Skip to main content
UploadLanguage (EN)Support
BusinessMobileSocial MediaMarketingTechnologyArt & PhotosCareerDesignEducationPresentations & Public SpeakingGovernment & NonprofitHealthcareInternetLawLeadership & ManagementAutomotiveEngineeringSoftwareRecruiting & HRRetailSalesServicesScienceSmall Business & EntrepreneurshipFoodEnvironmentEconomy & FinanceData & AnalyticsInvestor RelationsSportsSpiritualNews & PoliticsTravelSelf ImprovementReal EstateEntertainment & HumorHealth & MedicineDevices & HardwareLifestyle
NI
Uploaded byNistarini College, Purulia (W.B) India
7 views

Integrated Pest Management: Sustainable Strategies for Effective Pest Control in Agriculture

Comprehensive overview of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles, tools, and sustainable approaches to minimize pest damage while protecting the environment and enhancing agricultural productivity.

Environment◦
Related topics:
Integrated Pest Management• Sustainable Agriculture•Plant Health Awareness•
Download to read offline
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT- A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY Dr. N.Sannigrahi, Associate Professor, Department of Botany, Nistarini college, Purulia D.B. Road, Purulia, INDIA (W.B)
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT  Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on a combination of common- sense practices.  IPM programs use current, comprehensive information on the life cycles of pests and their interaction with the environment.  This information, in combination with available pest control methods, is used to manage pest damage by the most economical means, and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.  IPM takes advantage of all appropriate pest management options including, but not limited to, the judicious use of pesticides.  IPM is not a single pest control method but, rather, a series of pest management evaluations, decisions and controls.
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
IPM WORKING MODULE  PM is not a single pest control method but, rather, a series of pest management evaluations, decisions and controls. In practicing IPM, growers who are aware of the potential for pest infestation follow a four-tiered approach.  The four steps include: • ACTION THRESHODS SETTINGS: • Before taking any pest control action, IPM first sets an action threshold, a point at which pest populations or environmental conditions indicate that pest control action must be taken. Sighting a single pest does not always mean control is needed. The level at which pests will become an economic threat is critical to guide future pest control decisions. IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING OF PESTS Not all insects, weeds, and other living organisms require control. Many organisms are innocuous, and some are even beneficial. IPM programs work to monitor for pests and identify them accurately,
IPM WORKING MODULE • so that appropriate control decisions can be made in conjunction with action thresholds. This monitoring and identification removes the possibility that pesticides will be used when they are not really needed or that the wrong kind of pesticide will be used. PREVENTION: As a first line of pest control, IPM programs work to manage the crop, lawn, or indoor space to prevent pests from becoming a threat. In an agricultural crop, this may mean using cultural methods, such as rotating between different crops, selecting pest- resistant varieties, and planting pest-free rootstock. These control methods can be very effective and cost- efficient and present little to no risk to people or the environment.
IPM WORKING MODULE • CONTROL: Once monitoring, identification, and action thresholds indicate that pest control is required, and preventive methods are no longer effective or available, IPM programs then evaluate the proper control method both for effectiveness and risk. Effective, less risky pest controls are chosen first, including highly targeted chemicals, such as pheromones to disrupt pest mating, or mechanical control, such as trapping or weeding. • If further monitoring, identifications and action thresholds indicate that less risky controls are not working, then additional pest control methods would be employed, such as targeted spraying of pesticides. Broadcast spraying of non-specific pesticides is a last resort.
IPM IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE:  Applies sustainable pest control. IPM builds on ecosystem services such as pest predation while protecting others, such as pollination. It also contributes to increased farm productivity and food availability by reducing pre- and post-harvest crop losses.  Reduces pesticide residues. IPM contributes to food and water safety, as reducing the amount of pesticides used in turn reduces residues in food, feed and fiber, and environment.  Enhances ecosystem services. IPM seeks to maintain the national crop ecosystem balance. It conserves the underlying natural resource base (i.e. soil, water and biodiversity) and enhances ecosystem services (i.e. pollination, healthy soils, diversity of species).  Increases income levels. IPM reduces production costs through reduced levels of pesticide use. Higher quality crops (with less residues) can command better prices in markets and contribute to increased farmer profitability.  Strengthens farmer knowledge. IPM promotes farmer stewardship, increases farmer knowledge of ecosystem functioning adapted to their local context.
IPM IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE:
PRINCIPLES APPRACHES OF IPM • IPM generally follow three important approaches based on the effectiveness-  Direct against the pests- the eradiation of the pests from the site of infection is mostly addressed,  Genetic modification of pests- The Genetic engineering method can be addressed for the pests modification,  Modification of environment to make it unfavorable for pests- the micro-environment should be designed and modified to reduce the infection of pests in the desired field.  Thus, the target oriented approaches shold be considered whenever the IPM is to designed for the same.
WHY IPM?  The IPM is very important in the quest of the sustainable agriculture to ensure food sustainability. The IPM is required to address the following needs-  Chemical pesticides uses and its side effects- most of the chemical pesticides create a number of hazards both in the site as well as in the consumes level in the prey-predators relationship. The pesticides are neurotoxin and it can create irreparable damages .  Resistance to chemical pesticides- the ongoing traditional uses of pesticides has been creating a environmental hazards by the development of resistance against the pesticides by the pests. More than 500 insects have developed resistance against the pesticides.  Due to exclusions. Large number of plant diseases transmit.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF IPM  Basically, the IPM is a very sustainable approach to induce sustainable crop production by minimizing the pests keeping in mind the environmental issues. The following principles are laid down in this context-  Ecosystem consideration- the ecosystem is the important issue in the IPM consideration as IPM needs the ecosystem for its optimum benefits.  Pest surveillance- the surveillance of pests is very important whenever the IPM will become functionally operation,  Utilization of Economic Threshold Level ( ETL)- the threshold level of economic parameters must be addressed effectively,  Application of minimum selective hazards.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF IPM • The following basic components must be addressed in this regard-  Acceptance of pest level,  Prevention of cultural practices,  Monitoring,  Mechanical Control,  Biological control,  Responsible pesticides uses
TOOLS OF IPM • There are different tools and techniques for the optimum utilization of IPM for the holistic approaches. These are mentioned as below. • A. CULTURAL METHOD  Crop rotation- the rotation of crops round the session highlighting the uses of legume crops followed by non- legume crops to promote natural soil fertility and to minimize the aggression of pests during the same kind of crops cultivation round the year.  Crop refuse destruction- crop refuses are the bredding ground of multiple pets; destruction of the refuse can minimize the infection.  Tillage of spoil- to ensure fertility and minimize invasion of pests,  Variation in the time of planting and harvesting, • Pruning or thinning of the crops.
TOOLS OF IPM  Fertilizer management practices,  Intercropping in between the crops cultivation,  Water management to reduce the pests invasion which are basically related with the humidity and the moisture content of soil,  Trap crop. • B. Host- Plant resistance- Antixnosis, antibiosis and tolerance are the three important parameters in this regard as far as host-plant resistance mechanism. • C. Mechanical- Hand destruction,  Exclusion by screens, barriers,  Trapping,  Suction devices, Collecting machine, Crushing and grinding
TOOLS OF IPM • D. Physical methods- Different edaphic parameters like heat,  Energy by light trap,  irradiation,  Light regulator,  cold environment and sound can also be effective in this regard for the management of effective IPM. • E. Biological methods-  Conservation of biological control along with the protection and engagement,  Artificial increase and colonization of species specific parasitizoides and predators,  Pathogens on insects like virus,  Augmentative biological control methods by inoculative release and inundative release
TOOLS OF IPM • F. Chemical methods-  by the use of different chemicals like attractants, repellants, insecticides, insect growth inhibitors, chemosterilants and others can be effective chemicals that can effectively monitored the IPM in the crops production and sustainability.  G. Behavioral methods-  The use of pheromones- chemical messengers molecules excreted by an organism that can trigger a social or behavioral response in members of the same species. It may be sex pheromones, alarm hormones, trail pheromones, aggregation pheromones that can regulate processes and released into the environment mostly detected by olfactory systems.  Allochemicals-natural induced secondary metabolites that act as bio-pesticides , repellents , attractants of herbicides in this process.
TOOLS OF IPM • H. Use of Genetic –Engineering and Biotechnology-  The newly sophisticated tools of biology and engineering for designing and developing the pest resistant varieties of hosts plants to minimize the pests-plant interaction like Bt-cotton, Bt-bringal and many more crops. • I. Regulatory legal methods- different rules and regulatory principles must be adopted in this management practices for the IPM.  Plant quarantine and Border control to stop the dissemination of diseases across the different continents,  Attachment of phytosanitary certificates during the import and export of crops,  Pesticide registration and classification,  Application of protocols and environmental rules
THANKS FOR YOUR VISIT • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: a. Google for images, b. Different websites for enriching the course content, c. Science Direct pages, d. Plant diseases, insects and pests- NCBI-NH, e. www.nature.com f. www.spruce.com g. www.aphis.usda.gov h. Puregreensaz.com i. https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest- management-ipm-principles j. https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/causes-effects-climate-change k. www.fao.org l. https://ccd.gujarat.gov.in/causes-of-climate-change.htm m. Many more websites for references. • This presentation has been designed to address the academic fraternity without any financial interest. This is absolutely free to use . The author does not claim any kind of financial benefits from this content