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Introduction to Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS)-MODULE 1.pptx

Indian Knowledge system vtu module 1 ppt

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Introduction to Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS)
Built by Raja Raja Chola I. The construction was completed in 1010. This is one of the earliest granite temples in the world. Around 60,000 tons of granite is said to be used to build the temple.It has one of the tallest vimānam (temple tower) and its kumbham (the structure on the top) weighs approximately 80 tons.
Overview of Indian Knowledge System (IKS) • IKS refers to the diverse and comprehensive body of knowledge that has developed in India over millennia. • Covers various fields: Philosophy, Science, Mathematics, Medicine, Art, Architecture, Language, etc. • Rooted in ancient texts, oral traditions, and practical knowledge.
Core Concepts of IKS Vedic Knowledge: Rituals, cosmic principles, and the understanding of the universe. Yoga & Meditation: Philosophical systems for self-realization and health. Sanskrit: The language of many classical texts. Dharma: Ethical principles and righteous living.
Understanding the Vedic Corpus The Four Vedas: i)Rigveda ii)Yajurveda iii)Samaveda iv)Atharvaveda Structure of the Vedas: i)Samhitas, ii)Brahmanas iii)Aranyakas iv)Upanishads
Ancient Indian contributions to various fields. Mathematics (zero, decimal system, algebra). Astronomy (calculations of planetary movements). Medicine (Ayurveda and holistic healing). Architecture (Vastu Shastra). Historical Development of IKS
Philosophical Foundations of IKS • Major Indian philosophical schools: Nyaya: Logic and reasoning.  Vaiśeṣika (Atomism and Metaphysics) Sāṅkhya (Dualism and Enumeration) Yoga (Discipline and Meditation) Pūrva Mīmāṁsā (Ritualism and Dharma) Vedānta (Upanishadic Philosophy and Non-Dualism)
School Focus Area Key Concept Path to Liberation Nyāya Logic & Reasoning Logical analysis proves reality Correct knowledge Vaiśeṣ ika Metaphysics & Atomism Universe made of atoms governed by karma Understanding reality Sā khya ṅ Dualism & Cosmology Purusha and Prakriti are distinct Knowledge of distinction Yoga Meditation & Self- Discipline Control of mind and body leads to self- realization Meditation and detachment Mīmāṃsā Vedic Rituals & Dharma Vedic rituals and duties sustain life Performing righteous actions Vedānta Ultimate Reality (Brahman) Realization of Brahman is liberation Knowledge (Jñāna) & Devotion (Bhakti)
Traditional knowledge refers to the knowledge, practices, and innovations that have been developed and passed down through generations within a cultural or social group. Traditional knowledge
Ayurveda: Health and wellness through holistic approaches. Vastu Shastra: Traditional architecture and its impact on harmony and energy flow. Agriculture: Indigenous methods and sustainable practices. Oral traditions and texts: Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, and more.
Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Indigenous knowledge is the unique, traditional knowledge of Indigenous communities developed through long-standing interactions with their environment. Indigenous knowledge (IK) includes the expres-sions,practices, beliefs,understandings, insights,and experiences of Indigenous groups, generated over centuries
Comparison – Traditional Knowledge vs. Indigenous Knowledge Feature Traditional Knowledge (TK) Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Scope Broader cultural knowledge Community-specific knowledge Mode of Transmission Oral and written Primarily oral Connection to Nature Strong but varies Deeply embedded in nature Sustainability Emphasized but context-specific Highly sustainable practices Recognition More formally recognized Less institutional recognition
Examples of Traditional Knowledge in India Ayurveda – Ancient Indian medical system based on nature and balance. Yoga & Meditation – Physical and spiritual well-being practices. Vedic Mathematics – Ancient mathematical concepts and techniques. Rasayana (Alchemy & Metallurgy) – Indigenous methods for material processing.
Examples of Indigenous Knowledge in India Tribal Agricultural Practices – Mixed cropping, seed preservation. Ethnomedicine – Traditional healing methods in tribal communities. Handloom & Craft Traditions – Weaving techniques unique to communities. Sacred Groves & Conservation – Indigenous conservation practices.
Western Knowledge (WK) • Definition: Western knowledge is a system of knowledge developed through structured methodologies, empirical evidence, and scientific reasoning, largely influenced by the Enlightenment era.
Features: Evidence-based and systematically recorded. Emphasizes logic, rationality, and objectivity. Frequently updated with new discoveries and innovations. Highly institutionalized through universities and research centers.
Comparison – Traditional Knowledge vs. Western Knowledge Feature Traditional Knowledge (TK) Western Knowledge (WK) Scope Rooted in cultural and spiritual context Rooted in scientific inquiry and experimentation Mode of Transmission Oral and written Primarily written and digital Connection to Nature Deeply intertwined Often seeks to control or modify nature Sustainability Emphasizes balance with nature Often focused on efficiency and productivity Recognition Less institutional recognition Highly institutionalized
Examples of Western Knowledge Contributions Modern Medicine & Pharmaceuticals – Scientific approach to healthcare. Technology & Engineering – Innovations in computing, AI, and engineering. Astronomy & Space Science – Space exploration advancements. Physics & Chemistry – Fundamental scientific theories and applications.