The document discusses a proposed project to generate electricity from footwear using the piezoelectric effect. It notes that global energy demand is increasing while reliance on fossil fuels exacerbates issues like global warming. The project would harness energy from walking to power small electronics, which could generate huge amounts of renewable energy every day and reduce carbon emissions. Piezoelectric materials in the shoes' soles would convert the mechanical energy of footsteps into electricity through direct piezoelectric effect and charging circuits.

1. RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
THE ELECTRICITY PRODUCING FOOTWEAR

2. The Problems
 Our Project Have Potentially To Fight These Problem
 World Thirst For Energy Which Is Always Increasing
 Dependency On Conventional Energy Which Is Just Too Much
 Global Warming
 Wasting Up Of Resources
 Limitation Of Non Conventional Energy

3. World Energy Thirst
 EIA's recently released International Energy Outlook 2013 (IEO2013) projects that world
energy consumption will grow by 56% between 2010 and 2040, from 524 quadrillion
British thermal units (Btu) to 820 quadrillion Btu. Most of this growth will come from
non-OECD (non-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries,
where demand is driven by strong economic growth.
 Renewable energy and nuclear power are the world's fastest-growing energy sources,
each increasing 2.5% per year. However, fossil fuels continue to supply nearly 80% of
world energy use through 2040. Natural gas is the fastest-growing fossil fuel, as global
supplies of tight gas, shale gas, and coal bed methane increase.
 Based on current policies and regulations governing fossil fuel use, global energy-
related carbon dioxide emissions are projected to rise to 45 billion metric tons in 2040,
a 46% increase from 2010. Economic growth in developing nations, fueled by a
continued reliance on fossil fuels, accounts for most of the emissions increases.

5. The Global Warming

6.  Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface
temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as
carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from
deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape
from Earth. This is a type of greenhouse effect

7. Effects Of Global Warming

8. Cause Of Global Warming
 Burning of fossil fuels (Coal/Crude oil)
 Power plants generate electricity
 Transportation-----fuels for transports (E.g. LPG,
kerosene, fuel oil)
 Industrial processes (E.g. manufacture of
cement, steel, aluminum)
 Other greenhouse gases emission
 Agriculture
 Forestry
 Other land uses
 Waste management

9. Example : Using natural gas to cook
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O

10. How Serious The Problem Is?

11.  increased about 0.6°C/century since the late19th century
 increased to 2°C/century over the past 25 years
 Regions that have temperatures (1-3°C) warmer than the average:
 United States
 Most of the Europe
 Regions that have temperatures (1-3°C) cooler than the average:
 Australia
 The potential future effects of global climate change include more
frequent wildfires, longer periods of drought in some regions and
an increase in the number, duration and intensity of tropical
storms. Global climate change has already had observable effects on
the environment.

12. Direct TemperatureEffects
Increase in average temperature
More extreme heat waves during the summer; Less extreme cold spells
during the winter
Harmful to those with heart problems, asthma, the elderly, the very
young and the homeless

13. ExtremeEvents
 Extreme Events:
 Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods
and Droughts
Global warming
An increase in the frequency of extreme events
More event-related deaths, injuries, infectious
diseases, and stress-related disorders

14. Climate-sensitivediseases
 Increase the risk of some infectious diseases
 [particularly that appear in warm areas; are spread by mosquitoes and
other insects]
 E.g. Malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, encephalitis
 Algal blooms occur more frequently as
temperatures warm (particularly in areas with
polluted waters)
Diseases (e.g. cholera) accompanying algal blooms
become more frequent

15. Air Quality
An increase in the concentration of
ground-level ozone
Damage lung tissue
Harmful for those with asthma and
other chronic lung diseases

16. Food supply
Rising temperatures and variable
precipitation
Decrease the production of staple foods
in many of the poorest regions
Increasing risks of malnutrition

17. Population displacement
Rising sea levels
Increase the risk of coastal flooding
(Necessitate population displacement)
 More than half of the world's population now lives within
60km of the sea.
 Most vulnerable regions: Nile delta in Egypt, the Ganges-
Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh, many small islands,
such as the Maldives, the Marshall Islands and Tuvalu.

18. UV Exposure (Australia)
 Skin Cancer
 an abnormal growth of skin tissues.
 Premature aging
 make the skin thick, wrinkled, and leathery
 Cataracts
 No longer have transparent lenses in their eyes

19. UV Exposure (Australia)
 Other Eye Damages
 Skin cancer around the eyes
 Degeneration of the yellow spot
 Suppression of Immunity
 Overexposure to UV radiation  suppress proper
functioning of the body's immune system and natural
defenses of skin
 UV-B radiation weakens the immune system 
increases the chance of infection and disease

20. Non Conventional Energy
 Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are
replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly
from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth.
Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated
from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal
resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable
resources.

25. Limitation
 Current availability of fuel obtained from plants that can be used as
economical energy practically is limited. Though lot of research and
development activities is going on around to world to develop plants that
could provides suitable fuels economically and in sufficient quantities.
 The total potential of renewable energy source as wind power and tidal
power is limited.
 The current capital cost for equipment to convert renewable energy such
as solar, wing and tide is very high.
 Plant for generating power from wind, and tides can be located only in
places where suitable conditions of tide or wind exist.
 The plant for generating energy from sun light, wind and solar energy have
to be spread around large areas.

26.  Solar power is dependent on availability of sunlight. Thus the availability of power
fluctuates from zero to maximum every day.
 There have been some allegations that large scale use of wind power can
interfere pattern of wind flow and disturb the set weather pattern. Use of hydro
power is already known change the pattern of silting in rivers.
 Solar energy disadvantages:
 solar radiation is depending on geographical location
 solar radiation is depending on the cycle day/night
 capture of solar radiation is requiring a large amount of necessary materials
 Wind energy disadvantages:
 wind turbines are noisy and can become dangerous for wild birds
 Hydroelectric energy disadvantages:
 affects ecology by the process of vegetation decaying, which is releasing methane,
which is also responsible with the greenhouse effects
 flooding is another problem caused by the dam releasing;
 Geothermal energy disadvantages:
 geothermal wells drilling is costly
 together with the heat, poisonous gasses could be released

28. How Our Project Can Help ?

29. How Much Do We Walk In Our Life
Span?
 The average moderately active person take around
7,500 step/day. If you maintain that daily average
and live until 80 years of age, you’ll have walked
about 216,262,500 steps in your lifetime.
 Doing the math; the average person with the
average stride living until 80 will walk a distance of
around 110,000 miles.
 Which is the equivalent of walking about 5 times
around the Earth, right on the equator.

30. Electricity generating Footwear
 While looking for our project we first thought of tidal energy which had a
large scope in the coming decade but not every country have sea
connection. So it was not possible and a solution in this case is something
which satisfy every country to make a bigger change. And while looking for
a solution we came the Piezo Electric Effect. First we thought the idea
cannot produced such a major but after some calculation it was literally
mind blowing results. The concept of making shoes that produce electricity
may seem but odd but the amount of electricity that can be saved from
the it is massive.

31. Don’t believe this is revolutionary?
 After this calculation you will also believe.
 The typical cell phone battery voltage is around 3 to 4Vdc.
Also, the battery is rated in mAh which is a measure of battery
capacity (milliamp * hours). If I remember correctly a decent
phone battery is around 2000-3000mAh. This means that if I
connect a load to this battery which draws 2000-3000mA, the
battery will roughly survive for about an hour. Theoretically.

32.  Assume that your new smart phone has the following specifications....
3.5V battery
3000mAH battery capacity
Requires a full recharge everyday.

Therefore the battery lasts 24hours, which correlates directly to the AVERAGE current
draw on the battery:
I = 3000mAH / 24H = 125mA
Knowing that your battery is 3.5V, finding the AVERAGE power consumption is just
Power = V * I = 3.5 * .125 = .4375W
 So,
Around 6, 57, 29, 50,124+ mobile phone users. As we speak this number is
increasing at a very fast rate.
 Each mobile consume around .5W
 So everyday total consumption is = 5*6, 57, 29, 50,124
 = 32,86,47,50,620 W

33.  And if we add other small appliance like mp3 player, watches,
wireless joy-pad and gaming console, power bank, GPS devices,
wireless speaker ,etc. this will easily become around 50,00,00,00,000
W. Around 5,00,00,000 KW( 50 million kilowatt).Assuming this to be
done in one day(24 hours *150 days as the rest of the time we will
not be walking or doing any kind of work) then it will be
8 640 000 000 000 Kilowatt hour [kWh]= 8 640 Terawatt hour [TWh].
It is equal to 2 times the total production of USA electricity power
and 7 times that of India . This energy is 100% natural and is
independent of external factors like sunlight, wind, etc. So this can
be a new step towards a bright energy rich future.
 This is equal to 994800000 kg CO2e which is equivalent to
271580400 kg of Carbon which we can save from entering the
atmosphere daily. And this could contribute a lot in fighting global
warming.

34. Concept Behind the Project
 Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric
charge in response to applied mechanical stress. The word Piezoelectric is
derived from the Greek piezein, which means to squeeze or press,
and piezo, which is Greek for “push”.
 One of the unique characteristics of the piezoelectric effect is that it is
reversible, meaning that materials exhibiting the direct piezoelectric effect
(the generation of electricity when stress is applied) also exhibit the
converse piezoelectric effect (the generation of stress when an electric field
is applied).

35.  When piezoelectric material is placed under mechanical stress, a shifting of
the positive and negative charge centers in the material takes place, which
then results in an external electrical field. When reversed, an outer
electrical field either stretches or compresses the piezoelectric material.
 Why Not Use Dynamos?

As much as possible, we tried to avoid
using dynamos. Yes dynamos produce
more electricity but it will feel like
you've stuffed a rock in your shoe.
Don't forget dynamos will create a lot
of noise.