordination Centre IPv6 for clients/resolvers for www.ripe.net RIPE meeting Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 13
RIPE Network Coordination Centre “Native” IPv6 Native: not-autotunneled (ie. No Teredo, 6to4) Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 14
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Native IPv6 at country level Native: not-autotunneled (ie. No Teredo, 6to4) Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 15
RIPE Network Coordination Centre And at the AS level May 2010 Total IPv6 %IPv6 ASes with resolvers 12021 591 4.9% ASes with web clients 13690 530 3.8% Compare to: ASes seen in RIS 34563 2125 6.1% Indication of populations at various stages of deployment Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 16
RIPE Network Coordination Centre IPv4/IPv6 performance clients/resolvers to www.ripe.net Coop with Geoff Huston/George Michaelson (APNIC) Transition technologies have serious performance impacts: Do you want your clients to encounter delays like this when going to an IPv6 website? Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 17
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Same AS? • Are things in the same AS? n Same Different Mixed AS AS AS v4 HTTP v6 HTTP 8k 64% 36% N/A (native) v4 HTTP v4 DNS 520k 79% 19% 2.2% v6 HTTP v4 DNS 25k 20% 76% 4.2% v6 HTTP v4 DNS 8k 61% 36% 2.4% (native) v4 HTTP v6 DNS 31k 61% 38% 0.6% v4 HTTP v6 DNS 29k 64% 35% 0.5% (native) Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 18
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Random facts • Googlebot does javascript • In 5% of measurements we see 2 large providers of DNS services cause clientAS != resolverAS • At least 10% of client v4 AS != client v6 AS caused by ASes involved in tunnel brokering Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 19
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Host IDs Classification method: David Malone, PAM 2008 Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 20
RIPE Network Coordination Centre What’s next • Keep this running, we live in interesting times • We want more data, on Joe Average Internet user in specific regions - You can participate! - hosting a piece of javascript on a webpage - Ask me ===================> - Questions,comments? - emile.aben@ripe.net Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 21
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Questions? Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 22
RIPE Network Coordination Centre Within the AS Delegating DNS server determines IPv4/IPv6 for resolver-authritative DNS communication Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 23

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Measuring IPv6 at web clients and caching resolvers

  • 1. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measuring IPv6 at web clients and caching resolvers Emile Aben emile.aben@ripe.net Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 1
  • 2. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Introduction • We want more insight into IPv6 deployment • IPv6 deployment numbers: - Routing table: 6% of ASes - Web traffic: 0.25% - 2 % of web clients • Where is the difference? • Measure IPv6 connectivity of end-user combined with ISP infrastructure Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 2
  • 3. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement start Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 3
  • 4. RIPE Network Coordination Centre HTTP measurements Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 4
  • 5. RIPE Network Coordination Centre DNS measurements Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 5
  • 6. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement step 1: javascript • Web client visits site (www.ripe.net) and fetches piece of javascript • Script creates a uniqID and causes 4 image lookups: <uniqID>.h4.d6.example.com/img.png?<uniqID>.h4.d6 <uniqID>.h6.d4.example.com/img.png?<uniqID>.h6.d4 <uniqID>.hb.db.example.com/img.png?<uniqID>.hb.db <uniqID>.h4.d4.example.com/img.png?<uniqID>.h4.d6 • h-label: HTTP connectivity (h4,h6,hb) • d-label: DNS connectivity (d4,d6,db) Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 6
  • 7. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement step 3: HTTP Authoritative DNS server determines IPv4/IPv6 for client-webserver communication Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 7
  • 8. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement step 2: DNS Delegating DNS server determines IPv4/IPv6 for resolver-authritative DNS communication Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 8
  • 9. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Submeasurements DNS DNS DNS v4 v6 both HTTP h4.d4 h4.d6 - v4 HTTP h6.d4 - - v6 HTTP - - hb.db both Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 9
  • 10. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Data collected HTTP custom logs: 1.1.1.1 1273045440 s514725759.h4.d4.example.com "User-agent" 1.1.1.1 1273045440 s514725759.h4.d6.example.com "User-agent" 2010:6:5::1 1273045440 s514725759.hb.db.example.com "User-agent" 2010:6:5::1 1273045440 s514725759.h6.d4.example.com "User-agent" DNS query logs: 05-May-2010 09:44:00.531 client 2.2.2.2#30122: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d4.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.541 client 2.2.2.2#27174: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d4.example.com IN AAAA -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.575 client 2.2.2.2#42035: view external: query: s514725759.hb.db.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.583 client 2.2.2.2#35884: view external: query: s514725759.hb.db.example.com IN AAAA -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.593 client 2.2.2.2#1925: view external: query: s514725759.h6.d4.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.606 client 2.2.2.2#6064: view external: query: s514725759.h6.d4.example.com IN AAAA -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.552 client 2010:6:5::2#30403: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d6.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.562 client 2010:6:5::2#38536: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d6.example.com IN AAAA -E Mix-and-match: 05-May-2010 09:44:00.531 client 2.2.2.2#30122: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d4.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.541 client 2.2.2.2#27174: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d4.example.com IN AAAA -E 1.1.1.1 1273045440 s514725759.h4.d4.example.com "User-agent" 05-May-2010 09:44:00.575 client 2.2.2.2#42035: view external: query: s514725759.hb.db.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.583 client 2.2.2.2#35884: view external: query: s514725759.hb.db.example.com IN AAAA -E 2010:6:5::1 1273045440 s514725759.hb.db.example.com "User-agent" 05-May-2010 09:44:00.593 client 2.2.2.2#1925: view external: query: s514725759.h6.d4.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.606 client 2.2.2.2#6064: view external: query: s514725759.h6.d4.example.com IN AAAA -E 2010:6:5::1 1273045440 s514725759.h6.d4.example.com "User-agent" 05-May-2010 09:44:00.552 client 2010:6:5::2#30403: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d6.example.com IN A -E 05-May-2010 09:44:00.562 client 2010:6:5::2#38536: view external: query: s514725759.h4.d6.example.com IN AAAA -E 1.1.1.1 1273045440 s514725759.h4.d6.example.com "User-agent" Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 10
  • 11. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Details, details • UniqID in domain name llows for correlation of the 4 sub-measurements - Forces DNS lookup • Low DNS RR TTL (just to be sure) • Measurements are limited to 1 run of the script per day per client • Local (NCC) traffic filtered out • Measurement bias on clients: - Only visitors to site that hosts measurement-script - Clients that use javascript (>95%) Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 11
  • 12. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Measurement results http://www.ripe.net
  • 13. RIPE Network Coordination Centre IPv6 for clients/resolvers for www.ripe.net RIPE meeting Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 13
  • 14. RIPE Network Coordination Centre “Native” IPv6 Native: not-autotunneled (ie. No Teredo, 6to4) Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 14
  • 15. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Native IPv6 at country level Native: not-autotunneled (ie. No Teredo, 6to4) Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 15
  • 16. RIPE Network Coordination Centre And at the AS level May 2010 Total IPv6 %IPv6 ASes with resolvers 12021 591 4.9% ASes with web clients 13690 530 3.8% Compare to: ASes seen in RIS 34563 2125 6.1% Indication of populations at various stages of deployment Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 16
  • 17. RIPE Network Coordination Centre IPv4/IPv6 performance clients/resolvers to www.ripe.net Coop with Geoff Huston/George Michaelson (APNIC) Transition technologies have serious performance impacts: Do you want your clients to encounter delays like this when going to an IPv6 website? Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 17
  • 18. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Same AS? • Are things in the same AS? n Same Different Mixed AS AS AS v4 HTTP v6 HTTP 8k 64% 36% N/A (native) v4 HTTP v4 DNS 520k 79% 19% 2.2% v6 HTTP v4 DNS 25k 20% 76% 4.2% v6 HTTP v4 DNS 8k 61% 36% 2.4% (native) v4 HTTP v6 DNS 31k 61% 38% 0.6% v4 HTTP v6 DNS 29k 64% 35% 0.5% (native) Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 18
  • 19. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Random facts • Googlebot does javascript • In 5% of measurements we see 2 large providers of DNS services cause clientAS != resolverAS • At least 10% of client v4 AS != client v6 AS caused by ASes involved in tunnel brokering Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 19
  • 20. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Host IDs Classification method: David Malone, PAM 2008 Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 20
  • 21. RIPE Network Coordination Centre What’s next • Keep this running, we live in interesting times • We want more data, on Joe Average Internet user in specific regions - You can participate! - hosting a piece of javascript on a webpage - Ask me ===================> - Questions,comments? - emile.aben@ripe.net Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 21
  • 22. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Questions? Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 22
  • 23. RIPE Network Coordination Centre Within the AS Delegating DNS server determines IPv4/IPv6 for resolver-authritative DNS communication Emile Aben IPv6 Conference 2010 - Amman, Jordan http://www.ripe.net 23