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This document discusses session, cookies, GET and POST methods in web development. It explains that HTTP is the communication protocol used to deliver web content. Sessions and cookies are used to store and retrieve user information across multiple requests. GET sends data via the URL query string, while POST encodes it in the message body. Sessions are more secure as cookies can be accessed directly, but both allow maintaining state on the server.
This document provides an overview of exponential random graph models (ERGMs) for statistically modeling social networks. It discusses the goals of using ERGMs, which are to understand structural features of networks, test hypotheses about network formation processes, and link macro network structures to micro behaviors. Example model terms that can be used in ERGMs are described, ranging from simple models with just edges to more complex models incorporating triangles, degree distributions, and homophily. The document outlines the challenges of estimating ERGM parameters using maximum likelihood due to the normalizing constant, and notes that simulation-based approximations are typically used instead.
This document outlines topics in social network analysis presented by Suman Banerjee of IIT Kharagpur. It introduces basics of modeling social networks as graphs and outlines several research issues including community detection, link prediction, opinion dynamics, influence propagation, and stability analysis. It also lists some tools, journals, conferences, and top researchers in the field of social network analysis.
Gephi Plugin Devleoper Workshop, October 6, 2011 in Mountain View, California.
Presentation of Gephi's architecture and the different types of plugins that can be written with examples. Details about Gephi's API, code examples and best practices are presented. The Gephi Toolkit is also covered.
Google BigQuery Servisi İle Büyük Veri İşlemleri Ve Sorgu Sonuçlarının BIME İ...Cenk Derinozlu
Bildiride büyük veri analizi için Google BigQuery, Analiz edilen verilerin görsel olarak raporlanması için SAAS tabanlı iş zekası çözümlerinden BIME, Google BigQuery ile BIME bağlantısı ve sonuçların mobil olarak izlenebilmesi için gerçekleştirilebilecek android uyumlu çözümlerden bahsedilmiştir.
1. The document describes PinSage, a graph convolutional neural network model for recommender systems applied at scale to Pinterest.
2. PinSage models the Pinterest environment as a bipartite graph and uses localized graph convolutions with importance-based sampling to generate embeddings of pins for recommendation.
3. It trains the model with a max-margin loss function on large minibatches processed in parallel using multiple GPUs and achieves state-of-the-art performance on pin recommendation.
Stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOMs) allow for the modeling of interdependent network and behavioral change over time. SAOMs conceptualize change as occurring through a sequence of micro-steps, with actors making decisions to change their ties or behaviors based on maximizing an objective function. The objective function specifies how different network and behavioral effects influence these decisions. SAOMs can be used to estimate the effects of network structure on behaviors or behaviors on network structure while accounting for endogenous network and behavioral processes.
THE 3V's OF BIG DATA: VARIETY, VELOCITY, AND VOLUME from Structure:Data 2012Gigaom
The document discusses the 3 V's of big data: volume, velocity, and variety. It provides examples of how each V impacts data analysis and storage. It also discusses how text data has been a major driver of big data growth and challenges. The key challenges are processing large and diverse datasets quickly enough to keep up with real-time data streams and demands.
Quick introduction to community detection.
Structural properties of real world networks, definition of "communities", fundamental techniques and evaluation measures.
Social Network Analysis Introduction including Data Structure Graph overview. Doug Needham
Social Network Analysis Introduction including Data Structure Graph overview. Given in Cincinnati August 18th 2015 as part of the DataSeed Meetup group.
This document provides an overview of key network analysis measures that can be calculated using the Gephi software tool, including global measures like density, degree, diameter, and average path length. It also discusses positional measures like degree centrality, eigenvector centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. Finally, it briefly mentions local measures like community structure, cliques, and community detection using modularity. Examples analyzing the karate club network are provided for several of the measures.
HTML5 is a markup language used to structure web page content. It introduces new elements such as <header>, <nav>, <video>, <audio>, and <canvas>. The document discusses these new elements and how to use them to add things like navigation menus, videos, images, and forms to a web page. It also covers how to add CSS styling to format the page layout and appearance. Developers can validate their HTML5 code using the W3C validation service to check for errors.
The document describes research on enhancing recommender systems through the use of user profiles and tagging systems. It discusses how user profiles can be used to provide personalized recommendations by describing a user's interests. It presents two research papers that studied how profile similarity and rating overlap between users can improve recommendation accuracy and user confidence. It also discusses how tagging systems can be leveraged by integrating user, tag, and resource dimensions. One paper proposes a personalized recommender model for folksonomies that extends the folksonomy by combining shared tags/resources and recommends tags and resources based on a user's profile and tagging history.
This document provides a tutorial on how to use Gephi software to analyze and visualize network graphs. It outlines the basic steps of importing a sample graph file, applying layout algorithms to organize the nodes, calculating metrics, detecting communities, filtering the graph, and exporting/saving the results. The tutorial demonstrates features of Gephi including node ranking, partitioning, and interactive visualization of the graph.
This document summarizes the contents and structure of the Global Mapper user manual. It provides instructions on how to download the software and manual, and access the manual offline. It also describes the software's registration process and limitations for the unregistered version. The summary covers the program toolbar and menus, including the File, Edit, View, Tools, Search, and Help menus and their main commands.
The document is the user manual for Global Mapper software. It provides instructions on downloading and installing the software, registering for full access to features, and an overview of the program menus and tools. The File menu allows opening and importing data, loading workspaces, exporting data to various formats, and saving screenshots. The View and Tools menus control map display and analysis tools. Registration is required for advanced mapping, analysis, and exporting functions.
This document provides the program parameters file for AutoCAD 2013. It defines external commands, command aliases, and user defined command aliases that can be used within AutoCAD. Recommendations are provided for creating new command aliases and examples of predefined aliases are listed for commonly used AutoCAD commands.
This document discusses best practices for using Ansible for automation and configuration management. It recommends writing reusable roles with atomic and well-parameterized configuration, keeping roles in separate Git repositories, and using defaults instead of variables where possible. It also presents three patterns for using Ansible: a single playbook with hierarchical variables, configuration encoders to support multiple file formats, and using an Android repo script to manage multiple environments and versions of roles continuously.
DroidConUk 2016 [Barcamp]
In this conference, I want to talk about treatments.
By treatments, I mean where and how do you implement your business logic, the way your application handles data, your global algorithms,
And to do that, I need first to talk you about Architecture. But in Android, when you say "Architecture" every boby answers MVP / MVVM / ... so we will first have a look to those patterns, from an history point of view then we will discover that we have missed some layer to split concerns accross the application.
So we will talk about layer architecture (yep, also known as N-Tier architecture).
So, we have a better idea of what a generic architecture should be, now let's apply it on Android: Let's talk about the application object, and the service services layer, in particular we'll dive into the problem "do our business services have to be implemented extending Service ?".
Then I talk to you about a ServiceManager, that we have to implement, to centralize the management of all your services and all your threads pools.
And some much more :)
Enjoy the talk,
Uncharted Together- Navigating AI's New Frontiers in LibrariesBrian Pichman
Journey into the heart of innovation where the collaborative spirit between information professionals, technologists, and researchers illuminates the path forward through AI's uncharted territories. This opening keynote celebrates the unique potential of special libraries to spearhead AI-driven transformations. Join Brian Pichman as we saddle up to ride into the history of Artificial Intelligence, how its evolved over the years, and how its transforming today's frontiers. We will explore a variety of tools and strategies that leverage AI including some new ideas that may enhance cataloging, unlock personalized user experiences, or pioneer new ways to access specialized research. As with any frontier exploration, we will confront shared ethical challenges and explore how joint efforts can not only navigate but also shape AI's impact on equitable access and information integrity in special libraries. For the remainder of the conference, we will equip you with a "digital compass" where you can submit ideas and thoughts of what you've learned in sessions for a final reveal in the closing keynote.
Connector Corner: Leveraging Snowflake Integration for Smarter Decision MakingDianaGray10
The power of Snowflake analytics enables CRM systems to improve operational efficiency, while gaining deeper insights into closed/won opportunities.
In this webinar, learn how infusing Snowflake into your CRM can quickly provide analysis for sales wins by region, product, customer segmentation, customer lifecycle—and more!
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It's your unstructured data: How to get your GenAI app to production (and spe...Zilliz
So you've successfully built a GenAI app POC for your company -- now comes the hard part: bringing it to production. Aparavi addresses the challenges of AI projects while addressing data privacy and PII. Our Service for RAG helps AI developers and data scientists to scale their app to 1000s to millions of users using corporate unstructured data. Aparavi’s AI Data Loader cleans, prepares and then loads only the relevant unstructured data for each AI project/app, enabling you to operationalize the creation of GenAI apps easily and accurately while giving you the time to focus on what you really want to do - building a great AI application with useful and relevant context. All within your environment and never having to share private corporate data with anyone - not even Aparavi.
"Hands-on development experience using wasm Blazor", Furdak Vladyslav.pptxFwdays
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Top 12 AI Technology Trends For 2024.pdfMarrie Morris
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The democratization of Generative AI is ushering in a new era of innovation for enterprises. Discover how you can harness this powerful technology to deliver unparalleled customer value and securing a formidable competitive advantage in today's competitive market. In this session, you will learn how to:
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Welcome to Cyberbiosecurity. Because regular cybersecurity wasn't complicated...Snarky Security
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-------------------------
This document provides a comprehensive analysis of the security implications biological data use. The analysis explores various aspects of biological data security, including the vulnerabilities associated with data access, the potential for misuse by state and non-state actors, and the implications for national and transnational security. Key aspects considered include the impact of technological advancements on data security, the role of international policies in data governance, and the strategies for mitigating risks associated with unauthorized data access.
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The evolving landscape of biology and biotechnology, significantly influenced by advancements in computer science, engineering, and data science, is reshaping our understanding and manipulation of biological systems. The integration of these disciplines has led to the development of fields such as computational biology and synthetic biology, which utilize computational power and engineering principles to solve complex biological problems and innovate new biotechnological applications. This interdisciplinary approach has not only accelerated research and development but also introduced new capabilities such as gene editing and biomanufact
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This PDF delves into the aspects of information security from a forensic perspective, focusing on privacy leaks. It provides insights into the methods and tools used in forensic investigations to uncover and mitigate privacy breaches in mobile and cloud environments.
1. Tutorial
Layouts
* Introduction
Gephi Tutorial
* Install plugins
* Import file
* Run
Layouts
* Choice
* ForceAtlas
Welcome to this advanced tutorial. It will teach you the fine art of network
* Fruchterman-Reingold layout in Gephi: how to use algorithms that place the nodes inside the graphic space.
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd Gephi version 0.8alpha was used to do this tutorial.
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout Get Gephi
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
Last updated June 13th, 2011
2. Tutorial
Layouts Install layout plugins
* Introduction We need to install additional plugins.
* Install plugins
* Import file
* Run • Go to the Tools menu and then Plugins.
* Choice
• In the Available Plugins tab check:
* ForceAtlas
- OpenOrdLayout
* Fruchterman-Reingold - CircularLayout
* YifanHu Multilevel - GeoLayout
* OpenOrd - Geometric Transformation
* ForceAtlas 2 - NoverlapLayout
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout • Click on Install. The plugins are installed
* Geographic map and you are asked to reboot Gephi. Click
* Node overlapping OK.
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
3. Tutorial
Layouts Open Graph File
* Introduction • Download the file LesMiserables.gexf
* Install plugins
* Import file • In the menubar, go to File Menu and Open...
* Run
* Choice • When your file is opened, the report sums up data found and any issues.
* ForceAtlas - Number of nodes
* Fruchterman-Reingold - Number of edges
* YifanHu Multilevel - Type of graph
* OpenOrd
• Click on OK to validate and see the graph.
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
Graph Format
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
- GEXF - Tulip TLP
- GraphML - CSV
- Pajek NET - Netdraw VNA
- GDF - Compressed ZIP/GZ
- GML
4. Tutorial
Layouts You should now see a graph
* Introduction We imported the “Les Miserables” dataset1. This is a coappearance weighted network of
* Install plugins characters in the novel “Les Miserables” from Victor Hugo.
* Import file
* Run
* Choice
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform Node position is random at first, so you may see a slighty different representation.
* Save
* Conclusion
1
D. E. Knuth, The Stanford GraphBase: A Platform for Combinatorial Computing, Addison-Wesley,
Reading, MA (1993).
5. Tutorial
Layouts Run a layout
* Introduction Layout algorithms set the graph shape, it is the most essential operation.
* Install plugins
* Import file • Locate the Layout module, on the left panel.
* Run
* Choice • Choose “Force Atlas”
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold You can see the layout properties below, leave default
values.
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2 • Click on to launch the algorithm.
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map • You see now the positions of nodes changing in real time.
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
Layout algorithms
* Conclusion
Graphs are usually laid out with “Force-based” algorithms. They follow a simple principle: linked
nodes attract each other and non-linked nodes are pushed apart.
6. Tutorial
Layouts Control the layout
* Introduction The purpose of Layout Properties is to let you control the algorithm in order to make a
* Install plugins readable representation.
* Import file
* Run • Set the “Repulsion strengh” at 10 000 to expand
* Choice the graph.
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold • Type “Enter” to validate the changed value.
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map • And now the algorithm.
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
Tips
* Conclusion
Click on the icon “Center on Graph” on the bottom left of the Visualization panel if you don’t
see the graph anymore.
7. Tutorial
Layouts You should now see a graph with the layout applied
* Introduction
* Install plugins
* Import file
* Run
* Choice
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
8. Tutorial
Layouts Play against the algorithm!
* Introduction Run the layout again and drag the nodes to stress it.
* Install plugins
* Import file • Locate Dragging action, in the top left of the
* Run Visualization panel.
* Choice
• Ajust the selection diameter in the panel or by
* ForceAtlas
using the shortcut “Ctrl + Mouse Wheel”.
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd Increase the “Autostab strength” in the Layout Properties to 100 000, then drag the
* ForceAtlas 2 nodes. The graph becomes less deformed.
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout • And now the algorithm.
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
9. Tutorial
Layouts Various layouts exist
* Introduction Gephi implements various layout algorithms. They set the shape of the graph.
* Install plugins OpenOrd ForceAtlas 2
* Import file
* Run
* Choice
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map Radial Axis GeoLayout
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
Airlines sample dataset: http://gephi.org/datasets/airlines-sample.gexf
10. Tutorial
Layouts So how to choose a layout?
* Introduction In general, select one according to the feature of the topology you want to highlight:
* Install plugins
* Import file
* Run
* Choice emphasis emphasis
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold
DIVISIONS COMPLEMENTARITIES
* YifanHu Multilevel ForceAtlas, Yifan Hu,
OpenOrd
Frushterman-Reingold
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout emphasis
* Geographic map emphasis GEOGRAPHIC
* Node overlapping RANKING REPARTITION
* Geometric transform
* Save Circular, Radial Axis GeoLayout
* Conclusion
Graphic Adjustements
- Label Adjust - Expansion
- Noverlap - Contraction
11. Tutorial
Layouts ForceAtlas layout
* Introduction Home-brew layout of Gephi, it is made to spatialize Small-World / Scale-free networks.
* Install plugins It is focused on quality (meaning “being useful to explore real data”) to allow a rigor-
* Import file ous interpretation of the graph (e.g. in SNA) with the fewest biases possible, and a good
* Run readability even if it is slow.
* Choice Author: Mathieu Jacomy
* ForceAtlas Date: 2007
* Fruchterman-Reingold Kind: Force-directed
* YifanHu Multilevel Complexity: O(N²)
* OpenOrd Graph size: 1 to 10 000 nodes
* ForceAtlas 2 Use edge weight: Yes
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
12. Tutorial
Layouts Run ForceAtlas
* Introduction the layout by applying the following settings step by step:
* Install plugins
* Import file
• Autostab strength = 2 000 Increase to move the nodes slowly.
* Run
* Choice • Repulsion strength = 1 000 How strongly does each node reject others.
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold • Attraction strength = 1 How strongly each pair of connected nodes at-
* YifanHu Multilevel tract each other.
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2 • Gravity = 100 Attract all nodes to the center to avoid disper-
* Circular Layout sion of disconnected components.
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map • Attraction Distrib. = checked Push hubs (high number of output links) at the
periphery and put authorities (high number of in-
* Node overlapping
put links) more central.
* Geometric transform
* Save And now the algorithm.
* Conclusion
Adjust by Sizes
This option avoids node overlapping, depending on the size of each node.
13. Tutorial
Layouts Fruchterman-Reingold layout
* Introduction It simulates the graph as a system of mass particles. The nodes are the mass particles and
* Install plugins the edges are springs between the particles. The algorithms try to minimize the energy
* Import file of this physical system. It has become a standard but remains very slow.
* Run
* Choice Author: Thomas Fruchterman & Edward Reingold1
* ForceAtlas Date: 1991
* Fruchterman-Reingold Kind: Force-directed
* YifanHu Multilevel Complexity: O(N²)
* OpenOrd Graph size: 1 to 1 000 nodes
* ForceAtlas 2 Use edge weight: No
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
1
Fruchterman, T. M. J., & Reingold, E. M. (1991). Graph Drawing by Force-Directed Placement.
Software: Practice and Experience, 21(11).
14. Tutorial
Layouts Run Fruchterman-Reingold
* Introduction the layout by applying the following settings step by step:
* Install plugins
* Import file
* Run
• Area = 100 Graph size area.
* Choice
• Area = 100 000
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel • Gravity = 1 000 Attract all nodes to the center to avoid dispersion
* OpenOrd • Gravity = 100 of disconnected components.
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping And now the algorithm.
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
Unstable nodes position!
Sometimes the algorithm does not converge, resulting in an unstable graph. Reduce the “Speed”
setting to gain precision.
15. Tutorial
Layouts Yifan Hu Multilevel layout
* Introduction It is a very fast algorithm with a good quality on large graphs. It combines a force-directed
* Install plugins model with a graph coarsening technique (multilevel algorithm) to reduce the complex-
* Import file ity. The repulsive forces on one node from a cluster of distant nodes are approximated by
* Run a Barnes-Hut calculation, which treats them as one super-node. It stops automatically.
* Choice
* ForceAtlas Author: Yifan Hu1
* Fruchterman-Reingold Date: 2005
* YifanHu Multilevel Kind: Force-directed + multilevel
* OpenOrd Complexity: O(N*log(N))
Graph size: 100 to 100 000 nodes
* ForceAtlas 2
Use edge weight: No
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
1
Y. F. Hu, Efficient and high quality force-directed graph drawing. The Mathematica Journal, 10
(37-71), 2005.
16. Tutorial
Layouts Run Yifan Hu Multilevel
* Introduction Launch the layout by applying the following settings step by step:
* Install plugins
* Import file
* Run
• Step ratio = 0.99 Ratio used to update the step size. Increase it for
* Choice
a better quality (vs speed).
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold • Optimal distance = 200 Natural length of the springs. Increase it to place
* YifanHu Multilevel nodes farther apart.
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2 • Theta = 1.0 Approximation for Barnes-Hut calculation. Smaller
* Circular Layout values mean more accuracy.
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
17. Tutorial
Layouts OpenOrd layout
* Introduction It expects undirected weighted graphs and aims to better distinguish clusters. It can be
* Install plugins run in parallel to speed up computing, and stops automatically. The algorithm is original-
* Import file ly based on Frutcherman-Reingold and works with a fixed number of iterations controlled
* Run via a simulated annealing type schedule (liquid, expansion, cool-down, crunch, and
simmer). Long edges are cut to allow clusters to separate.
* Choice
* ForceAtlas Author: S. Martin, W. M. Brown, R. Klavans, and K. Boyack1
* Fruchterman-Reingold Date: 2010 (VxOrd)
* YifanHu Multilevel Kind: Force-directed + simulated annealing
* OpenOrd Complexity: O(N*log(N))
Graph size: 100 to 1 000 000 nodes
* ForceAtlas 2
Use edge weight: Yes
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
1
S. Martin, W. M. Brown, R. Klavans, and K. Boyack, “OpenOrd: An Open-Source Toolbox for
Large Graph Layout,” SPIE Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis (VDA)., 2011
18. Tutorial
Layouts Run OpenOrd
* Introduction Launch the layout by applying the following settings step by step:
* Install plugins
* Import file
* Run • Edge cut = 0.95 From 0 (standard Frutcherman-Reingold) to 1.
* Choice Percentage of the greatest distance between two
* ForceAtlas nodes in the drawing. A higher cutting means a
more clustered result.
* Fruchterman-Reingold
• Num iterations = 100
* YifanHu Multilevel
• Num iterations = 850 Contract the clusters.
* OpenOrd Expand the clusters.
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout • Random seed =
* Radial Axis Layout -6308261588084905834 Use this value to produce exactly the same shape
* Geographic map as shown before.
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
Fix node placement
* Save
* Conclusion
Fix the position of a node (or a group of selected nodes) by “Right-click on
it > Settle”. It works for all layouts except Yifan Hu. For OpenOrd, use the
“fixed time” setting on the Layout panel to configure the time the fixed
nodes will not move.
19. Tutorial
Layouts Run OpenOrd on a large graph
* Introduction OpenOrd is really helpful on large graphs.
* Install plugins
* Import file • Import the file internet_routers-22july06.gml.zip
* Run
This network has 22 963 nodes and 48 436 edges. It is a symmetrized snapshot of the
* Choice
structure of the Internet at the level of autonomous systems, reconstructed from BGP
* ForceAtlas
tables posted by the University of Oregon Route Views Project. This snapshot was cre-
* Fruchterman-Reingold ated by Mark Newman from data on July 22, 2006.
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2 If you have a multi-core computer:
* Circular Layout Increase the number of threads to execute it in parallel and therefore speed up the ex-
* Radial Axis Layout ecution of the algorithm. It is recommended to set the number of core minus 1 to keep
* Geographic map a thread for display.
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform • Set the “Num Threads” setting or leave default parameters.
* Save
• Click on and wait until it stops.
* Conclusion
OpenOrd executes in a finite number of iterations, so you can see the progress on the
bottom-right of the screen.
20. Tutorial
Layouts You should now see a graph with the layout applied
* Introduction
* Install plugins
* Import file
* Run
* Choice
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
21. Tutorial
Layouts Go back to the previous workspace
* Introduction When you imported the second dataset, a new workspace was automatically created.
* Install plugins You are now in the “Workspace 2”. We go back now to the “Workspace 1” where the
* Import file graph of Les Miserables still exists.
* Run
* Choice
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout • Locate the workspace switcher on the bottom-right of the screen.
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map • You see the name of the current workspace.
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform • Click on it and select “Workspace 1”. You can either click on the arrows to switch.
* Save
* Conclusion
22. Tutorial
Layouts ForceAtlas 2 layout
* Introduction Improved version of the Force Atlas to handle large networks while keeping a very good
* Install plugins quality. Nodes repulsion is approximated with a Barnes-Hut calculation, which therefore
* Import file reduces the algorithm complexity. Replace the “attraction” and “repulsion” forces by a
* Run “scaling” parameter.
* Choice
* ForceAtlas Author: Mathieu Jacomy1
* Fruchterman-Reingold Date: 2011
* YifanHu Multilevel Kind: Force-directed
* OpenOrd Complexity: O(N*log(N))
Graph size: 1 to 1 000 000 nodes
* ForceAtlas 2
Use edge weight: Yes
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
1
http://gephi.org/2011/forceatlas2-the-new-version-of-our-home-brew-layout/
23. Tutorial
Layouts Run ForceAtlas 2
* Introduction the layout by applying the following settings step by step:
* Install plugins
* Import file
• LinLog mode = checked Linear attraction & logarithmic repulsion (lin-lin
* Run
• LinLog mode = unchecked by default), makes clusters tighter.
* Choice
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold • Scaling = 100 Increase to make the graph sparser.
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2 • Edge weight influence = 0 From 0 (no influence) to 1 (normal). Set 0 to cal-
* Circular Layout culate forces without edge weight.
* Radial Axis Layout
And now the algorithm.
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
Performance
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
Activate “Approximate Repulsion” on large graphs only, but let’s
try it in this tutorial. Check it, set the “Tolerance” option to
0.04 and run the algorithm to see how nodes are swinging!
24. Tutorial
Layouts Circular layout
* Introduction It draws nodes in a circle ordered by ID, a metric (degree, betweenness centrality...) or
* Install plugins by an attribute. Use it to show a distribution of nodes with their links.
* Import file
* Run
* Choice
* ForceAtlas Author: Matt Groeninger1
* Fruchterman-Reingold Date: 2010
* YifanHu Multilevel Kind: Circular
* OpenOrd Complexity: O(N)
Graph size: 1 to 1 000 000 nodes
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
1
http://gephi.org/plugins/circular-layout/
25. Tutorial
Layouts Run Circular Layout
* Introduction • Select the “Circular Layout” in the Layout panel.
* Install plugins
* Import file • Set the “Order nodes by” setting to “Degree”.
* Run
• the layout.
* Choice
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout • In the Ranking panel, choose “Degree” as a rank
* Radial Axis Layout parameter.
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping • Select the diamond icon in the toolbar for size.
* Geometric transform
• Set a min size at 10 and a max size at 50.
* Save
* Conclusion
• Click on to see the distribution of degree.
• the layout again to avoid node overlap.
26. Tutorial
Layouts Radial Axis Layout
* Introduction It is provided with the Circular Layout plugin. It groups nodes and draws the groups in
* Install plugins axes (or spars) radiating outwards from a central circle. Groups are generated using a
* Import file metric (degree, betweenness centrality...) or an attribute. Use it to study homophily by
* Run showing distributions of nodes inside groups with their links.
* Choice
* ForceAtlas Author: Matt Groeninger1
* Fruchterman-Reingold Date: 2011
* YifanHu Multilevel Kind: Circular
* OpenOrd Complexity: O(N)
Graph size: 1 to 1 000 000 nodes
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
1
http://gephi.org/plugins/circular-layout/
27. Tutorial
Layouts Detect communities
* Introduction We now want to study the community structure in this network: does it divide naturally
* Install plugins into groups of nodes with dense connections within groups and sparser connections be-
* Import file tween groups?
* Run
In the Statistics panel, click on near the “Modularity”1 line.
* Choice
* ForceAtlas The community detection algorithm created a “Modularity Class” value for each node.
* Fruchterman-Reingold The partition module can use this new data to colorize communities.
* YifanHu Multilevel
• Locate the Partition module on the left panel.
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2 • Click on the “Refresh” button to populate the partition list.
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping • Select “Modularity Class” in the partition list.
* Geometric transform
* Save You can see that 9 communities were found, could be
* Conclusion different for you. A random color has been set for each
community identifier.
• Click on to colorize nodes.
1
Blondel V, Guillaume J, Lambiotte R, Mech E (2008) Fast unfolding of communities in large net-
works. J Stat Mech: Theory Exp 2008:P10008. (http://findcommunities.googlepages.com)
28. Tutorial
Layouts Run Radial Axis Layout
* Introduction Run the layout by applying the following settings step by step:
* Install plugins
• Group nodes by = “Degree” Homophily by degree?
* Import file
* Run
* Choice • Group nodes by = “Modularity Class” Distribution of nodes by degree inside
* ForceAtlas • Order nodes by = “Degree” each community.
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd • Draw spar/axis as spiral = checked Better show links inside communities
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout • Draw spar/axis as spiral = unchecked
• Ascending order = checked Better show links between communities
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
29. Tutorial
Layouts Geographic map with GeoLayout
* Introduction The GeoLayout uses latitude/longitude coordinates to set nodes position on the network.
* Install plugins Several projections are available, including Mercator which is used by Google Maps and
* Import file other online services. The two node attribute columns for coordinates should be in nu-
* Run meric format.
* Choice Author: Alexis Jacomy1
* ForceAtlas Date: 2010
* Fruchterman-Reingold Kind: Geographic
Complexity: O(N)
* YifanHu Multilevel
Graph size: 1 to 1 000 000 nodes
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
1
http://gephi.org/2010/map-geocoded-data-with-gephi/
30. Tutorial
Layouts Run GeoLayout
* Introduction • Download the file airlines-sample.gexf and open it.
* Install plugins
* Import file The network is an undirected graph with 235 nodes and 1297
* Run edges. For each node there are two additional pieces of infor-
* Choice mation - latitude and longitude, both expressed in degrees.
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd • Go to the Layout module and choose “Geo Layout” in the list.
* ForceAtlas 2
• Click on
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
31. Tutorial
Layouts How to avoid node overlap?
* Introduction Sometimes the layout is not completely satisfying, as big nodes can overlap smaller. Three
* Install plugins different techniques are available to avoid it.
* Import file
* Run The “Force Atlas” algorithm has an option to take node size into account when applying
a layout.
* Choice
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel • Go back to the Workspace 1.
* OpenOrd
• Choose “Force Atlas” on the Layout panel.
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout • Click on “Reset” at the bottom of the panel to
* Radial Axis Layout reset the layout parameters.
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
32. Tutorial
Layouts How to avoid node overlap?
* Introduction
* Install plugins • the algorithm.
* Import file
* Run • Check the “Adjust by Sizes” (“Prevent Overlap”
* Choice in ForceAtlas 2) option and run it again for a short
* ForceAtlas moment.
* Fruchterman-Reingold
• Set the “Repulsion Strength” to 1 000.
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
• Set the “Autostab Strength” to 500.
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout • the algorithm.
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform You can see nodes are not overlapping anymore.
* Save
Instability!
* Conclusion
This option makes node positions very unstable and disturbs the layout process. Use it at the end of
the layout to refine it.
33. Tutorial
Layouts Noverlap layout
* Introduction Use it after any layout to prevent node overlap while keeping the shape of the graph. It
* Install plugins is optimized for big graphs.
* Import file
* Run
* Choice • First, run the “YifanHu” layout.
* ForceAtlas
• Select the “Noverlap” algorithm and run it until it stops.
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel • Reduce the “speed” setting to 0.1 to increase quality.
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2 • Increase the “ratio” at 2 and “margin” at 10 for more
* Circular Layout spacing around nodes.
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion You can see nodes are not
overlapping anymore.
34. Tutorial
Layouts Label Adjust layout
* Introduction It works on text size to repulse nodes and therefore makes every label readable. It only
* Install plugins runs on the visible nodes in the Visualization panel.
* Import file
* Run • Locate the Visualization settings.
* Choice
• Click on to activate text display.
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold • Increase the text size to the maximum.
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2
• Go to the Layout panel.
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout • Select the “Label Adjust” algorithm and run it until it stops.
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
35. Tutorial
Layouts Geometric transformations
* Introduction There is no North-South-East-West directions for layouts, and distances are always rela-
* Install plugins tive. The same layout on the same graph can produce shapes with different orientations
* Import file and scale. Transformation are sometimes useful to compare laid out graphs.
* Run
Use the following layouts to do basic transformations on the graph:
* Choice
* ForceAtlas • “Clockwise Rotate” with angle -90°
* Fruchterman-Reingold • “Counter-Clockwise Rotate” with angle 45°
* YifanHu Multilevel • “Expansion” with scale factor 1.2
* OpenOrd • “Contraction” with scale factor 0.8
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
Transformation layout
* Conclusion
The plugin “Geometric Transformation” allows to combine rotations, homothetic transformations
and translations at the same time.
36. Tutorial
Layouts Save your project
* Introduction Saving your project encapsulates all data and results in a single
* Install plugins session file.
* Import file
* Run
* Choice
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform
* Save
* Conclusion
37. Tutorial
Layouts Conclusion
* Introduction In this tutorial you learned how to use various layouts in Gephi according to the feature
* Install plugins you want to emphasis in the topology and the size of the network, how to avoid node
* Import file overlapping and how to do some geometric transformations.
* Run
* Choice
* ForceAtlas
* Fruchterman-Reingold
* YifanHu Multilevel
* OpenOrd
* ForceAtlas 2
* Circular Layout
* Radial Axis Layout
* Geographic map
* Node overlapping
* Geometric transform Other layout plugins are available through the Gephi Plugins Center.
* Save
Go further:
* Conclusion • Gephi Website
• Gephi Wiki
• Gephi forum