LESSON 4 - HYDRAULICS general science 1st quarter

LESSON 4 - HYDRAULICS general science 1st quarter

• 1.
  preencoded.png The Power ofFluids: Hydraulics in Simple & Compound Machines Discover how hydraulic systems harness fluid pressure to amplify force and motion, enhancing mechanical advantage in machines from everyday jacks to heavy equipment.
• 2.
  preencoded.png Understanding Fluid Principles: Pascal'sPrinciple Equal Pressure Pressure applied to an enclosed, incompressible fluid transmits equally in all directions.
• 3.
  preencoded.png Understanding Fluid Principles: Pascal'sPrinciple Pressure Formula Pressure (P) equals Force (F) divided by Area (A), highlighting how small forces on small areas can produce large pressures. Pressure (P)= Area (A) Force (F)​
• 4.
  preencoded.png Pressure Formula Pressure (P)=Area (A) Force (F)​
• 5.
  preencoded.png Understanding Fluid Principles: Pascal'sPrinciple Fluid Choice Liquids like oil are nearly incompressible, making them perfect to transmit force efficiently.
• 6.
  preencoded.png •Pascal’s Principle =equal pressure distribution in an enclosed fluid. •Small force on a small area → large pressure → large output force. •Incompressible fluids like oil are ideal for these systems.
• 7.
  preencoded.png Anatomy of aSimple Hydraulic System A hydraulic system is a mechanical system that uses fluid pressure to transmit power and perform work.
• 8.
  preencoded.png Anatomy of aSimple Hydraulic System Reservoir (Tank) Stores the hydraulic fluid (usually oil). Hydraulic Pump Moves the fluid from the reservoir into the system.
• 9.
  preencoded.png Anatomy of aSimple Hydraulic System Control Valves Direct and regulate the flow of hydraulic fluid. Hydraulic Cylinder (Actuator) Moves the load or performs the work (e.g., lifting, pushing). Hydraulic Hoses/Pipes Transport the hydraulic fluid between components
• 10.
  preencoded.png How Simple HydraulicsAmplify Force The basic formula used in hydraulics is: P= F A ​Where: •P = Pressure (in Pascals, Pa) •F = Force (in Newtons, N) •A = Area (in square meters, m²)
• 11.
  preencoded.png How Simple HydraulicsAmplify Force The basic formula used in hydraulics is: P= F A EXAMPLE A piston with an area of 0.04 m² is pushed with a force of 160 N. What is the pressure in the system?
• 12.
  preencoded.png How Simple HydraulicsAmplify Force By Pascal’s Principle, pressure is constant: P1 = P2. This creates force multiplication: F2 = F1 A1=A2 A small input force applied on a small piston generates a significantly larger force on a bigger piston.
• 13.
  preencoded.png F2 = F1 (A2= A1) Where: F₁ = force applied on the small piston A₁ = area of the small piston F₂ = output force on the large piston A₂ = area of the large piston A force of 80 N is applied to a piston with an area of 0.01 m². What force is produced on a larger piston with an area of 0.3 m²?
• 14.
  preencoded.png Hydraulics Enhancing Simple Machines:The Hydraulic Jack A hydraulic jack uses a small hand pump to generate high fluid pressure that acts on a large piston. Force multiplication of 50-100 times allows lifting heavy vehicles with minimal effort—50 lbs applied can raise 4,000 lbs.
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• 16.
  preencoded.png Hydraulics Enhancing Compound Machines:Excavators & Brakes Excavators Multiple hydraulic cylinders control boom, arm, and bucket, enabling forces up to 35,000 lbs for precision digging and heavy lifting. Automotive Brakes Pedal force converted to hydraulic pressure multiplies force at caliper pistons, creating powerful clamping action to safely stop vehicles.
• 17.
  preencoded.png Advantages & Disadvantagesof Hydraulic Systems Advantages •High power output from compact components •Precise motion control via valves •Smooth, shock-absorbing operation •Remote power transmission over distances Disadvantages •Risk of fluid leakage affecting performance •Temperature changes impact fluid viscosity •Requires regular maintenance and clean fluids •Higher setup costs and specialized fluids needed
• 18.
  preencoded.png Conclusion: The Ubiquitous Powerof Fluid Mechanics Hydraulics transform small inputs into massive outputs by applying Pascal's Principle, empowering machines to lift, move, and control heavy loads with efficiency.
• 19.
  preencoded.png SEATWORK Problem: 1. In ahydraulic press, the output force on the large piston is 1,800 N. If the small piston has an area of 0.01 m² and the large piston has an area of 0.3 m², what force must be applied to the small piston? 2. A force of 100 N is applied to a small piston. This creates an output force of 2,000 N on a large piston with an area of 0.4 m². What is the area of the small piston?