handpiced used in dentitry and bief history

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Chapter 35
Dental Handpieces and
Accessories
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA)
All rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including input into or storage in any
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Produced in the United States of America
ISBN 0-7216-9770-4

Introduction
Rotary instruments complete different functions in
the cutting, polishing, and finishing of tooth
structure and the restoration process.

 1940s
• Introduction of rotary instruments.
• Belt-driven handpiece.
• Development of diamond cutting burs.
 1950s
• Invention of tungsten carbide.
• Development of the air-driven turbine
handpiece.
The Evolution of Rotary Equipment

 Most frequently used piece of machinery in
dentistry. The handpiece provides the power to
a rotary instrument that completes the actual
cutting or polishing of tooth structure and
castings.
Dental Handpiece

 Design
• Straight in appearance.
• Standard length and “shorty.”
• Speed ranges from 10,000 to 30,000
rotations per minute (rpm).
• Operates the rotary instrument in either a
forward or backward movement.
Low-Speed Handpiece

Fig. 35-2 Low-speed handpiece.

 Uses of the low-speed handpiece
• Intraoral
• Removal of soft decay and fine finishing of a
cavity preparation.
• Finishing and polishing of restorations.
• Coronal polishing and removal of stains.
• Extraoral
• Trimming and contouring temporary crowns.
• Trimming and relining of removable partials and
dentures.
• Trimming and contouring of orthodontic
appliances.
Low-Speed Handpiece-cont’d

 Straight attachment receives a long-shank
laboratory bur, the contra-angle attachment,
and the prophy angle attachment.
 Contra-angle attachment receives latch
type rotary instruments and mandrel.
Low-Speed Attachments

 Prophylaxis Angle
• Used during polishing procedures to hold
the prophy cup and bristle brush.
• Two types
• Plastic disposable “prophy” angle
• Metal “prophy” angle
Low-Speed Attachments-cont’d

 Design
• One-piece unit with a slight curve in
appearance.
• Operates from air pressure.
• Operates at speeds up to 450,000 rpm.
• Maintains a water-coolant system.
• Friction-grip locking system for rotary
instruments.
• Fiber-optic lighting.
High-Speed Handpiece

 Uses of the high-speed handpiece
• Removes decay.
• Removes an old or faulty restoration.
• Reduces the crown portion of the tooth for
the preparation of a crown or bridge.
• Prepares the outline and retention grooves
for a new restoration.
• Finishes or polishes a restoration.
• Sections a tooth during a surgery.
High-Speed Handpiece-cont’d

 Design
• Attached to the dental unit.
• Powered by electricity.
• Attachments are similar in appearance to
scaling instruments.
• Delivers a pulsating spray of water.
Ultrasonic Handpiece

 Uses of the ultrasonic handpiece
• Removes calculus.
• Removes stain.
• Removes bonding materials from a tooth
surface after orthodontic appliances are
removed.
• Removes cement after orthodontic bands are
removed.
Ultrasonic Handpiece-cont’d

 Design
• Uses a laser light beam instead of rotary
instruments.
• The laser is conducted through a
fiber-optic cable.
• Resembles a standard handpiece.
• Maintains a water-coolant system.
• Maintains an air-coolant system.
Laser Handpiece

 Uses:
• Cauterizes soft tissue.
• Vaporizes decayed tooth structure.
 Advantages:
• Usually painless.
• Patient usually does not require anesthesia.
• Proceed with procedure faster.
 Disadvantage:
• Cannot be used on teeth with existing
restorations.
Laser Handpiece-cont’d

 Design
• Small version of a sandblaster.
• Produces a high-pressure delivery of
aluminum oxide particles through a small
probe.
Air-Abrasion Handpiece

 Uses
• Prepares teeth for sealants.
• Removes external stains.
• Class I through class VI preparations.
• Endodontic access.
• Crown margins.
• Prepares a tooth surface for the cementation
of a cast restoration, such as a crown or
veneer.
Air-Abrasion Handpiece-cont’d

 Design
• Operates at speeds up to 20,000 rpm.
• Uses laboratory burs.
• Provides greater torque than handpieces
used intraorally.
Laboratory Handpiece

 General considerations
• Wear personal protective equipment and follow
universal precautions.
• Clean debris from the external surface.
• Clean the internal components of the
handpiece.
• Handpiece must be dry before being packaged.
• Wrap the handpiece for sterilization.
• Sterilize the handpiece.
• Wipe the light port on the fiber-optic with an
alcohol swab to remove any excess lubricant.
Handpiece Maintenance

 Three basic parts to a rotary instrument:
• Shank: Portion that fits into the handpiece.
• Straight shank
• Latch type shank
• Friction grip shank
• Neck: Portion of the rotary instrument that
connects the shank and the head.
• Head: The cutting, polishing, or finishing portion.
Rotary Cutting Instruments

Fig. 35-12 Types of shanks.

 Rotary instruments that have a sharp cutting
head.
 Uses
• Tooth preparation.
• Excavation of decay.
• Finishing cavity walls.
• Finishing restoration surfaces.
• Taking out old fillings.
• Finishing crown preparations.
• Separating crowns and bridges.
• Adjusting and correcting acrylic temporaries.
Dental Burs

 Diamond rotary instruments are used for
their cutting ability, which shortens
preparation time and increases productivity.
 Finishing rotary instruments: The more
cutting surfaces on the head of a bur, the
greater the polishing capability.
Types and Shapes of Burs

handpiced used in dentitry and bief history

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