The document outlines an IR-based railway track fault detection system developed by a group of students, aimed at automatically identifying cracks and faults on railway tracks to ensure passenger safety. The proposed system utilizes infrared sensors, GPS, and GSM technology to detect and communicate the location of track damage without human intervention. Future enhancements include integrating CCTV monitoring to increase security and improve response times for maintenance needs.

1. IR BASED RAILWAY TRACK FAULT
DETECTION SYSTEM
(MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION MINI PROJECT)
Done by:
Reddy Purna Teja 17-14-007
Udayshankar Reddy 17-14-008
Disharna Das 17-14-009
PROJECT GUIDED BY DR. GAURAV BAGHEL SIR

2. AIM :
 37. We are accustomed to the fact that railway tracks need to be inspected every now
and then. Generally manual methods are used to ensure the results are trustworthy.
Can we design an IR-based system that can electronically verify if both the rails of
the track are at expected position or not?

3. CONTENTS:
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Proposed Plan
4. Block Diagram
5. Microcontroller
6. IR Sensor Module
7. GPS
8. GSM
9. Power Supply Section
10. Advantages
11. Minor Setbacks
12. Future Enhancements
13. Conclusion
14. References

4. ABSTRACT:
 The main objective of this project is to provide an IR based railway track fault
detection system.
 Railway track damage status is monitored by the sensor and transfered through wireless
modules.
 For easy surveying and with less delay the information can be send to the authority.
 Toavoid accidents and to safeguard the passengers.

5. INTRODUCTION:
 India is the fourth largest railway network in the world having a track length of 115,000
Kilometers
 Indian railway carries over 8,900 million passengers annually or more than 24
million passengers daily
 In spite of this, so many accidents occur on a daily basis.

6.  90% of them are due to the cracks on the rails either due to the natural causes or due to the
antisocial elements.
 So we need a system to monitor the geometry of the track in the most cost effective way.

7. PROPOSED PLAN
 In this, the fault in railway track is automatically detected without any human
intervention.
 IR sensor is used to find the cracks and damage of tracks.
 GPS and GSM systems are used to locate the fault & send information to the control room.
 Motors are used to drive the system.
 This system ensures a very accurate detection and accurate output.

8. Micro-controller
IR Sensor
GSMGPSPower
supply
LCD Display
Motor1
Motor2
Relay
PowerSupply
BLOCK DIAGRAM :

9.  The block diagram of the system consists of microcontroller, IR transmitter, IR receiver,
dc motor, relay, interfacing IC, GPS, GSM and LCD display.
 The microcontroller does all the controlling and coordinating actions of the entire system.
 Infrared sensor is used for sensing the presence of cracks.
 The GPS find the location of damage in track and GSM is used to send information about
the fault.
 LCD is used to display the damage status.
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION:

10. MICROCONTROLLER(ARDUINO UNO):
Microcontroller ATmega328P – 8
bit AVR family
microcontroller
Recommended
Input Voltage
7-12V
Input Voltage Limits 6-20V
Analog Input Pins 6 (A0 – A5)
Digital I/O Pins 14 (Out of which 6
provide PWM
output)
MICROCONTROLLER(ARDUINO UNO):

11. IR SENSOR MODULE:
 IR LED+ Photo diode(PD) called as IR
pair or Photo coupler
Produces the corresponding output
It is sensed by voltage comparator
Voltage drop across it changes
Resistance of diode changes with IR falling on it
Photo diode senses it
IR LD emits IR

12. GPS:
 Space-based satellite navigation system
 Contain a GPS receiver with receiving antenna
 Require unobstructed line of sight to four or more
GPS satellites.
 It receives the location details and transmitted to
pic through TXpin.

13. GSM:
 GSM is used to send the message to authorities
 When fault is detected GSM gets the information
from PIC
 GSM sends the data to the predefinednumber
 The working of GSM is completely controlled by
the microcontroller

14. POWER SUPPLY SECTION:
 Power supply circuit provides two supply voltages 12V and 5V
DC.
 The battery is charged to 12v by means of a SOLAR panel or by
means of a charging circuit which consists of step-down
transformer, bridge circuit package and capacitor for filtering
 The 12 V DC from battery is taken to the components wherever
the 12V DC supply is required
 This 12V DC is then regulated to a constant 5V DC by means of
a regulator IC LM7805

15.  Its cost is very low.
 Very accurate detection.
 It also checks surface and near surface of the crackingposition.
 Immediate transmission of signals.
 Gate level controller.
 Reduced rate of accidents.
ADVANTAGES

16.  In this project, we are using GSM/GPS and IR sensors for detecting the cracks in
the railway track.
 In future, we will also be using the CCTV systems with IP based camera for
monitoring the visual videos captured from the track.
 It will also increase the security for the both rails and passengers from terrorism,
and mob-crime.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS:

17.  This project is a cost effective way of implementing a fault detection system.
 Monitoring and manual maintenance is very difficult and takes more time.
 To avoid delays, our proposed system immediately notifies and informs the
current train coming on the track through wireless medium.
CONCLUSION :

18. [1]Md. Reya Shad Azimi 1 ,Khizr Mahmud 2 and C. K. Das . “Automatic Train Track
Switching System with Computerized Control from the Central Monitoring Unit , International
Journal Vol 7(1) pages 201-214,2014.
[2]Anand Kr. Gupta et.al , “Railway Track Finding System with RFID Application”,
International Journal.
[3]Rajkumar et.al , “GPS and Ethernet based real time train tracking system”, Advanced
Electronics Electronic Systems(ICAES) international conference , IEEE explore digital library,
pages 282-286, 21-23 sept, 2013.
References:

19. THANK YOU