Research
Questions
● How dostudents perceive
information online?
● How do students decide what
information to trust when working
with online information sources?
● What are students considering
when making evaluative decisions
about online information sources?
● How do undergraduate students
understand information formats
online?
Timeline
2019
Began planning
study and
draftedIRB
2020
Began data
collection,
started early
coding
2021 - 2024
Completed data
collection
(2021),
conducted
iterative coding
of full sample
(2021-2024) 2025- 2026
Thematic
analysis of
qualitative code
data
“Two other sitesthat
aren't even .com that
are .govs and like that
one that I just clicked on
with some Kenya's
national site or
whatever.”
Evergreen
Domain
names
29.
“So I thinkit's
scholarly in the terms
that all this
information is true
and that they did
research to put all
these claims together
Evergreen
Format/genre
30.
“it’s like aYelp page for
a dog park…It’s showing
people’s experiences
and sort of like five
stars, it’s five bones. It’s
more dog aspect.”
Cottonwood
Format/genre
“Like WebMD, itdoes
have ads, but they're
not loud and
obnoxious ads.
They're all related to
the website in itself,
so that's nice.”
Chestnut
Advertisemen
ts
33.
“I would sayseeing all
these ads makes me
feel like it's not as
credible.”
Hickory
Advertisemen
ts
34.
“If I'm lookingfor
something that I'm trying
to put my trust in to help
me, mentally or physically,
I don't want State Farm
popping up. I'm not going
to switch to shopping for
insurance.”
Cottonwood
Reader
purpose
IMAGE CREDITS
● Slidetemplate, Nature Mountain Background Slides, Slides Carnival:
https://www.slidescarnival.com/template/nature-mountain-background-slides/237914
● Desert sunset Photo by Davron Bowman on Unsplash
https://unsplash.com/photos/the-sun-is-setting-over-the-mountains-in-the-desert-sCM4NNMWGJc
● Beep Beep by Thomas Hawk on flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/51942518835/
● Toy van, by Nubia Navarro,
https://www.pexels.com/photo/selective-focus-photography-of-yellow-school-bus-die-cast-386009/
● Dairy section, by Fajri Nugroho,
https://www.pexels.com/photo/dairy-section-in-a-grocery-store-20489330/
● Unlabeled canned goods, by Julia M Cameron,
https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-close-up-shot-of-canned-goods-6994944/
● Challa Horse
https://notesfrompoland.com/2025/01/16/ai-generated-challahorse-takes-polish-internet-by-storm-after-s
ome-users-think-it-is-genuine/
● Lobo Louie and student, by UNM University Communications and Marketing
59.
IMAGE CREDITS
● Spiralstaircase, by Andre Popescu,
https://unsplash.com/photos/a-group-of-people-standing-in-the-middle-of-a-spiral-staircase-Dgs5AT9ynL0
?utm_content=creditShareLink&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash
● Thinking woman, La Pensadora, by Nacho,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pensadora_%28Oviedo%29.jpg
● Purple Z, by Zyanya BMO,
https://unsplash.com/photos/purple-and-white-stick-with-white-background-kJTQrwWkQ2k
● Cottonwood tree, by Greg Willis,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cottonwood_Tree_in_Buckhorn_Wash_%284055578475%29.jpg
● Person at laptop, by Christin Hume,
https://unsplash.com/photos/person-sitting-front-of-laptop-mfB1B1s4sMc
● Reflections, by drmakete lab,
https://unsplash.com/photos/the-reflection-of-the-sky-in-the-glass-of-a-building-hsg538WrP0Y
● Stopwatch, by Orhan Pergel,
https://unsplash.com/photos/a-person-holding-a-small-pocket-watch-in-their-hand-g0wzwwuf_Zk
60.
IMAGE CREDITS
● Sortedbuttons, by Olga Kovalski,
https://unsplash.com/photos/a-collection-of-buttons-and-buttons-on-a-table-B3P7x5DRt_M
● Elephant, by Geranimo,
https://unsplash.com/photos/brown-mammoth-on-middle-of-woods-during-daytime-f0oe9P9Yixs
● Covid social distancing sign, by Catherine Breslin,
https://unsplash.com/photos/a-red-and-white-sign-that-says-covidd-19-maintain-social-distance-ao3ztHU
hXa8
● Cat herd, by 暇・カキコ , https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cats_in_aoshima_island_1.JPG
● Stepping up, by Lindsay Henwood,
https://unsplash.com/photos/person-stepping-on-blue-stairs-7_kRuX1hSXM
● Girl and Robot, by Andy Kelly,
https://unsplash.com/photos/photo-of-girl-laying-left-hand-on-white-digital-robot-0E_vhMVqL9g
● Blossoms on a branch dripping with water
https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-a-blossoming-cherry-twig-dripping-with-water-15862259/
● Lightbulbs, Photo by Fabio Bracht on Unsplash
https://unsplash.com/photos/white-and-black-light-fixture-_z0DiiaIhB4
61.
IMAGE CREDITS
● Walkingdogs Photo by Matt Nelson on Unsplash
https://unsplash.com/photos/four-dogs-on-park-aI3EBLvcyu4
● Digital billboards Photo by Wojtek Witkowski on Unsplash
https://unsplash.com/photos/high-rise-building-during-nighttime-h7rOzTmGxWE
● Advertisements, Photo by Pixabay
https://www.pexels.com/photo/drug-store-drink-coca-cola-signage-on-gray-wooden-wall-210126/
● Woman meditating Photo by Jared Rice on Unsplash
https://unsplash.com/photos/woman-doing-yoga-meditation-on-brown-parquet-flooring-NTyBbu66_SI
● Numbers Photo by Tyler Easton on Unsplash
https://unsplash.com/photos/assorted-numbers-printed-on-wall-faixctm2YRQ
● Herding by Arbutus on flickr https://flic.kr/p/edmGM4
● People holding hands Photo by Priscilla Du Preez
https://unsplash.com/photos/person-in-black-long-sleeve-shirt-holding-babys-feet-aPa843frIzI
62.
IMAGE CREDITS
● Blackand white photo of women sitting and talking
https://unsplash.com/photos/a-group-of-people-sitting-on-a-bench-Zyy3siLOmLI
● Protect trans youth event
https://unsplash.com/photos/a-group-of-people-holding-signs-in-front-of-a-building-Kp0Ub2ad2Dk
● Screenshot of figures from
https://www.brookings.edu/articles/transgender-student-rights-shouldnt-be-subject-to-partisan-feuds/
● Screenshots from https://www.permaculturedesignmagazine.com/
● Alert dog in profile
https://unsplash.com/photos/short-coat-brown-dog-PG_w4037osE?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=
referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
63.
IMAGE CREDITS
● ImmersiveVR world
https://easy-peasy.ai/ai-image-generator/images/immersive-vr-world-exploration-virtual-reality
● Monopoly money https://www.pexels.com/photo/game-money-on-a-table-14756890/
● woman in yellow jacket running fast in the forest by Greg Rosenke on Unsplash
https://unsplash.com/photos/a-person-running-in-the-woods-with-trees-in-the-background-E9PdTVfEujI
● Guy running away from bear: На Камчатке медведь погнался за любопытным туристом
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwfrjNH8N6k
● Paramedic in ambulance
https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-paramedic-inside-an-ambulance-holding-a-bag-8941906/
64.
IMAGE CREDITS
● Emptylecture hall with chalkboard Photo by Pixabay:
https://www.pexels.com/photo/brown-and-black-wooden-chairs-inside-room-207691/
● Grey new york time newspaper on table together with juice glasses by Natalia Ostashova on Unsplash
https://unsplash.com/photos/grey-new-york-time-newspaper-on-table-together-with-juice-glasses-cWhLlF
B2IGI
● Tangled rope, by Walter Frehner,
https://unsplash.com/photos/a-bunch-of-rope-that-is-laying-on-the-ground-rMWhUNyz7mQ
● Question cat, by Zhang Kaiyv,
https://unsplash.com/photos/a-small-orange-and-white-kitten-standing-on-its-hind-legs-41fi0s-_dWQ
65.
CREDITS
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everyone to use thanks to the
following:
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Pexels and Pixabay
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project. But
because work
actually affected
other people,
then I would do
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make sure it's
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