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Uploaded byAshaGolasangimath
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introduction to pharmacology converted

The document provides an overview of pharmacology, highlighting the contributions of Oswald Schmiedeberg as the father of pharmacology and detailing key branches such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicology. It outlines the sources of drugs and emphasizes the scope of pharmacology, including various career opportunities in academia, government, and the pharmaceutical industry. The text underscores the significance of pharmacology in health and agricultural applications.

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Introduction to Pharmacology and Scope of Pharmacology Prepared by : Miss. Asha Golasangimath lecturer Sanjeevini School of Pharmacy Vijayapur
born -10 October 1838 Courland Died - 12 July 1921 Oswald Schmiedeberg is regarded as the Father of Pharmacology. Oswald Schmiedeberg earned his medical doctorate from the University of Dorpat with a thesis on the measurement of chloroform in blood, titled “Determination and Concentration of Chloroform in the Blood”. In 1872 he became the first professor of pharmacology at the University of Strasbourg, where he remained for the next 46 years. He published over 200 scientific books and articles and is widely regarded as the Father of Pharmacology.
Born - 17 August 1882 Gujranwala, Punjab Province, British India (now Gujranwala, Pakistan) Died -13 June 1973 (aged 90) Nationality - Indian Citizenship - Indian Known for : Father of Indian Pharmacology; Doyen of science and medicine[1] Awards - Knighthood (1941) Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE; 1934)
Branches of pharmacology Pharmacokinetics- it deals with the study on absorption distribution metabolism and excretion of drugs. Thus from entry of drug in the body until its excretion the study of what happen to the drug in the body is known as pharmacokinetics. That is it is the study of what body does to the drug that is study of ADME A-absorption D- distribution M - metabolism E-. Excretion
2. Pharmacodynamics : It deals with the study of mechanism of actionand pharmacological effects of drugs that is it is study of how drugs affect the body. The study of what happens to the body due to drug is pharmacodynamics. 3. Therapeutic index: therapeutic index is the ratio of lethal doses and effective doses and indicates the relative margin of safety of a drug processes. Therapeutic index (TI) : LD50/ED50 4. Therapeutics: it is a Greek word meaning the art of medicine i.e. it focuses on the actions and effects of drugs and other chemical agents with physiological and biochemical microbiological immunological or behavioral factors influencing disease. It also considers how disease may modify the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug by altering its absorption into the systemic circulation and its tissue disposition.
5. Toxicology: It is the study of action of overdoses of drugs which may endanger life . or It is the study of poisons, their effects and treatment. 6. Neuropharmacology: it is the study of drugs on components of the nervous system, including brain, spinal cord, and the nerves that communicate with all parts of the body. 7. Cardiovascular pharmacology : It is concerned with the study of effects of drugs on heart, the vascular system and those parts of nervous and endocrine system that participate in regulating cardiovascular function. 8. Molecular pharmacology : It deals with the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of interactions between drug molecules and those of the cell.
Biochemical Pharmacology : It uses the methods of biochemistry, cell biology and cell physiology to determine how drugs interact with, influence the chemical machinery of the organism. Behavioral Pharmacology : It concerned with study of the effect of drugs on behavior. it also includes the effect of psychoactive drugs on the phenomena of learning, memory, wakefulness, sleep and drug addiction and behavioral consequences. Chemotherapy : The use of chemical agents in the treatment of infectious diseases is called as chemotherapy. These agents destroy the infecting germs without damaging the human body.
Sources of drugs : 1. Plants ex - Morphine , Reserpine , Digoxin , etc. 2. Animal ex - Insulin, Heparin , Thyroid extract etc. 3. Mineral ex - Liquid paraffin, Magnesium sulphate, kaolin etc. 4. Synthetic ex - Aspirin, sulphonamides, corticosteroids etc. 5. Micro-organism ex - Penicillin, Rifampicin etc.
Scope of Pharmacology ( Opportunities of Pharmacology) : ● The Pharmacological trainings opens wide range of employment opportunities in academic, governmental, and industrial organizations. ● It creates teaching and research careers for pharmacologists in areas of the health sciences, including medicine, pharmacology, dentistry, osteopathy, veterinary medicine, and nursing. ● Govt. institutions employ pharmacologists in research centers such as National Institute of Health, Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Drug Administration and centers for Disease control. ● Its application to health and agriculture have resulted inphenomenal growth of the drug manufacturing industry. ●
● Multinational pharmaceutical corporations utilize large staffs of pharmacologists to develop products and to determine molecular or biochemical actions of various chemicals ● also in administrative position in govt. or private industry. etc.
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