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How can a simple machine reduce force

This document describes the six simple machines: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, screw, and wedge. It explains what each machine does, making work easier by reducing the amount of force needed, and often changing the direction of force. Compound machines are also mentioned, which are combinations of two or more simple machines working together, such as scissors, bicycles, and wheelbarrows.

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Something that makes work easier to do
Example: It's easier to lift & carry a rock with a wheelbarrow that to carry it with your hands
- They are machines with few or no moving parts
- It is a straight bar that moves on a fixed point "Fulcrum” Examples: Seesaw (1) Lever Load Fulcrum
Load Fulcrum -Pressing down on a lever, lifts up the load. -Levers change how much force you need to move something.
What does the lever do? - It makes it easier to lift loads. What happens to the force? - The force becomes less. - And the direction of force changes to the opposite.
(2) Pulley - It is a kind of lever that uses a wheel & a rope to lift an object Examples: When you pull down one end of the rope, the other end rises up Wheel Rope
What does the pulley do? - It makes it easier to lift loads. What happens to the force? - The force becomes less. - And the direction of force changes to the opposite.
(3) Wheel & Axle - It is a kind of lever that uses a wheel that moves around an axle. Examples: A Ferris wheel Wheel Axle
What does the wheel and axle do? - It makes it easier to move loads. What happens to the force? - The force becomes less.
A Door knob A Wheel barrow
A shopping cart A Mouse wheel
It is a simple machine with flat & inclined surface which reduce the force needed to move an object. Example: A Ramp - It is easier to slide a heavy box on an inclined Plane than to lift it up. (4) Inclined plane
What does the inclined plane do? - It makes it easier to carry loads up. What happens to the force? - The force becomes less. - And the distance becomes more.
- It is an inclined plane wrapped onto a spiral. - "A screw changes a turning force into a downward force“ as we turn the screw, it moves down. Example: {It is easier to turn a screw than to pound a nail} (5) A screw
What does the screw do? - It makes it easier to fix loads. What happens to the force? - The force becomes less. - And the direction of force changes from turning to downwards.
An Auger is a giant screw
 It is a simple machine that splits objects apart. "A Wedge changes a downwards force into sideways force" Examples: The Head of an Ax The Knife (6) A Wedge
What does the wedge do? - It makes it easier to cut loads. What happens to the force? - The force becomes less. - And the direction of force changes from downwards to sideways.
They are made of two or more simple machines together. Compound machines
2 wedges Fulcrum “fixed point” 2 levers A pair of scissors is a compound machine that is made of two wedges & two levers
Pulley Wheel & axle A bicycle is a compound machine that is made of pulleys & wheel & axle.
Wheel & axle Fulcrum Load A Wheelbarrow is a compound machine that is made of a lever & wheel & axle