Introduction
The government isresponsible for the development of the
country. Some important sectors of Indian economy are
agriculture, industry and commerce, finance,
communication and information technology, education,
health and family welfare. These sectors are vital for the
social and economic development of our country. Thus, good
governance plays a crucial role in the development.
Systematic economic development is possible through
proper planning. This was achieved by this setup of Planning
Commission on 15 March 1950. The Prime Minister was the
ex- officio Chairperson of the Planning Commission. We will
know about it in detail.
3.
Functions of thePlanning Commission
To assess the resources of the country.
To formulate plans for effective and the balanced utilization of the country's resources.
To identify the objectives of our economic policy.
To examine the extent of utilization of resources and the progress of the plans.
To supervise fair distribution of benefits of development to the largest number of
people.
4.
Five year Plansand their Importance
The Planning Commission had developed twelve five year plans and six
annual plans. The Five-Year Plans are important because:-
• They were formulated to tackle the problems of poverty,
unemployment and price rise
• They led to an improvement in infrastructure search as, increased
power generation, better communication and transportation. This in
turn has facilitated industrial and agricultural development.
• They also helped in better distribution of public resources for the
purposes of socio-economic development.
5.
Development in Agriculture
Agricultureis the mainstay of the Indian economy. It provides us food crops as cash crops
(they earn valuable foreign exchange). The importance of agricultural development was
recognised soon after the independence. The First five year plan gave highest priority to
the agriculture. Many reforms were then introduced like the zamindari system was
abolished and the scattered landholdings were consolidated. Many changes took place
due to the following reasons:-
1. Green Revolution
2. Use of Modern Agricultural Machinery
3. Use of High Yeilding Seeds
4. Proper Irrigation Facilities
5. Advanced Fertilizers and Pesticides
6. Establishment of Agricultural Research Departments like ICAR and DARE
.
6.
Industrial Development
The industriesplay an important role in the economic development of a
nation. A prosperous country needs a well-developed industries to provide
amenities to its citizens. The Five year plans initiated a program of industrial
development and resulted in a great change taken place in industrialization. A
large number of industries were set up. The government helped to set up
cottage and small scale industries. It gave many benefits to them like tax
benefits, special training facilities and special tax incentives to set up industries
in back ward regions of India. The government invested money that comes
from taxes in the heavy public sector industries. Joint sector industries and
Private sector industries were also established. All these developments show
that there has been progress in the field of industry which led to industrial
revolution in India.
7.
SOCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENTSBY
THE GOVERNMENT.
The Government also looks into the social welfare of the people. It
works towards ensuring the availability of safe drinking water,
sanitization, education and housing to all its citizens. Some of the
programme launched by the government in different social sectors
for the welfare of people.
8.
• The SarvaShiksha Abhiyan was
started in 2001.
This programme encourages
and promotes
universal elementary education
for all children in the age group
of 6-14 irrespective of their caste
and gender.
• Incentive-based programmes
like Nirmal Gram Puraskar
(2002) have been launched to
promote rural sanitation. In
urban areas, recycling and
reuse of sewage is encouraged.
For ensuring hygiene, waste
management and sanitation
across the nation, a Swachh
Bharat Mission was launched on
2 October 2014. It is being
implemented for urban and
rural areas.
9.
• Several Primaryand Community
Health Centres have been set up
in rural areas. The National
Rural Health Mission was
started in 2005 to provide better
healthcare facilities to the rural
population throughout the
country. Similarly, the National
Urban Health Mission was
launched to provide healthcare
for the urban poor living in the
slums.
• The Mahatama Gandhi National
Rural Employment Guarantee
act 2005 provides at least 100
days of guaranteed wage
employment every year to adult
members of rural households
below the poverty line.
10.
To improve theconditions of the
poor in the urban slums,
programmes like Basic Services to
the Urban Poor (BSUP).These
programme aim to provide
the housing facilities, basic
services and other civic amenities
to the urban poor. In rural areas
Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas
Yojana aims to meet the shortage
of housing.
The Bharat Nirman Plan was started for the
development of rural areas in 2005. The
objectives laid down in this plan are as
follows:
Construction of all-weather roads to
connect all villages
Provide telephones for communication.
Provide clean drinking water.
Provide electricity to rural households.
Construction of 60 lakh houses for the
poor.
Bringing as much as one crore hectares of
land under irrigation.
