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Machine learning in Cyber Security

The document discusses how machine learning can enhance cyber security by improving detection, prevention, and response to various cyber threats. It covers different machine learning techniques, such as supervised and unsupervised learning, and their applications in detecting malware, phishing, and DDoS attacks. The conclusion highlights that while machine learning is not a panacea, it is becoming essential for managing security in the face of evolving threats.

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Cyber Security using Machine Learning Rajath V 4MH15IS105 1
Contents ● INTRODUCTION ● LITERATURE SURVEY ● METHODOLOGY ● REAL TIME CASE STUDY ● APPLICATIONS ● ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS ● RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ● CONCLUSION ● SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK ● REFERENCES 2
INTRODUCTION Cyber security is the main focus of companies in recent years but providing security for infrastructure is a monotonous job so we can use the power of machine learning and other data mining techniques. 3
Machine learning A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and performance measure P, if its performance at tasks in T, as measured by P, improves with experience E. 4
Supervised Machine Learning Supervised: Using Recurrent Neural Networks to distinguish between “normal” DNS domains and those generated by Domain Generation Algorithms 5
Unsupervised Machine Learning Unsupervised: Using Self Organizing Maps and clustering techniques to identify anomalous IP traffic 6
Reinforcement Learning Reinforcement Learning: bringing threat intelligence and the end user into the loop 7
8 CYBER SECURITY Cybersecurity is the protection of internet- connected systems, including hardware, software and data, from cyberattacks.
1. Application Security 2. Information Security 3. Network Security 4. Disaster Recovery/ business continuity 5. Operational Security 6. End-user education 1. Ransomware 2. Malware 3. Social Engineering 4. Phishing 9 Elements of Cyber Security Ty Types of Cyber Security Threats
Why Machine Learning used in Cyber Security? ● DDoS on Github 1.3 terabytes per second ● 16.7 million identity theft 16.8 billion dollars stolen. ● 50 million users compromised Facebook developer API’s breach. All these breaches if were detected and terminated by the machine itself huge losses could be prevented. 10
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Cyber Security tasks can be divided into 5 main categories. 1. Prediction 2. Prevention 3. Detection 4. Response 5. Monitoring 12
Literature Survey 13 Title Description Advantages & Limitations Machine learning aided Android malware classification Authors: Nikola Milosevic, Ali Dehghantanha, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo ● This paper deals with static analysis of application for malware detection. ● Combinations of permissions granted to application and the system calls it makes are analysed. ● MOdroid dataset is used which contains 200 malicious android apps. ● Source based analysis is used which results in binary classification whether a application is malicious or not. ● High precision and recall rates detection of new malicious applications ● Should use big and balanced dataset and apply advanced machine learning techniques
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Literature Survey 15 Title Description Advantages & Limitations Intelligent Phishing Website Detection using Random Forest Classifier Authors: Abdulhamit Subasi, Esraa Molah, Fatin Almkallawi, Touseef J. Chaudhery ● Random Forest classifier is used to detect phishing links. ● Software used to apply machine learning classifier WEKA. ● Dataset used UCI ML library ● Accuracy rate of Random Forest was higher than ANN,RF,k-NN,C4.5,CART,SVM. ● Random Forest higher accuracy,robust and faster execution compared to other classifier. ● New methods have come into existence which are advanced phishing techniques ● Phishing attacks have improvised by masking the URL to a real one.
Literature Survey 16 Title Description Advantages & Limitations Machine Learning approach to apply big data analytics in DDoS forcenics. Authors: Kian Son Hoon, Kheng Cher Yeo, Sami Azam, Bharanidharan Shanmugam, Friso De Boer ● DDoS attacks (Distributed Denial of Service) can bring down servers or web services. ● Software used to apply machine learning classifier WEKA and H2O. ● Dataset used NSL-KDD ● Simulation was used to test the model. ● Experiment suggested that supervised learning algorithms performed better than unsupervised learning in DDos forcentics. ● DDoS can be detected but complete protection is not possible. ● Botnets and Zombie computers are widely used in DDoS whose detection is challenging.
Methodology ● Static malware analysis ● Machine Learning Techniques ○ Classification ○ Clustering ● Dataset used M0droid containing 200 malicious android applications ● Permission based analysis ● Source-code based analysis ● Ensemble Learning 17
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RANDOM FOREST ALGORITHM Randomly select “k” features from total “m” features. Where k << m Among the “k” features, calculate the node “d” using the best split point. Split the node into daughter nodes using the best split. Repeat 1 to 3 steps until “l” number of nodes has been reached. 19
20 Single Machine Learning Permission based clustering Ensemble Learning for source based analysis
Real time case studies TOR Traffic Detection using Deep Learning 21
Feed Forward Neural Network Dataset consists of network traffic from a PCAP file and it is feeded into the neural network and the hyper parameters of the neural network is optimized. 22
23 Tensorboard generated statics depicting the network training process Results from different machine learning classifier.
APPLICATIONS OF MACHINE LEARNING IN CYBER SECURITY 24
Machine Learning for Network Protection IDS [Intrusion Detection System] NTA [Network Traffic Analytics] Examples: ● regression to predict the network packet parameters and compare them with the normal ones; ● classification to identify different classes of network attacks such as scanning and spoofing; ● clustering for forensic analysis. 25
Machine Learning for Application Security Web Application Firewall [WAF] Systems A universal ML model cannot be developed to deal with all threats some examples are listed below. ● regression to detect anomalies in HTTP requests (for example, XXE and SSRF attacks and auth bypass); ● classification to detect known types of attacks like injections (SQLi, XSS, RCE, etc.); ● clustering user activity to detect DDOS attacks and mass exploitation. 26
Machine Learning for user behavior Unlike malware detection focusing on common attacks and the possibility to train a classifier, user behavior is one of the complex layers and unsupervised learning problem. ● regression to detect anomalies in User actions (e.g., login in unusual time); ● classification to group different users for peer-group analysis; 27
Disadvantages ● Like every force of automation, AI-based cybersecurity will bring in questions of potential job loss or reassigning existing cybersecurity personnel; this makes it a tricky affair for enterprise IT to manage. ● There’s always a sense of discomfort with the idea of trusting a purely automated system, more so when it’s cybersecurity automation we’re talking about. Enterprises need to manage this perceived loss of control. ● Purchasing advanced cybersecurity technologies can be difficult because there are not many AI-based systems for purchase yet. This creates risks of overspending. 28
Conclusion Machine Learning is definitely not a silver-bullet solution if you want to protect your systems. Undoubtedly, there are many issues with interpretability (particularly for Deep Learning algorithms) On the other hand, with the growing amount of data and decreasing number of experts, ML is the only remedy. It works now and will be mandatory soon. It is better to start right now. Keep in mind, hackers are also starting to use ML in their attacks 29
30 Scope of Future Work Cyber Security has various fields everyday as technology improves new vulnerabilities are discovered and machine learning is also advancing in all verticals. A right tool is needed for enterprises to maintain there infrastructure security and for people to safeguard from all the threats.
31 References: [1]: Abdulhamit Subasi, Esraa Molah, Fatin Almkallawi, Touseef J. Chaudhery “Intelligent Phishing Website Detection using Random Forest Classifier “ 2017 International Conference on Electrical and Computing Technologies and Applications (ICECTA) [2]: Kian Son Hoon1 , Kheng Cher Yeo2, Sami Azam2, Bharanidharan Shanmugam2, Friso De Boer2 “Machine Learning approaches to apply big data analytics in DDoS forcenics” 2018 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI - 2018), Jan. 04 – 06, 2018, Coimbatore, INDIA [3]:Nikola Milosevic, Ali Dehghantanha,Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo “Machine Learning Aided Android Malware Classification” [4]:https://towardsdatascience.com/machine-learning-for-cybersecurity-101-7822b802790b [5]:https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2018/07/using-power-deep-learning-cyber-security/