introductionimportanceandscopeofhorticulture-240207100812-144e804b.pdf

introductionimportanceandscopeofhorticulture-240207100812-144e804b.pdf

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  Dr. Vinay N.D. Ph.D(Vegetable Science). IARI, New Delhi ICAR-JRF, SRF NAHEP- CAAST fellow Horticulture - Its definition and branches, importance and scope.
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  Introduction  India isthe seventh largest country- total geographical area of 328.73 Mha  The total arable land available is 144 million hectare -139.3 million Ha (net sown area) and 197.3 Mha area (gross cropped)  About 60% of the Indian population depends on agriculture for their livelihood.  Agriculture contributes around 17% to the total GDP and provides employment for approximately 58% of the population.  Horticulture crops constitute a significant portion of total agricultural production in the country.  Horticulture contributes 30.4 per cent of the agriculture Gross Domestic Product (GDP) using only 13.1 per cent of gross cropped area.
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  Horticulture  The termHorticulture is derived from the Latin words: “hortus” meaning garden and “cultura” meaning cultivation.  Garden is an enclosed or protected area used to grow fruit, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants.  Therefore, in original sense “Horticulture refers to cultivation of garden plants within protected enclosures”.  At present the horticulture may be defined as “the science and technique of production, processing and merchandizing of fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, plantations, medicinal and aromatic plants”.
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  Branches of Horticulture 1. Pomology/ Fruit science: refers to cultivation of fruit crops.  2. Olericulture/ Vegetable Science: refers to cultivation of vegetables.  3. Floriculture: refers to cultivation of flower crops.  4. Plantation crops: refers to cultivation of crops like coconut, arecanut, rubber, coffee,  tea etc.  5. Spices crops: refers to cultivation of crops like, cardamom, pepper, nutmeg etc.  6. Medicinal and aromatic crops: deals with cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops.  7. Post-harvest technology: deals with post-harvest handling, grading, packaging, storage, processing, value addition, marketing etc. of horticulture crops.
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  Features of Horticulture 1. Horticultural produces are mostly utilized in the fresh state and are highly perishable.  2. Horticultural crops need intensive cultivation requiring a large input of capital, labour and technology per unit area.  3. Cultural operations like propagation, training, pruning and harvesting are skilled and specific to horticultural crops.  4. Horticultural produce are rich sources of vitamins and minerals and alkaloids –nutritionally rich.  5. Aesthetic gratification is an exclusive phenomenon to horticultural science.  6. Most suitable for kitchen gardening, backyard farming and subsistence farming.  7. Perennial crops  8. High value crops.
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  Present status ofhorticulture in India  Production - In 2022, total Horticulture produce is 341.6 million tonnes and total Agriculture produce is 314.5 million tonnes.  Contribution - Horticulture contributes 30.4% of the agriculture Gross Domestic Product (GDP) using only 13.1% of gross cropped area.  Fruits and vegetables account alone account for almost 90% of the total horticulture production in the country.  India is the second largest producer of fruits after Brazil. India accounts for 10 per cent of the total world production of fruits. It leads the world in the production of mango, banana, sapota and acid lime besides recording highest productivity in grape.
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   India rankssecond in vegetable production next to China in area and production contributing 13.38 percent to the total world production. India occupies first position in cauliflower, second in Onion, third in cabbage in the world.  Areas of cultivation of flowers - More than 50% of the floriculture products are produced in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh.  Areas of cultivation of fruits & vegetables - Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Odisha.  Exports - India is ranked 14th in vegetables and 23rd in fruits. Present status of horticulture in India
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   Plays crucialrole in providing food and nutritional security especially to rural and tribal population  As a source of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, flavour, aroma, alkaloids, oleoresins, fibre, etc.  As an economic proposition as they give higher returns per unit area in terms of energy, money, job, etc  As a source of medicine.  Employment generation 860 man days/annum for fruit crops as against 143 man days/annum for cereal crops and the crops like grapes, banana and pineapple need 1000-2500 man days per annum. Importance of Horticulture
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   Effective utilizationof waste land through cultivation of hardy fruits and medicinal plants.  As a substitute of family income being component of home garden.  As a foreign exchange earner, has higher share compare to agriculture crops.  As an input for industry being amenable to processing, especially fruit and vegetable preservation industry.  Aesthetic consideration and protection of environment/Biodiversity.  Religious significance. Importance of Horticulture
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   To exploitgreat variability of agro climatic conditions.  To increase productivity  To meet the need for fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, beverages in relation to population growth based  Adoption of more standardized horticulture production procedures to increase productivity and profit.  To reduce Post harvest losses.  To meet the requirement of processing industry and to promote processing Future scope of horticulture in India
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   Protected cultivationand Offseason cultivation  Contract Farming  To substitute import and increase export. Future scope of horticulture in India