The document introduces MapReduce 2 and YARN, which were designed to address limitations in MapReduce 1. YARN allows for decoupling of MapReduce processing from cluster resource management, enabling better resource utilization and support for additional applications beyond MapReduce. It separates resource management from job scheduling and processing, with a centralized ResourceManager and per-node NodeManagers. This improves scalability and high availability. The new architecture also allows for containers with variable resource limits rather than fixed slot types.