The document discusses the four species of duck found in France - the mallard, teal, wigeon, and tufted duck. It describes the physical characteristics and behaviors of each species, including their size, plumage coloration, feeding habits, mating practices, and migration patterns. The document also notes that while the mallard is the most common duck nationwide, the other three species have more localized populations depending on habitat.

3. !"#$%
!"#$%&'$%("))*(+$%,-'%&'$%"(+.$+'$%'#+('+.'##'#+%"/'0%&'$%"#.1"-23%&'$%&.'#$%'#+('%
$0.'#0'%'+%"(+3%'#+('%0*##".$$"#0'%4'%&5"#.1"&%'+%6"$0.#"+.*#%)*-(%$"%7'"-+83%*#+%
+*-9*-($%8+8%8+(*.+$:;#%&5"%('1"(,-8%0'$%4'(#.'($%+'1)$3%&'$%"#.1"-2%$*#+%)"(+*-+:%
<0+'-($%(8=-&.'($%4'$%$)*+$%)-7&.0.+".('$3%.&$%$*#+%"-$$.%4'%)&-$%'#%)&-$%)(8$'#+$%
$-(%&'$%0.1".$'$%4'$%1-$8'$:%
>"-/"='% *-% 4*1'$+.,-83% &5"#.1"&% 0*#$+.+-'3% 4')-.$% &'$% *(.=.#'$3% -#'% $*-(0'%
45.#$).("+.*#%)*-(%&5?*11':%!'$%)"(*.$%4'$%=(*++'$%)(8?.$+*(.,-'$%"-2%0(8"+.*#$%
0*#+'1)*(".#'$% &'$% )&-$% 480*#0'(+"#+'$3% $"% (')(8$'#+"+.*#% '$+% *1#.)(8$'#+':%
@5"#.1"&%'$+%4')-.$%&*#=+'1)$%-#'%.0A#'%4'%&"%1*4'%,-.%'#%('&B/'%7.'#%)&-$%$-(%
#*+('%.4'#+.+8%)(*6*#4'3%'#%('0?'(0?'%)'()8+-'&&'%45-#%('+*-(%'+%45-#'%0*11-C
#.*#%)"(6".+'%"/'0%&"%#"+-('%D%&",-'&&'%#*-$%"))"(+'#*#$:
@'%1"="E.#'%<#.1"(+%05'$+%&"%+("#$/'($"&.+8%'#+('%&"%0-&+-('3%&'$%"#.1"-2%'+%&5"(+:
&'

4. &'

5. (%))*#+!
.56).+.)2%&'
H*-$%0'%,-5.&%#'%6"-+%)"$%
&*-)'(
&'
()*+($8&*+(9*)(*1.%&'
@"%&.0*(#'
-0
!"#$%&'
!*$$.'(%$)80."&F@'%?.7*I.$+*.('$%'+%$J17*&'$
,0()*+(,&-()%&,0(12&'
@5*-($F<(+%0*#+'1)(*(".#
()*+(,&-()%&,.&#*)/+(&'
G&%6"-+%-#%$*-$C+.+('%.0.
-'
-.
,03"1"%#"4.&#3*)"*%&'
@5"##8'%4-%0?'/"&
-()%&,.&41"#3(*)&
)$+/1"&7777
&,
-/
-1
&.

6. !2!3!)!3$(
%:;<=&=:>?<=:;&:@>?A>B&:=?C:;?B@
!""#$%&'%#()*+%)&),#+-).+')/0)/0102#,,0-)0')30''-0)0()1&20+-)24&-')&(%3&2%0-)"#+")'#+'0")"0")5#-30"6
@'% KL'1'% $"&*#% #"+.*#"&% 4'$% "(+.$+'$% "#.1"&.'(% $5'$+%
48(*-&83%0'++'%"##8'3%$-(%-#'%4-(8'%'20')+.*##'&&'%4'%
K%$'1".#'$:%
@"% 6(8,-'#+"+.*#% 4'$% $"&*#$% "% (')(.$% $*#% (J+?1'% 4'%
0(*.$$"#0':%M#%$-00B$%,-.%#'%$'%481"#+%)"$:%N"))'&C
&*#$%,-'%&'%>O<<%"%)*-(%/*0"+.*#%45P+('%D%&580*-+'%4'%
)("+.,-'%"(+.$+.,-'%0*#+'1)*(".#'3%+*-+%'#%0*#$'(/"#+%
$*#%.#+'('+%)*-(%&'$%)("+.,-'$%+("4.+.*#'&&'$%4"#$%&"%&.C
=#8'%4'$%=("#4$%1".+('$%4'%&5"(+%"#.1"&.'(:
G&%)"(+.0.)'%8="&'1'#+%D%&"%)(.$'%4'%0*#$0.'#0'%4-%)-C
7&.0%"%&58="(4%4'%&"%7.*4./'($.+8:%
@'% >O<<% 480*-/('% 0?",-'% "##8'% 4'% #*-/'"-% +"&'#+%
=(Q0'%D%&"%0*1)8+'#0'%4'$%1'17('$%4-%9-(J:%@'%9-(J%
"%)*-(%1.$$.*#%4'%('+'#.(%-#'%0'#+".#'%4'%)"(+.0.)"#+$%
&'
'#%+'#"#+%0*1)+'%)*-(%0?"0-#'%4'$%*'-/('$%)(8$'#+8'$%
4'$% ,-"&.+8$% )&"$+.,-'$3% ).0+*("&'$% '+% =(")?.,-'$% "/'0%
-#'% "++'#+.*#% )"(+.0-&.B('% )*-(% 4'$% +'0?#.,-'$% *(.=.C
#"&'$%*-%&"%(')(8$'#+"+.*#%45'$)'0'%("('1'#+%)(*)*$8':
@"%)(8$'#+"+.*#%4'$%*'-/('$%'$+%"#*#J1':%@'$%#*1$%'+%
$.=#"+-('$%$*#+%1"$,-8'$:%<-0-#%1'17('%4'%&5*(="#.C
$"+.*#%4-%>O<<%#'%6".+%)"(+.%4-%9-(J:
R'%$"&*#%"%&.'-%0?",-'%"##8'%"%S(JC$-(CT"(#'%"%&5?*+'&%
4'%T"&'$+(*.+%3%)(*0?".#%('#4'E%/*-$%4-%L%"-%UL%</(.&%
UVWX:
@.'#%Y%"(+.$+'$C"#.1"&.'($:0*1

7. A:;<=&D0:@>&:=?C:;?B@&DE&
FGBCB&HBA>?I
:;&DB&+J=?K<E>B
!80*-/(.(3%$581'(/'.&&'(3%)"(+"='(:::
!')-.$%&'%+*-+%)('1.'(%Z'$+./"&3%&'$%'2)*$.+.*#$%4-%$"C
&*#%45"(+%"#.1"&.'(%*66('#+%"-%)-7&.0%&5*))*(+-#.+8%4'%
480*-/(.(%$*-$%-#%"#=&'%"(+.$+.,-'%+*-+%-#%1*#4'%$"-C
/"='%D%+("/'($%&'$%*'-/('$%,-'%)(*)*$'#+%)'.#+('$3%)?*C
+*=(")?'$3%$0-)+'-($%'#%4./'($%&.'-%4'%&"%1"#.6'$+"+.*#:
>*-$% &'% 0?").+'"-% 4-% Z*(-1% 4'% &"% #"+-('3% "-% T-$8'%
N"*-&%N*J'(3%D%&"%R?")'&&'%S*-0"(43%&'$%"(+.$+'$%$'(*#+%
)(8$'#+$% )*-(% 80?"#='(% $-(% &'-(% +'0?#.,-'% ('$)'0+./'%
'+%)"(+"='(%&'-(%)"$$.*#%)*-(%&"%#"+-(':%;-/'(+%+*-$%&'$%
9*-($% 4'% WV?% D% W[?KV% "00B$% &.7('% 4-% WU% "-% UV%</(.&%
UVWX:
@.'#%Y%18#.=*-+'C6'$+./"&:*(=
#<=HJ@B=LB&;0:@>&B>&;:&C:=?M@B&
;BA&:=?C:EN&D:=A&;0O?A><?@B&
DBA&O<CCBA7
<)(B$%"/*.(%'2)&*(8%'#%UVWK%&"%,-'$+.*#%4'$%0*-&'-($%
"/'0%&'$%8&B/'$3%T.0?'&%"$+*-('"-%$'%)(*)*$'%4'%&'-(%
48/*.&'(%$*#%+("/".&%'+%$*#%.#+'('+%+*-+%)"(+.0-&.'(%)*-(%
&'$% "#.1"-23% &'-($% 1-&+.)&'$% (')(8$'#+"+.*#$% '+% &"% 6"C
]*#% 4*#+% &'(% ('&"+.*#% D% &5?*11'% $5'$+% )'-% D% )'-% 6".+%
-#'%)&"0'%4"#$%&5?.$+*.('%4'$%?*11'$3%0'&&'%,-580(./'%
&'$% ?.$+*(.'#$3% '+% ,-.% )'#4"#+% &*#=+'1)$% #5"% "00*(48%
,-5-#'%+*-+'%)'+.+'%)&"0'%D%4'$%"#.1"-2%)*-(+"#+%+(B$%
)(8$'#+$%4"#$%#*+('%,-*+.4.'#:
(*0?".#%('#4'EC/*-$%D%&5"-4.+*(.-1%4-%@*-/('%$*-$%
&"%)J("1.4'%&'%WL%</(.&%UVWX%D%W^?
&'

8. &,

9. 4%56(
dfhsdkjfhsdj hfjkdhs kgh ghfs g gjhghjgfs
hjghjghjghjfs g jghjsg gj g f fg gh gyfjhsghj
gj gfhjs ghjghf hfkjhfks hjkh hf h fhjkfhsdjkhfsdgfhsdgfhsdgfhjsd ghhgfshjg ghfgh gbfgd vbfv
gffgfhjgsdh g fhsgfsj.
&/

10. !"#!$%&'()!
Z*0-$%$-(%&'$%_("#4$C!-0$
@'$%,-"+('%'$)B0'$%4'%?.7*-2%,-'%&5*#+%)'-+%
('#0*#+('(%'#%Z("#0'
!*+%,-#!.#!/0!,(%1
!"#$%&'(#()*#(+")%,-"
R5'$+%$`('1'#+%D%&-.%,-'%&5*#%4*.+%&5"))'&&"C
+.*#% 4'% 4-0:% !-0% )*-(% 1*#+('(% &"% #*7&'$$'%
4'%&5*.$'"-:%R5'$+%-#%4'$%)&-$%=(*$%'+%1"9'$C
+-'-2%4'%&5"/.6"-#'%6("#]".$':
@*#=-'-(%Y%LV%01
a#/'(=-('%Y%9-$,-5D%W[V%01
!
!
!
*.4$%4-%1Q&'%Y%U%b=%*.4$%4'%&"%6'1'&&'%Y%U3c%
b=%d0*11'%0?'E%)('$,-'%+*-$%&'$%(")"0'$%&"%
6'1'&&'%'$+%)&-$%=(*$$'%,-'%&'%1Q&'e:
R5'$+%-#%0*$+"-4%"-%0*()$%1"$$.6:%>'$%".&'$%
$*#+%)-.$$"#+'$%&*#=-'$3%&"(='$%'+%"((*#4.'$:%
C
&'-(% 9"-#Q+('% 0*#$+'&&8% 4'% +Q0?'$% $*17('$:%
>'$%*('.&&'$3%"))'&8'%".=('++'3%$*#+%7(-#%#*.(:%
G&%'$+%"(18%45-#%7'0%0(*0?-%'+%8)".$%4'%0*-C
&'-(% #*.(':% @'$% )"++'$% $*#+% ('0*-/'(+'$% 4'%
)&-1'$:%;#%)'-+%('0*##"f+('%&5Q='%"))(*2.C
1"+.6% 45-#% =("#4% g4-0% D% &"% 0*-&'-(% 4'% $'$%
J'-2:% G&$% $*#+% 9"-#'$% ,-"#4% &5*.$'"-% '$+%
9-/8#.&'$3% *("#='% &*($,-5.&% '$+% "4-&+'% '+% 4'%
)&-$%'#%)&-$%(*-='$%"-%6-(%'+%D%1'$-('%,-5.&%
/.'.&&.+:
G&%6(8,-'#+'%&'$%/"&&8'$%"/'0%4'$%+'((".#$%(*C
0?'-2%('0*-/'(+%4'%/8=8+"+.*#:%G&%#5'$+%)(8C
$'#+%,-5D%&5a$+%45-#'%&.=#'%,-.%/"%4'%S."((.+E%
&1

11. "-%_("#4%4-0?8%4-%@-2'17*-(=:%
G&% #5J% "% ")$% 4'% =("#4$C4-0$% '#%
R*($':% @'% =("#4C4-0% #5'$+% )"$%
1.=("+'-(:% R5'$+% -#% *.$'"-% $*&.C
+".('%,-.%'$+%+*+"&'1'#+%%#*0+-(#':%
G&% )"$$'% &"% 9*-(#8'% 4"#$% -#% +(*-%
4'% (*0?'(% *-% "-% ).'4% 45-#% 7-.$C
$*#:
)"7&'%4'%)P0?'(%4'$%)*.$$*#$%4'% Z("#0':
7'&&'%+".&&':
@5?./'(3%#*+('%+'((.+*.('%"00-'.&&'%
@'% 0(.% 4-% =("#4C4-0% '$+% "-4.7&'% 4'% #*17('-2% 1.=("+'-($% /'#-$%
'#% ?./'(:% R5'$+% '#% =8#8("&% -#% 4-%O*(4%'+%&5a$+:
&*#=%?-&-&'1'#+%,-.%)'-+%$'%6".('%
'#+'#4('% 9-$,-5D% X% b1:% "(6*.$3% R'$% *.$'"-2% $'% ('=(*-)'#+% '#%
.&% 81'+% 4'$% 7*(7*(J=1'$% $'1C 4*(+*.(% )*-(% 4*(1.(% )'#4"#+% &"%
7&"7&'$%"-2%7*-=*##'1'#+$%45-#% 9*-(#8':% G&% #5'$+% )"$% ("('% 4'% &'$%
@"% )8(.*4'% 4'% (')(*4-0+.*#% *0C /.'-2% 7*#?*11'% =(.#0?'-2% '#% $-()('#4('% '#% =("#4% #*17('%
d)&-$.'-($% 4.E".#'$e% )'(0?8$% $-(%
0-)'% )('$,-'% &"% 1*.+.8% 4'% &5"#C 0*&B(':
&'%1P1'%"(7(':
#8':%a&&'%0*11'#0'%"-%487-+%4'%
&5?./'(%)"(%&'$%('0?'(0?'$%4-%)"(C @"% )*)-&"+.*#% 6("#]".$'% '$+.18'%
G&% $'% #*-((.+% 4'% )'+.+$% (*#='-($%
+'#".('% '+% &'$% )"("4'$:% @"% )*#+'% D%WVVV%0*-)&'$%$'17&'%P+('%$+"7.C
1".$% 8="&'1'#+% 4'% 1*.#'"-2%
dU%D%K%h-6$%7&"#0$e%"%&.'-%4'%9"#C &.$8'% 4"#$% &'$% E*#'$% *i% &5'1)&*.%
,-5.&%0?"$$'%"-%/*&:
/.'(%D%1"($:%@5.#0-7"+.*#%4-('%L% 4'$%.#$'0+.0.4'$%'$+%(".$*##"7&':%
$'1".#'$% 4"#$% -#% #.4% $*11".('%
G&% )*#4% 4"#$% -#% /.'-2% #.4% 4'%
!"#./0,)#1,2"'3()*
6".+%D%+'(('%$-(%-#%(')&"+%4'%(*0?':%
0*(#'.&&'% *-% 4'% ).'3% K% D% ^% h-6$%
@'$%)'+.+$%#'%&'%,-.++'#+%,-5")(B$% @*#=-'-(%Y%K^%01
7&"#0$:% @'$% )'+.+$% #".$$'#+% ")(B$%
'#/.(*#% U% 1*.$:% @"% 1"+-(.+8%
^%$'1".#'$%45.#0-7"+.*#3%,-.++'#+%
$'2-'&&'% "((./'% "-% 0*-($% 4'% &"% a#/'(=-('%Y%9-$,-5D%WVV%01
&'%#.4%")(B$%K%$'1".#'$%'+%('$+'#+%
+(*.$.B1'% "##8':% M#% =("#4C4-0%
"&*($% =(*-)8$% D% )(*2.1.+8:% a#%
*.4$% 4-% 1Q&'% Y% UjV% =% *.4$% 4'%
)'-+%/./('%'#/.(*#%UV%"#$:
0"$%4'%4"#='(3%&'$%9'-#'$%'#0*('%
&"% 6'1'&&'% Y% KLV% =% d.&% '$+% 8+*#C
('0*-/'(+$%4'%4-/'+%7&"#0%+'#+'#+%
@'% =("#4C4-0% '$+% -#% ('4*-+"7&'% #"11'#+% &8='(% "-% ('="(4% 4'% $'$%
45.1)('$$.*##'(% &'$% )(84"+'-($:%
0?"$$'-(%,-.%$'%#*-((.+%4'%&").#$3% 1'#$-("+.*#$3%0'%,-.%$+%&'%0"$%4'%
G&$% 87*-(.66'#+% &'-($% )&-1'$% '+%
4'% 0"#"(4$3% 4'% 0*(/.48$% '+% "-$$.% &"%)&-)"(+%4'$%(")"0'$%#*0+-(#'$e:
6*#+% 6"0'% 0*-("='-$'1'#+% '#%
4'% (")"0'$% 4.-(#'$% '+% #*0+-(#'$:%
81'++"#+% 4'$% $*#$% 4.$$-"$.6$% '+%
!"#$%0'(+".#'$%(8=.*#$%&'$%)*)-C G&% "% -#'% $.&?*-'++'% 8&"#08':% >'$%
4.$)(*)*(+.*##8$:
&"+.*#$% 4'% =("#4$C4-0$% 8/*&-'#+% *('.&&'$% $*#+% &*#=-'$% '+% +(B$% /.C
"-%48+(.1'#+%4'%0'&&'$%4'%6"-0*#$% $.7&'$:% @'% )&-1"='% 4-% 0*()$% '$+%
7(-#% 9"-#Q+('% "/'0% -#% 1*-0?'C
)B&'(.#$:
+"='%4'%+Q0?'$%7(-#%6*#08:
@'% =("#4C4-0% '$+% 8="&'1'#+% 0"C
G&%'$+%)(8$'#+%'+%#.0?'%)"(+*-+%'#%
&7

12. !"# ./0,)# -"4/43()*# ,)# 0*11'%4'$%&-0"#'$3%4'$%=(.&&*#$3% *.4$%Y%'#+('%U^V%=%'+%XUV%=
-"4/43()*
4'$% )").&&*#$% #*0+-(#'$% 1".$%
"-$$.%45*.$'"-2%4'%)'+.+'%+".&&'%'+% @'% 7'0% '$+% #*.(% '+% 0(*0?-:% @5h.&%
R5'$+%-#%)'+.+%+(")-:
'$+%9"-#'%'+%=(*$:
4'%7"+("0.'#$:
@*#=-'-(%Y%UV%01
a#/'(=-('%Y%cV%01
*.4$%4-%1Q&'%Y%'#+('%LV%=%'+%WKV%
=:5-#'% 0*-&'-(% +.("#+% $-(% &'% =(.$%
7&'-+8:%
>"%0*-&'-(%'$+%=(.$C7(-#:%@'%7'0%
'$+% 6*(+% &"% 6"0'% '$+% ")&"+.'% "/'0%
4'$% *('.&&'$% 0*-(+'$:% @5h.&% '$+%
=(*$%4'%0*-&'-(%9"-#'%0.+(*#:%@'$%
)"++'$%$*#+%$*&.4'$%'+%('0*-/'(+'$%
4'%)&-1'$:
G&% ".1'% &"% 0?"&'-(% '+% &'% $*&'.&:%
R5'$+%-#%1.=("+'-(%,-.%)"$$'%&5?.C
/'(% $*-$% &'$% +(*).,-'$% "6(.0".#$%
4-% >8#8="&% D% &5a+?.*).'% '+% 4"#$%
&'%$-4%4'%&5a-(*)':%N'/'#-%)*-(%
#.0?'(%'#%Z("#0'3%.&%#'%)"$$'%)"$%
&'%#*(4%4'%&"%@*.('%D%&5'20')+.*#%
4'$%48)"(+'1'#+$%4-%S"$CN?.#%'+%
4'%&5k*##':%G&%'$+%"7$'#+%"-$$.%4-%
0'#+('%'+%4'%&"%(8=.*#%&.1.+(*)?'%
4'$% J(8#8'$:% G&% ('$+'% 4'% 1"($% D%
$')+'17(':
G&% $'% #*-((.+% 4'% =(*$% .#$'0+'$%
-&
G&% '$+% )(8$'#+% +*-+'% &5"##8'% '#%
Z("#0'% "-% % #*(4% 45-#'% &.=#'% "&C
&"#+% 4'% S."((.+E% D% >+("$7*-(=% '+%
8="&'1'#+%4"#$%&"%)*.#+'%$-4C'$+%
4-% +'((.+*.(':% @'$% )*)-&"+.*#$% $'%
('#6*(0'#+% '#% ?./'(% 4'% 1.=("C
+'-($% /'#-$% 45a-(*)'% $')+'#C
+(.*#"&':% R'$% *.$'"-23% 0*11'%
&'$% 1*J'#$C4-0$3% $'% ('=(*-)'#+%
'#% 4*(+*.($:% M#'% 4.E".#'% 45.#4.C
!"# ./0,)5# ("6# 1&%&/6# /.4-$% $'% ('+(*-/'#+% "&*($% "-% $*&%
,)#./0,)#0%&*.2,4"
)*-(% )"$$'(% &"% #-.+:% @"% 6'1'&&'%
)*#4%^%D%c%h-6$%7&"#0$%D%1P1'%
Z&"11'-$% d0*-&'-(% 4'% 6'-e% $*-C &'%$*&:%@5.#0-7"+.*#%4-('%'#/.(*#%
&.=#'% $"% 0*-&'-(% )&-+A+% (*-$$'% X%$'1".#'$:%@'%?.7*-%4'$%1"(".$%
)*-%-#%?.7*-:%G&%'$+%7("0?J*+'3%0'% $'%#*-((.+%4'%)'+.+$%(*#='-($%'+%4'%
)'+.+$%*.$'"-2:
G&%'$+%4'$%1"(".$3%0'%,-.%&".$$'%'#C
+'#4('%,-5.&%6(8,-'#+'%/*&*#+.'($% .,1,'21"6
&'$%'#4(*.+$%1*-.&&8$%1".$%0'%,-.%
#'%/'-+%)"$%4.('%)*-(%"-+"#+%,-5.&% @'$% ?.7*-2% 7&"#03% #*.(% '+% (*-='%
$'% #*-((.+% '#% )P0?"#+:% G&% "% -#'% $*#+%4'$%08)"='$%$"/*J"(4$:
"&&-('% "&&*#=8'% 1"&=(8% 4'$% ".&'$%
@'$%?.7*-2%4"#$%&"%0-&+-('
"((*#4.'$:
!"#$%&"%_(B0'%<#+.,-'3%&'%?.7*-%
@*#=-'-(%Y%Kj%01
'$+%0*#$"0(8%D%&"%48'$$'%<+?8#"3%
48'$$'% 4'% &"% =-'(('% '+% 4'% &"% $"C
a#/'(=-('%Y%WV^%01
='$$'3%'#+('%"-+('$:%G&%'$+%('0*##-%
G&% #.0?'% 4"#$% -#% "(7('% 0('-2:%
@'$%h-6$%$*#+%7&"#0$%'+%80&*$'#+%
")(B$%U^%9*-($%45.#0-7"+.*#:%R'$%
*.$'"-23%&"(='1'#+%.#68*48$%)*-(%
&'-(% "&.1'#+"+.*#% "-2% )*)-&"C
+.*#$% 45.#$'0+'$3% $*#+% 1'#"08$%
)"(%&'$%.#$'0+.0.4'$%,-.%('#4'#+%&"%
#*-((.+-('%)&-$%("('%'+%$+8(.&.$'#+%
&'$%h-6$:

13. )*-(% $"% =("#4'% $"='$$'% '+% $"%
/.=.&"#0':% %<% &"% #-.+% +*178'3%
$*#% /*&% )(8$"='".+% -#'% ?'-C
('-$'% #*-/'&&':% >*#% $.&'#0'%
&'%('#4".+%4'%7*#%"-=-('3%$*#%
"))"(.+.*#%#58+".+%6-#'$+'%,-'%
&*($,-5.&%0?"#+".+:%
1"#.6'$+".+%"-%$*&$+.0'%458+83%
D%&"%6*-4(':%G&%)(*/*,-".+%&"%
$B0?'('$$':%G&%8+".+%0*#$.48(8%
0*11'%-#%"#.1"&%68(*0'%'+%
#86"$+':
>'&*#%&'$%8)*,-'$%'+%&'$%
0-&+-('$%&'%?.7*-%"%)(.$%-#'%
.1"='%+"#+A+%#8="+./'3%+"#+A+%
)*$.+./':%!"#$%+*-$%&'$%0"$3%.&%
('$+'%+*-9*-($%&.8%"-%4*1".#'%
4-%$-(#"+-('&3%4'%&"%1"=.'%'+%
a#% a=J)+'3% .&% '2)(.1'% &'% 4'%&"%$).(.+-"&.+8:%
6(*.43%&"%#-.+%'+%8="&'1'#+%&"%
1*(+:% "("4*2"&'1'#+3% &'% ?.C Z*0-$%$-(%@'%I.7*-%4'%Z(.'C
7*-%'$+%"-$$.%4'%$"='$$'%'+%4'% 4(.0?
0*##".$$"#0':
R"$)"(% !"/.4% Z(.'4(.0?%
a#%R?.#'%<#+.,-'3%&'%?.7*-%
dWLLXCWjXVe%'$+%-#%)'.#+('%'+%
9*-".+%-#%(A&'%.1)*(+"#+%Y%
4'$$.#"+'-(% "&&'1"#43% 0*#$.C
05'$+%-#%"#.1"&%+'((.7&'%,-.%
48(8% 0*11'% &5"(+.$+'% &'% )&-$%
8+".+%0'#$8%48/*('(%$"%1B(':%
G&%$J17*&.$".+%&'%k"#=%'+%
)'.#+-('% (*1"#+.,-'% "&&'C
1P1'%&5'20B$%4'%k"#=:%%G&%$'% 1"#4'%4-%lGlB1'%$.B0&':
R5'$+%'#%+"#+%,-'%$J17*&'%4'%
0&".(/*J"#0'% ,-5'&&'% 0*#$+.C
+-'% &5"++(.7-+% +("4.+.*##'&% 4'$%
4'/.#'('$$'$%'+%4'$%4'/.#$:
>*#% h-/('% m% I.7*-% $-(% -#%
"(7('% n% "% 0*##-% -#'% ?.$+*.('%
)*-(% &'$% 1*.#$% '2+("*(4.C
#".('$%'#%UVWV:%>"%/'#+'%"/".+%
8+8%'$+.18'%WVV%'-(*$%)"(%-#'%
$"&&'% 4'% /'#+':% Z.#"&'1'#+3%
&5h-/('% 6-+% 0848'% c3^% 1.&C
&.*#$% 45'-(*$:% R'++'% /'(+.=.C
#'-$'% "-=1'#+"+.*#% '$+% 4-'%
(8"&.$8%$-(%&5h-/(':%>"#$%0'&"3%
&'%+"7&'"-%4-%)&-$%08&B7('%4'$%
(*1"#+.,-'$%"&&'1"#4$%$'(".+%
('$+8%-#'%/-&=".('%+*.&'%(')(8C
$'#+"#+%-#%(")"0'%#*0+-(#':
O5'$+C0'% )"$% &D% &'% )&-$% 7'&%
'2'1)&'%,-'%&'%?.7*-3%"#.1"&%
#*0+-(#'% 0*##-% 4')-.$% 4'$%
1.&&8#".('$3% ('$+'% '#0*('% D%
7.'#%4'$%8="(4$%1J$+8(.'-2%o
<:_:
--

14. *3#)*68
#)*9#3*#+!(
,:&APCQ<;?REB&DB&;:&,?L<@=B
@"% &.0*(#'% 184.8/"&'% '$+% -#% $J17*&'% 4'% )-.$$"#0'3%
,-5'2)(.1'% '$$'#+.'&&'1'#+% $"% 0*(#'3% 1".$% "-$$.% 4'%
6"$+'% '+% 4'% )-('+8:% !5")(B$% -#'% /.'.&&'% &8='#4'% 4'%
&5G#4'3%&"%&.0*(#'%'$+%4*-8'%45-#%)*-/*.(%1"=.,-':%>"%
0*(#'%$8)"('%&'$%'"-2%)*&&-8'$3%48+'0+'%&'$%)*.$*#$%'+%
#'%)'-+%P+('%+*-0?8'%,-'%)"(%-#'%9'-#'%/.'(=':%
!"#$%&'$%0*#0')+.*#$%184.8/"&'$%4'%&5"1*-(%0*-(+*.$3%
&"%&.0*(#'%'$+%4*-8'%4-%1J$+8(.'-2%)*-(/*.(%4'%4808&'(%
&5.1)-(3%/*.('%1P1'%&"%1*.#4('%"&+8("+.*#%4"#$%&580&"+%
4-%4."1"#+:
@'% ('#*#0'1'#+% $5*))*$'% D% &"% )*$$'$$.*#3% &"% $-(/.C
@"%&.0*(#'%$J17*&.$'%"-$$.%4"#$%&5.0*#*=(")?.'%0?(8C
+.'##'%&"%/.'(='%680*#48'%)"(%&5a$)(.+%>".#+:%a&&'%'$+%&'%
$J17*&'%4'%&"%680*#4.+8%$).(.+-'&&'%'+%"-$$.%&'%$J17*&'%
4'%&"%/.(=.#.+8%)?J$.,-':%a&&'%4'/.'#+%)"(%'2+'#$.*#%&"%
@'% 1J+?'% 4'% &"% &.0*(#'% '$+% 0'&-.% ,-.% 6"$0.#'% &'% )&-$%
&'$%0h-($%0*((*1)-$:%a&&'%'$+%&'%$J17*&'%4'%&"%)-('+8%
"=.$$"#+'3%$-7&.1"#+%&"%/.'%0?"(#'&&':
;#%('+(*-/'%+("0'%4'%&"%0(*J"#0'%"-2%&.0*(#'$%9-$,-5"-%1.&.'-%4-%lpGGB%$.B0&':%<.#$.3%q"#%p"#%
r'$$'&%&'%/.'-2%dWcUcCWcL[e%)'.#+('%"#/'($*.$%0*##-%)*-(%$'$%(')(8$'#+"+.*#$%"#.1"&.B('$%'+%
4'%6"-/'$%$-(%&"%+*-+'%)('1.B('%/-'%4'%$'$%)"##'"-2%0*#$"0(8$%D%&5<18(.,-'3%dS-'#*$%<.('$e:%
R'++'%*'-/('%'$+%4"+8'%/'($%Wccc3%&'%1*J'#C"='%8+".+%7.'#%&*.#3%"&*($%0*11'#+%"C+C.&%)-%.1"C
=.#'(%0'++'%0(8"+-('%'+%&"%$.+-'(%4"#$%&'%#*-/'"-%1*#4'%o%>*#%.#$).("+.*#%"%)(*7"7&'1'#+%8+8%
)-.$8'%4"#$%&5I.$+*(."'%O"+-("&.$%4-%#8'(&"#4".$%q"#%q*#$+*#%dWcVKCWcL^e:%a#%'66'+3%0'$%+(*.$%
0(8"+-('$%$*#+%+(B$%)(*0?'$%4'$%4'$$.#$%4-%+*1'%0*#$"0(8%"-2%,-"4-)B4'$%4'%q*#$+*#%84.+8%
/'($%Wc^VCWc^U:
-0

15. &'

16. @5"(+% 0*#+'1)*(".#%
'#=&*7'% +*-+'$% &'$%
h-/('$% 0(8'$% 4')-.$%
W[X^% D% #*$% 9*-($:% G&%
6".+% $-.+'% D% &5"(+% 1*C
4'(#'%dWj^VCW[X^e:%
*3#)*:;
"*3(;:<*+$
-BA&<E@AS:@>&L<=>BCT<@:?=
70") 8+1-0") /%'0") $#('03,#-&%(0") 9'#((0(') ,&-) 20+-) &+/&$0:) 20+-) (#+;
10&+'9:) ,&-) 20") 3&'%<-0") +'%2%"90") 0') "+"$%'0(') /0") %('0--#=&'%#("6) >()
,0%('+-0:) 20") 8+1-0") ?$#('03,#-&%(0"@) "#(') "#+10(') &."'-&%'0":) (#()
+()3#/<20)#+)/4&,-<")+(),&A"&=0)#+)+(0),B#'#:)24&-'%"'0)$#('03,#-&%()
$-90)/0)'#+'0),%<$0)+()+(%10-")"#-'%)'#+')/-#%')/4#()(0)"&%')#C:)/0)"#()
%3&=%(&%-0:)/0)"#()"+.$#("$%0(':)D
74&-'%"'0)2+%)3E30:)"#+10(':)(0)$#((&F'),&")2&)-9,#("06
@5"(+%0*#+'1)*(".#%"%/8(.+"7&'1'#+%1"(,-8%-#%0?"#='1'#+%4"#$%&5-+.C
&.$"+.*#%4'%&5"#.1"&%Y%&'$%"(+.$+'$%#'%$'%0*#+'#+'#+%)&-$%4'%&'%(')(8$'#+'(3%
&5"#.1"&%'$+%4'/'#-%-#%1"+8(."-%*-%-#%"0+'-(%0'#+("&%4'%&5h-/(':
@'$%"#.1"-2%4"#$%&5"(+%0*11'%&'%1*#+('%0'++'%'2)*$.+.*#%4'%&5"(+.$+'%
.+"&.'##'%"*&"%./.:%R'%)(*9'+%4'%0(8'(%0'$%*-($%4'%4.668('#+'$%0*-&'-($%
&-.%'$+%$*(+.%45-#%$.1)&'%(P/'%45-#'%$'-&'%#-.+:
R5'$+%&5?.$+*.('%45-#%*-($%)*&".('%'+%=(.EE&J%4"#$"#+%'+%$"-+"#+%'#$'17&'%
&-.%$*#+%"))"(-+:%R'%(P/'%&-.%8+".+%+'&&'1'#+%.#$).("#+%,-5'&&'%'#%"%480.48%
4'%1'++('%'#%h-/('%$*#%(P/':%
R5'$+%-#%480*(%4.=#'%4'%0'&-.%4'$%7.$*-#*-($:%
!'%1P1'%"/'0%0'++'%'2)*$.+.*#%@'$%M#.+'4%S-44J%S'"($3%&'%7-+%8+"#+%
45"))'&'(%D%&"%+*&8("#0'%'+%D%&5'#+'#+'%'#+('%&'$%)'-)&'$%'+%&'$%0-&+-('$%
'+%&'$%('&.=.*#$:%R?",-'%*-($%(')(8$'#+'%&5-#%4'$%)"J$%('0*##-%)"(%&'$%
O"+.*#$%M#.'$%'+%"%8+8%0(8'%)"(%-#%"(+.$+'%'#%?*11"='%D%$*#%)"J$%45*(.C
=.#':
@5<#.1"&%#5'$+%(.'#%4'%1*.#$%,-'%&'%)('1.'(
$-9'+%
&5"(+.$+'%.+"&.'##'%"*&"%./.
-=

17. a2)*$.+.*#%m%M#.+'4%S-44J%S'"($%n%D%"(.$%UVWU
s-'&,-'$%('#4'EC/*-$%D%#'%)"$%1"#,-'(%"/'0%&5"(+%0*#+'1)*(".#%Y
C%@5a4.+.*#%UVWX%4'%&"%6*.('%.#+'(#"+.*#"&'%45<(+%R*#+'1)*(".#%dZG<Re%$'%+.'#4("%4-%9'-4.%UK%"-%
4.1"#0?'%Uj%*0+*7('%UVWX%D%"(.$
C%_("#4%1"(0?8%45"(+%0*#+'1)*(".#%4-%W'(%"-%^%1".%UVWX
C%T-$8'%45"(+%0*#+'1)*(".#%D%@J*#
C%S.'##"&'%45"(+%0*#+'1)*(".#%4'%@J*#%WV%$')+'17('%UVW^%"-%K%9"#/.'(%UVWc%
-'

20. *3#)*:;"*3(
:!;5#3!)*
,BA&:=?C:EN&LOBU&+?P:U:V?
@"% (')(8$'#+"+.*#% 4'$% "#.1"-2% 4"#$% &'% 0.#'1"% 4'%
I"J"*% T.J"E"b.% '$+% .#+8('$$"#+':% @'$% "#.1"-2%
$*#+%$*-/'#+%4'$%'$)(.+$3%4'$%r"1.:%@'%+'(1'%r"1.%
48$.=#'%'#%9")*#".$%&'$%4./.#.+8$%*-%'$)(.+$%/8#8(8$%
4"#$% &"% ('&.=.*#% $?.#+*t$+':% @"% ('&.=.*#% '$+% -#% 8&8C
1'#+%6*#4"1'#+"&%4"#$%&"%1"9*(.+8%4'$%*'-/('$%4'%
T.J"E"b.3% )*-(% #'% )"$% 4.('% +*-+'$:% T".$% )*-(% -#%
;00.4'#+"&3%&'%/*.(%*-%&'%0*1)('#4('%#5'$+%)"$%-#'%
1.#0'%"66".(':
H*-+% 45"7*(43% .&% 6"-+% $"/*.(% ,-'% &'% $?.#+*t$1'% '$+%
-#'%('&.=.*#%,-.%#5"%#.%6*#4"+'-(3%#.%4'%)(*)?B+'%'#%
)"(+.0-&.'(:%;#%#'%$"-("%0'(+".#'1'#+%9"1".$%,-"#4%
0'++'%('&.=.*#%'$+%"((./8'3%'+%0'&"%('$+'("%+*-9*-($%-#%
1J$+B(':%*-(+"#+3%'#%^[K3%&'%$?.#+*t$1'%'$+%480&"(8%
-1
('&.=.*#$% "#.1.$+'$3% &'% 0?"1"#.$1'3% ".#$.% ,-'% &'%
7*-44?.$1'3%,-.%"))"(-%'#%^UU:%>'&*#%&'%r*b.9.3%&'%
&./('%$"0(8%('&.=.'-23%.&%J%"-(".+%)&-$%4'%j%VVV%VVV%
4'% 4./.#.+8$% $?.#+*3% "-+"#+% 4.('% ,-'% &'$% 0(*J"#0'$%
$*#+% /(".1'#+% 1-&+.)&'$% '+% /"(.8'$% d@'% q")*#% '$+%
4./.#.+8$ue:
O"-$.0"v% 4'% &"% /"&&8'% 4-% /'#+% dW[jXe% R5'$+% -#%
1*#4'%7.E"(('3%('1)&.'%458+("#='$%0(8"+-('$:%;#%J%
('+(*-/'%'#%)"(+.0-&.'(%4'%=("#4$%.#$'0+'$%4'%&"%+".&&'%
45-#% 0?'/"&% D% &"% +".&&'% 45-#'% =("#4'% 7"&'.#':% @'$%
;?1-% *#+% 4'$% )*-/*.($% 4'% +8&8)"+?.'3% .&$% )'-/'#+%
0*11-#.,-'(%"/'0%O"-$.0"v:

21. 1,'#=,/6/'#4,4,%,#89:@@<#
;#%('+(*-/'%)&'.#%4'%0(8"+-('$%4.668('#+'$:3%!.668('#+$%
H*+*(*% "-$$.% "))'&8% H"#-b.3% &'% 0?"+% 7-$:% TP1'% $.% &"%
=("#4C1B('% 0*##".+% $'$% 4.668('#+'$% 0(8"+-('$% '&&'$% #'%
$*#+% /.$.7&'$% ,-5"% #*$% 9'-#'$% )(*+"=*#.$+'$% T'.% "#4%
>"+$-b.:%R'$%0(8"+-('$%$*#+%4'$%"#.1"-2%1".$%$-(+*-+%
'&&'$%(')(8$'#+'%&'$%'$)(.+$%4'%&"%6*(P+:
-%/'*"66"#1,',',7"#89::;<
('+(*-/'% T*(*3% -#% 4.'-% &*-)3% O"="3% -#% 4.'-% $"#=&.'(%
'+%-#%4.'-%$.#=':%G&$%*#+%4'$%0"("0+8(.$+.,-'$%?-1".#'$%
0*11'%&"%)"(*&':%G&%J%"%-#%4.'-%0'(6%,-.%'$+%&"%$*-(0'%
4'%&"%/.':
!"#=,2&$"#("#*././%,#8>??9<
G&%J%"%4'$%0(8"+-('$%,-.%+("/".&&'%4"#$%-#%8+"7&.$$'1'#+%
4'%7".#$3%4*-0?'$%'+%?"11"1:%@'$%0(8"+-('$%,-.%+("C
/".&&'#+% 4"#$% &58+"7&.$$'1'#+% $'(/'#+% 4'$% '$)(.+$:% G&% J%
"%4'$%=('#*-.&&'$%.&%J%"%-#%?*11'%"/'0%4'$%1'17('$%
45"(".=#8':%I"b-%-#%'$)(.+%4'%&"%(./.B('%$'%+("#$6*(1'%
'#% 4("=*#:%k-7"7"% &"% )"+(*##'% 4'% &58+"7&.$$'1'#+% $'%
+("#$6*(1'% '#% *.$'"-:% @'$% )"('#+$% 4'% R?.?.(*% $*#+%
+("#$6*(18%'#%)*(0:
-,%*,#%,66,#89::><
T"(0*F*(0*%'$+%-#%)'($*##"='%"#+?(*)*1*()?':%M#%
?*11'%"/'0%-#'%+P+'%4'%0*0?*#:%G&%#5J%"%)"$%4'%$.1)&'%
"/"#+% $"% +("#$6*(1"+.*#:% @"% 9'-#'% Z.*% "% -#% 1*1'#+%
&5")'(]*.+%0*11'%-#%?*11':
-7

22. >%+%(5%?!
;0:==JB&DE&LOBI
:;
UVW^:
!"#$%&5"$+(*&*=.'%0?.#*.$'3%&'%0?'/"&%'$+%6*-='-%'+%.#48)'#4"#+%1".$%.&%'$+%$-(+*-+%0.#$.48(8%
0*11'%-#%+("/".&&'-(3%,-.%6".+%)(.1'(%&5"0+.*#3%7(.&&'%)"(%$"%0(8"+./.+8%'+%D%0*#$+'11'#+%7'$*.#%
45"&&'(%4'%&5"/"#+:
)(*=('$$.$+':
s-"#4%D%/*-$3%)"$%,-'$+.*#%4'%/8=8+'(%*-%4'%/*-$%(')*$'(%$-(%4'%,-'&0*#,-'%&"-(.'($%w
@'%0?'/"&%Y%7*##'%)'($)'0+./'%0A+8%$"#+8:%O5'#%6".+'$%)"$%-#%)('+'2+%)*-(%/*-$%#8=&.='(:%@"%/.'%
"-%=("#4%".(3%&'%0*#+"0+%"/'0%&"%#"+-('%$"+.$6'(*#+%'#%/*-$%-#%7'$*.#%)(*6*#4%'+%/*-$%J%)-.$'('E%
-#'%6*(0'%#*-/'&&'%,-.%/*-$%=8#8('('(":
*-(%/*-$%$'#+.(%/(".1'#+%'#%)&'.#'%6*(1'3%0?"$$'E%8#'(=.,-'1'#+%4'%/*+('%'$)(.+%+*-+%("#0-#'3%
+*-+'%.48'%4'%/'#='"#0'3%+*-+'%)'#$8'%#8="+./':
0&

23. 0-

24. 00

25. ?+%5>*#3
36)!+%
,B&%$1*#(2.
@'%>-(.0"+'%'$+%)"(%'20'&&'#0'%&'%$J1C
7*&'%4'%&"%/.=.&"#0'3%4'%&5"++'#+.*#3%4'%&"%
0*?8$.*#%4-%=(*-)'%'+%4'%$*#%*(="#.$"C
+.*#%*(.=.#"&'%)*-(%=-'++'(%'+%489*-'(%&'%
4"#='(%,-.%(*4'%4"#$%&'$%=("#4$%'$)"0'$%
4'%&5<6(.,-'%"-$+("&':
R5'$+%-#'%)'+.+'%1"#=*-$+'%,-.%/.+%4"#$%
4'$%=(*-)'$%45-#'%/.#=+".#'%45-#.+8$:%
!B$%,-'%4'$%$-(.0"+'$%,-.++'#+%&'-(%+'(C
(.'(%)*-(%0?"$$'(%&'-($%)(*.'$3%4'$%$'#+.C
#'&&'$%$'%4('$$'#+%$-(%&'-($%)"++'$%"((.B('%
'#%0?*.$.$$"#+%-#%1*#+.0-&'%45*i%'&&'$%
")'(]*./'#+%&'$%"&'#+*-($:%>.%-#%4"#='(%
('&Q0?'%&'%4"#='(%,-.%)'-+%$'%=&.$$'(%
4"#$%&'$%7(*-$$".&&'$%'+%$-(=.(%4'%+*-$%
0A+8$:
;#%$-))*$'%,-'%0'$%)'+.+'$%1"#=*-$+'$%
1*4-&'#+%&'-($%0(.$%$'&*#%&'%1'$$"='%
,-5'&&'$%/'-&'#+%+("#$1'++('%Y%)(84"+'-(%
"-%$*&3%(")"0'%'#%&5".(3%&'%+'((.'(%'$+%.0.3%%
"++'#+.*#%xx:
!"#$%-#%'#/.(*##'1'#+%$"-/"='3%0'%
)'+.+%"#.1"&%+(B$%/-&#8("7&'%'$+%-#%1*C
4B&'%$-()('#"#+%45*(="#.$"+.*#%$*0."&'%'+%
18(.+'%7.'#%$*#%$-(#*1%4'%$'#+.#'&&'%4-%
48$'(+:
0(.%)*-(%)(8/'#.(%&'$%0?"$$'-($:
R5'$+%0-(.'-2%'+%)('$,-'%"++'#4(.$$"#+%
4'%/*.(3%$-(%&58+'#4-'%$"-/"='%'+%'#%
"))"('#0'%48$'(+'3%-#%$-(.0"+'%.11*C
0.