Poster by Kristina Roesel, Kohei Makita and Delia Grace presented at the international symposium of the German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany, 30 November 2017.
Engaging with partners in R4D to enhance animal health in smallholder pig val...ILRI
Poster prepared by Michel Dione, Emily Ouma, Lawrence Mayega, Brian Kawuma and Ben Lukuyu for the 7th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Kigali, Rwanda, 13-16 June 2016
The Veterinary Feed Directive: Past and PresentJohn Blue
The Veterinary Feed Directive: Past and Present - Dr. Heather Fowler, National Pork Board, from the 2019 Iowa Pork Congress, January 23 - 24, 2019, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEFNbfee_Rq3AfAFTRpuCrQ
Presented by John McDermott, Director (CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health) and Thomas Randolph, Director (CGIAR Research Program on Livestock Agri-Food Systems) based on a presentation to the CGIAR System Council workshop on COVID-19, 12 June 2020
Improving food safety along the pork value chain in Vietnam—PigRISKILRI
Poster by F. Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, P.V. Hung, P.D. Phuc, S.D. Xuan, N.T.D. Nga, M.L. Lapar, P.H. Ngan and D. Grace presented at the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) Vietnam partner day on sharing progress and planning ahead for collaborative research, Hanoi, Vietnam, 23 March 2018.
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 52 on “Food safety: a critical part of the food system in Africa ” took place on 19 September 2018 from 09h00 to 13h00, ACP Secretariat, Brussels 451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with the European Commission (DG DEVCO & DG Health and Food Safety), the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and the Global Food Safety Partnership.
Engaging with partners in R4D to enhance animal health in smallholder pig val...ILRI
Poster prepared by Michel Dione, Emily Ouma, Lawrence Mayega, Brian Kawuma and Ben Lukuyu for the 7th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Kigali, Rwanda, 13-16 June 2016
The Veterinary Feed Directive: Past and PresentJohn Blue
The Veterinary Feed Directive: Past and Present - Dr. Heather Fowler, National Pork Board, from the 2019 Iowa Pork Congress, January 23 - 24, 2019, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEFNbfee_Rq3AfAFTRpuCrQ
Presented by John McDermott, Director (CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health) and Thomas Randolph, Director (CGIAR Research Program on Livestock Agri-Food Systems) based on a presentation to the CGIAR System Council workshop on COVID-19, 12 June 2020
Improving food safety along the pork value chain in Vietnam—PigRISKILRI
Poster by F. Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, P.V. Hung, P.D. Phuc, S.D. Xuan, N.T.D. Nga, M.L. Lapar, P.H. Ngan and D. Grace presented at the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) Vietnam partner day on sharing progress and planning ahead for collaborative research, Hanoi, Vietnam, 23 March 2018.
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 52 on “Food safety: a critical part of the food system in Africa ” took place on 19 September 2018 from 09h00 to 13h00, ACP Secretariat, Brussels 451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with the European Commission (DG DEVCO & DG Health and Food Safety), the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and the Global Food Safety Partnership.
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 52 on “Food safety: a critical part of the food system in Africa ” took place on 19 September 2018 from 09h00 to 13h00, ACP Secretariat, Brussels 451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with the European Commission (DG DEVCO & DG Health and Food Safety), the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and the Global Food Safety Partnership.
Dr. Chase Crawford - Actions and Recommendations on Antibiotics from the Univ...John Blue
Actions and Recommendations on Antibiotics from the Universities (APLU) and Colleges of Veterinary Medicine (AAVMC) - Dr. Chase Crawford, Director, Antimicrobial Resistance Initiative, Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges; Association of Public & Land-grant Universities, from the 2015 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium - Stewardship: From Metrics to Management, November 3-5, 2015, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://swinecast.com/2015-niaa-symposium-antibiotics-stewardship-from-metrics-to-management
Food safety along informal pork value chains in Vietnam: Success and challeng...ILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Lucy Lapar, Phuc Pham Duc, Pham Van Hung, Pham Hong Ngan, Max Barot and Delia Grace at the 4th International One Health Congress and 6th Biennial Congress of the International Association for Ecology and Health (One Health EcoHealth 2016), Melbourne, Australia, 3–7 December 2016.
FoodAfrica Research for Development Programme: Improving Food Security in West and East Africa through Capacity Building and Information Dissemination.
Understanding perception and drivers to change food safety condition of pork ...ILRI
Poster by Hai Hoang Tuan Ngo, Phuc Pham-Duc, Luong Nguyen-Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Hung Pham-Van, Nga Nguyen-Thi-Duong, Huyen Nguyen-Thi-Thu, Delia Grace and Fred Unger presented at the virtual Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week 2021, 29 June – 1 July 2021.
This presentation by OECD's Coralie David was given at a session titled "Promoting Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains" at the Global Landscapes Forum: The Investment Case on June 10, 2015. For more, please visit http://www.landscapes.org/london/
Pulses: a transition towards a transdisciplinary solution combining agronomy,...FAO
www.fao.org/pulses-2016/en/ International Year of Pulses - Global Dialogue - IYP Thematic Presentations - Hans Martin Dreyer, Director Plant Production and Protection Division, FAO
1.03_Nitish Debnath_Trajectory of Institutionalization of One Health Approach...WorldFish
Presentation by Nitish Debnath on 'Trajectory of Institutionalization of One Health Approach in Bangladesh' at the One Health Approach workshop on Tuesday, 23 March 2021.
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
Market based approaches to improving the safety of pork in Vietnam—SafePORKILRI
Poster by F. Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, P.V. Hung, P.D. Phuc, T.L.T. Huyen, R. Alders, J. Toribio and D. Grace presented at the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) Vietnam partner day on sharing progress and planning ahead for collaborative research, Hanoi, Vietnam, 23 March 2018.
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 52 on “Food safety: a critical part of the food system in Africa ” took place on 19 September 2018 from 09h00 to 13h00, ACP Secretariat, Brussels 451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with the European Commission (DG DEVCO & DG Health and Food Safety), the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and the Global Food Safety Partnership.
Dr. Chase Crawford - Actions and Recommendations on Antibiotics from the Univ...John Blue
Actions and Recommendations on Antibiotics from the Universities (APLU) and Colleges of Veterinary Medicine (AAVMC) - Dr. Chase Crawford, Director, Antimicrobial Resistance Initiative, Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges; Association of Public & Land-grant Universities, from the 2015 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium - Stewardship: From Metrics to Management, November 3-5, 2015, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://swinecast.com/2015-niaa-symposium-antibiotics-stewardship-from-metrics-to-management
Food safety along informal pork value chains in Vietnam: Success and challeng...ILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Lucy Lapar, Phuc Pham Duc, Pham Van Hung, Pham Hong Ngan, Max Barot and Delia Grace at the 4th International One Health Congress and 6th Biennial Congress of the International Association for Ecology and Health (One Health EcoHealth 2016), Melbourne, Australia, 3–7 December 2016.
FoodAfrica Research for Development Programme: Improving Food Security in West and East Africa through Capacity Building and Information Dissemination.
Understanding perception and drivers to change food safety condition of pork ...ILRI
Poster by Hai Hoang Tuan Ngo, Phuc Pham-Duc, Luong Nguyen-Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Hung Pham-Van, Nga Nguyen-Thi-Duong, Huyen Nguyen-Thi-Thu, Delia Grace and Fred Unger presented at the virtual Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week 2021, 29 June – 1 July 2021.
This presentation by OECD's Coralie David was given at a session titled "Promoting Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains" at the Global Landscapes Forum: The Investment Case on June 10, 2015. For more, please visit http://www.landscapes.org/london/
Pulses: a transition towards a transdisciplinary solution combining agronomy,...FAO
www.fao.org/pulses-2016/en/ International Year of Pulses - Global Dialogue - IYP Thematic Presentations - Hans Martin Dreyer, Director Plant Production and Protection Division, FAO
1.03_Nitish Debnath_Trajectory of Institutionalization of One Health Approach...WorldFish
Presentation by Nitish Debnath on 'Trajectory of Institutionalization of One Health Approach in Bangladesh' at the One Health Approach workshop on Tuesday, 23 March 2021.
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
Market based approaches to improving the safety of pork in Vietnam—SafePORKILRI
Poster by F. Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, P.V. Hung, P.D. Phuc, T.L.T. Huyen, R. Alders, J. Toribio and D. Grace presented at the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) Vietnam partner day on sharing progress and planning ahead for collaborative research, Hanoi, Vietnam, 23 March 2018.
Food safety in low- and middle-income countries: What works, what doesn't and...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Johanna Lindahl, Kohei Makita, Kristina Roesel, Michael Taylor, Ram Deka, Sinh Dang Xuan, Steve Jaffee and Silvia Alonso at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 13 November 2018.
More pork and less parasites: A farm to fork approach for assessment and mana...ILRI
Presentation by Kristina Roesel, Peter-Henning Clausen, Reinhard Fries, Maximilian Baumann, Karsten Noeckler and Delia Grace at a parasitological colloquium held at Free University Berlin, Germany, 18 October 2013.
ILRI’s key programs to address infectious diseases, areas requiring internati...ILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hu Suk Lee, Edward Okoth, Bernard Bett and Hung Nguyen-Viet at the Global ODA Forum for Sustainable Agricultural Development, Seoul, South Korea, 22 November 2022.
The role of informal food markets—Towards professionalizing, not criminalizingILRI
Presented by Kristina Roesel at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group on Pro-poor-livestock research and development, Berlin, 18-20 November 2015
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace at the online Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Food Safety Conference for Asia and the Pacific on ‘Communicating food safety in the era of COVID-19: Earning consumers’ trust’, 19 November 2020.
Food safety in the era of COVID-19: Ensuring consumers’ trustILRI
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace at a webinar on ‘Food safety in the context of sustainable food systems: Moving forward for a healthy tomorrow in Europe and Central Asia’, 7 June 2021.
Presented by Delia Grace, Erastus Kang'ethe, Bassirou Bonfoh, Kristina Roesel and Kohei Makita at the 4th annual Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2014.
Technical and socio-cultural continuum in food safety management in informal ...ILRI
Presentation by Kebede Amenu, Silvia Alonso, Theodore Knight-Jones, Gemma Tacken and Delia Grace at the 2022 annual meeting of the International Association for Food Protection, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 31 July–3 August 2022.
Presentation by Delia Grace, Bernard Bett, Theo Knight-Jones, Florence Mutua, Hung Nguyen, Himadri Pal and Kristina Roesel at the World One Health Congress, Singapore, 7–11 November 2022.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Food safety research for development in sub-Saharan Africa: Tapping the expertise of German partners
1. Food safety research for development in
sub-Saharan Africa:
Tapping the expertise of German partners
Background
• Global burden of foodborne
diseases is equivalent to that of
HIV/Aids or tuberculosis or malaria;
• Up to 90% due to microbes in
perishable foods;
• More than 80% perishables are sold
in informal markets where actors
are not trained, not licensed, not
paying taxes;
• Lack of data on hazards, burden and
exposure;
• Policies are currently hazard-based.
Key Findings
• Informal markets are integral to food,
nutrition and job security in sub-Saharan
Africa;
• Although hazards are often common in
informal markets risk to human health is
not necessarily high;
• Risks in the informal food chains have
been under-researched and need
attention;
• Risks vary and may not be as serious as
perceived: food safety policy should be
based on evidence not perceptions;
• Participatory methods are useful in
studying food safety risks in informal
food chains;
• Simple interventions could lead to
substantial improvements: potable water,
electricity, training, standards,
appropriate hygienic supervision etc.;
• Food safety needs a multi-disciplinary
(OneHealth) and multi-sectoral
approach;
• Comprehensive, jointly developed and
implemented policies are prerequisites
for food safety assurance.
Collaborative outputs
• >200 key stakeholders from >35
institutions in 12 countries trained on
the concepts of risk-based approaches
and (participatory) risk assessment;
• >30 food safety practitioners, students
and scientists were trained in specific
laboratory methods for hazard
identification, at German partner
institutes or in their home countries;
• Best bet interventions tested;
• Field isolates archived in German
partner institutes;
• >15 joint peer-reviewed journal
publications and >200 other joint
outputs.
Kristina Roesel ● k.roesel@cgiar.org ● Box 30709 Nairobi
Kenya ● +254 20 422 3000 ● ilri.org
This project was funded by GIZ and the CGIAR Research
Programs on Livestock and Agriculture for Nutrition and
Health
This document is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
November 2017.
November 2017
ILRI thanks all donors and organizations which globally support its work through their contributions to the CGIAR system
The Safe Food, Fair Food project
aims to improve the livelihoods of poor
producers and consumers by reducing the
health risks and increasing the livelihood
benefits associated with meat, milk and fish
value chains in sub-Saharan Africa.
The project was implemented from 2008-
2015 and funded by BMZ/GIZ.
Please visit us at safefoodfairfood.ilri.org
Kristina Roesel, Kohei Makita and Delia Grace