ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019: Research Program – Asia by Dr Pooran Gaur and Team

ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019: Research Program – Asia by Dr Pooran Gaur and Team

• 1.
  Research Program -Asia Pooran Gaur on behalf of RP-Asia Team
• 2.
  Research Program -Asia (1) Crop Improvement (2) Integrated Crop Management (3) Plant Quarantine Unit (4) ICRISAT Development Centre (5) Farm and Engineering Services Pooran Gaur Mamta Sharma Rajan Sharma Sreenath Dixit Suresh Pillai
• 3.
  Chickpea Pigeonpea Groundnut Legumes Cereals SorghumPearl millet Finger millet Crop Improvement
• 4.
  Refining Product Conceptsand ensuring alignment of Crop Breeding efforts to Product Concepts Consultations with multi-disciplinary teams of stakeholders to refine Product Concepts
• 5.
  Modernization of cropimprovement programs to accelerate genetic gain Crop Asia South Asia India Chickpea 2.32 2.53 2.50 Groundnuts 2.37 4.48 4.53 Millet 2.57 2.24 2.36 Pigeonpea 0.65 1.02 1.02 Sorghum -0.50 -2.91 -2.95 Estimating genetic gain…… Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for yield during past 10 yrs (2008-2017) 0.75% genetic gain per annum in pearl millet parents 2.14 2.44 2.23 2.36 3.08 1.47 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 MeanGrainyield(tha-1 Year of development Sorghum B-lines for Grain Yield 2.62 3.03 3.49 2.06 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 MeanGrainyield(tha-1) Year of development Sorghum SFR B-lines for GY Genetic gain of 1% per annum for grain yield in Sorghum B-lines 0.75% genetic gain for pod yield in Spanish Bunch groundnut lines We will work closely with “ICAR-BMGF Project on modernization of Indian Crop Breeding” for estimating genetic gains
• 6.
  Crop Number of generations Field Controlled environment Chickpeaand groundnut 3 4 Sorghum, pearl millet and Finger millet 2 4 Pigeonpea – Photo-thermo sensitive 1 1 Pigeonpea – photo-thermo insensitive (Super early) 2 3 Accelerating Genetic Gains through Rapid Generation Turnover (Speed Breeding) Current status Protocol developed for taking 6 generations per year in chickpea Target up to 6 generations per year +
• 7.
  Accelerating Genetic Gainsby improving Selection Accuracy Marker-assisted selection of traits for which validated markers are available  drought tolerance in chickpea  FW and Sterility mosaic disease resistance in pigeonpea  foliar disease resistance and high oleic acid in groundnut  drought tolerance and shoot fly resistance in sorghum  drought tolerance and downy mildew resistance in pearl millet Groundnut lines bred using markers for high oleic and resistance to LLS and rust are advanced stages of testing for release in 2019Chickpea variety ICCV 10 with QTL-hotspot MABC line
• 8.
  Accelerating Genetic Gainsby improving Selection Accuracy Genomic Selection (GS)  Chickpea: GS initiated in partnership with IARI  Groundnut & Pearl millet: Genomic prediction models developed Prediction accuracies: • Days to bloom: 0.88; Plant height: 0.72 • 100 grain weight: 0.74; Grain yield: 0.51 GS prediction accuracies for different traits in pearl millet hybrid breeding program Trait Prediction accuracy Days to 50% flowering 0.562 to 0.851 Days to maturity 0.254 to 0.815 100-seed weight 0.792 to 0.912 Grain yield 0.138 to 0.606 GS prediction accuracies in chickpea from different models and environments
• 9.
  • High throughputprecision phenotyping Managed environments Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) for nutritional quality traits. • Efficient experimental designs and statistical analysis Spatial analysis, Partially replicated designs, Multi-environment Trial (MET) analysis, Pedigree BLUP, etc. Accelerating Genetic Gains by improving Selection Accuracy
• 10.
  Making hybrid breedingprogram more efficient by exploiting information on heterotic gene pools and quality control Heterotic groups identified in pearl millet • Heterotic gene pools identified in pearl millet and pigeonpea • The information is being used in development of new set of hybrid parental lines and hybrids. In pearl millet, hybrids developed based on heterotic gene pools gave 10% higher yield then the best hybrids. • DNA fingerprinting of parental lines/hybrids for quality control
• 11.
  Vijayapura Dharwad Jaipur Ludhiana Sehore Rahuri Palanpur Raniwada Jodhpur Bhubaneswar Badnapur Parbhani Akola Vizianagaram Peddapuram Ranichauri Almora Alwar Early generation testingin Target Population of Environments (TPEs) Accelerating Genetic Gains by improving Selection Accuracy
• 12.
  Mainstreaming nutritional qualitytraits in crop breeding  First biofortified Pearl Millet variety, Dhanshakthi grown in ~50,000 ha.  First biofortified Sorghum variety, Parbhani Shakthi released in 2018 in India  Studies on seed localization of Fe and Zn are in progress in sorghum. Vice Chancellor of VNMKV-Parbhani and the DG-ICRISAT releasing Parbhani Shakthi on 5th July 2018 R2 of 0.98 for phytates R2 of 0.94 for polyphenols • Enhanced protein content in chickpea and pigeonpea • Enhanced iron and zinc content in all crops • Required genetic variability available. • High throughput phenotyping (XRF and NIRS) standardized for pearl millet, sorghum and groundnut and being standardized for the remaining crops. Phytate and polyphenols in grain strongly chelate minerals including Fe and Zn, and thereby reducing their bioavailability
• 13.
  New traits incrop breeding pipelines Water logging in pigeonpea Red grain sorghum Heat sensitive Heat tolerant Machine harvestable chickpea Herbicide tolerance in chickpea • Labor-saving traits: Machine harvestability and herbicide tolerance in chickpea • Adaptation to climate change and new growing conditions: Heat tolerance in chickpea; water logging tolerance in pigeonpea; and lodging tolerance in pearl millet. • Forage quality: In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility (IVOMD) in sorghum and pearl millet (partnership with ILRI). • Market-preferred traits: Red gain sorghum for brewing and animal feed.
• 14.
  Improving operational efficiencies •Enhancing mechanization, automation and digitization • Implementing Breeding Management System (BMS)  already in use; historical data to be migrated • Cold stores – refurbished  Short-term Cold Stores (12-16 0C): 545 m2  Medium-term Cold Stores (4 0C): 178 m2 • Establishing a Seed Processing Unit • Implementing Seed Inventory Management System
• 15.
  Enhancing partnerships withprivate sector • Hybrid Parent Reseach Consortium – several new members • Food processing industries – MARS, PRAN Agro (Bangladesh), FRYO Industries • Service providers - Intertek (SNP), Rapid phenotyping (hand- held NIRS with EiB), Waite lab (Australia). • Modernizing Pearl millet breeding program – Corteva with EiB
• 16.
  Enhancing cross-regional collaborationsin crop improvement • Sharing knowledge and breeding materials • Participation of scientists from all regions in Crop-wise Scientists’ Meet/Field Days organized at Patancheru • Developing and sharing standard operating procedures for crop breeding and testing • Technical backstopping in aflatoxin diagnostics • Characterization of pest and pathogen population • Sharing/establishing phenotyping facilities • Developing joint research proposals in the areas of common research priorities
• 17.
  Research Priority forICM Priority Chickpea Pigeonpea Groundnut Sorghum Pearl millet Finger millet 1 Dry root rot Pod borer Fusarium wilt Pod borer Aflatoxin Leaf spots Shoot fly Fall army worm Blast Downy mildew Blast 2 Fusarium wilt Phytophthora blight SMD Maruca Stem rot Grain mold Charcoal rot Stem borer Rust 3 Ascochyta blight Collar rot Dry root rot Pod fly Collar rot Anthracnose Leaf Blight Ergot Smut 4 Botrytis grey mold Rust Integrated Crop Management (ICM)
• 18.
  Developing early detectionsystems for pests & diseases F. oxysporum f sp. ciceris & R. bataticola in chickpea • Monitoring and real time surveillance of pests & diseases  Tracking prevalence & movement of insect pests & diseases  Artificial intelligence and machine learning to increase the large scale monitoring at farm-level • Determining diagnostic wavelengths & development of aerial sensors • Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for visual detection pathogens from infected plants & soil • NGS based detection of viral pathogen Fall armyworm affected area around the Globe as on 31st Dec 2018
• 19.
  Climate change andplant protection • Climate change facilities to study the effects of climate variability on host x pathogen interactions • Identification and mapping of risk zones for emerging diseases/insect-pests under climate change scenarios • Host–insect-pests/pathogens interactions in relation to simulated climate variables • Weather-based prediction models for timely management of diseases/insect-pests Center of Excellence on climate change research for plant protection to develop pest and disease management for climate change adaptation Climate change facility @ ICRISAT
• 20.
  Advances in hostplant resistance Precision phenotyping • Identification of resistant sources for emerging diseases and insect-pests • Multi-location evaluation at hot spots to identify stable resistance Effectromics • Identify effectors and host gene functions in H×P interactions Induced systemic resistance (ISR) • Identify PGPR/ metabolites and chemicals to induce SAR Mechanism of disease resistance • Proteomics/metabolomics/transcriptomics to understand host x pathogen/pest interactions Wilt sick plot DM screening
• 21.
  Wilt sick plot Growthchamber • Sequencing and re-sequencing of pathogens and beneficial microorganisms • Allelic variation of candidate genes encoding effectors and pathogenicity related proteins • Mapping of soil microbiome (pathogenic and beneficial) and their exploitation in sustainable plant health • Development of genomic resources for plant pathogens WGS-Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceris Microbial imprinting Functional classification of differentially expressed transcripts of Foc.
• 22.
  Wilt sick plot Growthchamber Microbes for IPM, BNF and biofortification • Designer microbial consortia for target pests/pathogens • Emphasis on metabolite and semio-chemical based plant protection • New bioagents with broad spectrum efficacy such as actinomycetes • High nodulating and N2 fixing rhizobia and diazotrophic bacteria • PGPR assisted biofortification Cyclo(Trp-Phe) Citrinin O O O CH3O O O HO HO RO OHO O O O CH3O HO 7 2 4 2' 4' R=H, Judaicin-7-O-glucoside Iso-flavonoids in wild chickpea Cicer judaicum R= malonyl, Judaicin-7-O-malonylglucoside
• 23.
  Plant Quarantine Unit Detectionand Diagnostics • Use of non-invasive techniques for seed-borne pest detection (Videometer seed analyzer, Soft X-ray analysis) • Nucleic acid based detection (NGS based detection of seed- borne viral pathogens) Quality Management System (QMS) • Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs) - Eight SOPs for PQU activities • Working instructions for equipment • Use of barcode for capturing the seed health test data Salvaging • Identify more effective fungicides for seed treatment Capacity building • Organize Phytosanitary awareness programs • Impart training to National and International Plant Quarantine staff in collaboration with NIPHM Videometer seed analyzer Healthy seeds Insect infestation
• 24.
  ICRISAT Development Center(IDC) - Undertaking large-scale uptake of science backed technologies
• 25.
  Current Research &Development Projects with IDC Type of projects Number Target Indian states Interventions Government funded R&D projects 9 UP, Odisha, Karnataka, AP Soil-water-nutrient-crop management; Mechanization, M&E CSR projects 12 Karnataka, Telangana, MH, AP, Odisha Rainwater harvesting & watershed management Research Projects (SDC, Newton Bhabha, FAO, MoES) 4 Karnataka, AP, UP, MH, CG, Odisha Water balance studies, Crop modelling, crop insurance, management of rice-fallows, etc Number of projects : 25; Total value US$ 31.3 million
• 26.
  • Holistic approachto benefit smallholder farmers • Integrate the outputs from research across the whole value chain (soil and water management, improved cultivars and production technologies, climate smart production systems, post-harvest management and value addition, etc). • Serve as a self-sustaining business model, attracting funding from corporates and other development investors. • Work with a range of R&D partners, focusing on trust building through transparency & accountability, and mutual learning and capacity building. • Making efforts to enhance collaborations with other programs in ICRISAT, ICAR Institutes and SAUs. • Serve as a platform to capture lessons learnt • Provide feedback into ICRISAT’s research programs to support problem solving and demand-driven research. • Further develop the science of scaling-up/out through lessons learnt. Focus areas/strategies of IDC
• 27.
  Recent developments/upgrades Micro-sick plotsfor transgenic researchGroundnut Hybridization block Farm and Engineering Services Upgrade of Seed Stores Cold Rooms 500Kw Rooftop Solar power Rooftop waterproofing
• 28.
  Fabrication of Machineries Planterfor CAZRI Tractor operated Tropicultor Peanut stripper Easy planter Plastic Mulching cum Drip Lateral Laying Equipment Plot Threshers for African locations Upgrade of Machineries Upgrade of planters with new ALMACO Metering units
• 29.
  Development/upgrade of researchfacilities and purchase of new farm machineries • Development of RGT growth chambers & glasshouses. • Upgrade and automation of existing glasshouses • New machineries to enhance quality and efficiency of farm operations Auto-steer tractors; Laser land levelers; Precision pneumatic planters Self-propelled high clearance sprayer; Laser bird repellant Infrastructure development/upgrade • Replacement of sheet & truss-work 308 Crop-work area roofing • Covered structure over Maingate and upgrade of Visitors room • Enhancement of vehicle parking spaces: 2-wheeler & 4-wheeler • Upgrade of ESH & OSSH houses • Additional solar power plant – 1.0 Megawatt (on availability of funds) • New residential facilities Future proposed plans for FES
• 30.
  Thank You