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Uploaded byKoushikHalder19
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FETAL SKULL |Obstetrics & Midwifery.pptx

The fetal skull is an important topic in Obstetrics and plays a major role in understanding the process of labour. This PowerPoint presentation provides a clear and systematic explanation of the fetal skull, including its bones, sutures, fontanelles, important landmarks, and various diameters. Understanding the fetal skull is essential for learning about fetal presentation, position, engagement, and the mechanism of labour. The presentation is designed in a simple and student-friendly format to make the topic easier to understand, remember, and revise. This PPT is useful for GNM Nursing and B.Sc. Nursing students for classroom teaching, self-study, revision, and examination preparation in Obstetrics and Midwifery.

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Fetal Skull Presented By, Mr. Koushik Halder, 1st year MSc Nursing, The Capitol College Of Nursing, Bangalore. @KOUSHIK
Fetal Skull The fetal skull is the bony framework of the fetal head. It is specially adapted for labor and childbirth because its bones are not completely fused. The skull can change shape (called moulding) to pass through the birth canal. @KOUSHIK
The fetal skull is divided into three main parts: 1. Vault (Calvarium) • The vault forms the roof and sides of the fetal skull. • It is made up of thin, pliable bones. • It undergoes compression (moulding) during labor to facilitate vaginal delivery. 2. Base • The base forms the lower part of the fetal skull. • It is thick and rigid in structure & protects the brain. • It does not compress significantly during labor. 3. Face • The face consists of the facial bones of the skull. • It does not undergo moulding and is not usually used for assessing labor progress. Parts of the Fetal Skull: @KOUSHIK
The vault consists of: • Two frontal bone • Two parietal bones • One occipital bone • Two temporal bones These bones are separated by sutures and fontanelles, allowing movement during birth. Bones of the Vault @KOUSHIK
Suture: A fibrous membrane-covered joint between the bones of the fetal skull that allows slight movement of the bones during labor. The 5 sutures of the fetal skull are: 1. Frontal (Metopic) suture: Between the two halves of the frontal bone. 2. Sagittal suture: Between the two parietal bones. 3. Coronal sutures: Between the frontal and parietal bones. 4. Lambdoid sutures: Between the parietal and occipital bones. 5. Squamous (Temporal) sutures: Between the parietal bones and temporal bones. Sutures of the fetal skull @KOUSHIK
@KOUSHIK
The 4 types of fontanelles are: 1. Anterior fontanel (Bregma)-closes at 12–18 months. 2. Posterior fontanel (Lambda)- closes at 6–8 weeks. 3. Mastoid fontanel (posterolateral)- closes by the end of the 1st year (around 12 months). 4. Sphenoid fontanel (anterolateral)- closes by 6 months. Fontanelles Fontanelles are membrane-covered soft spaces where two or more sutures meet. @KOUSHIK
1. Anterior Fontanelle (Bregma) • Diamond-shaped. • Largest fontanelle. • Formed at the junction of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures. • Closes at 12–18 months after birth. 2. Posterior Fontanelle (Lambda) • Triangular. • Formed at the junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures. • Closes by 6–8 weeks after birth. @KOUSHIK
Obstetric Landmarks These landmarks are important in labor. • Vertex – Area between anterior and posterior fontanelles and parietal eminences. • Bregma – Region of anterior fontanelle. • Occiput – Back of the head. • Sinciput – Forehead in front of the anterior fontanelle. • Face – From chin to forehead. @KOUSHIK
Suboccipito-bregmatic 9.5cm Suboccipito-frontal 10cm Occipito-frontal 11.5cm Mento-vertical 13.5-14cm Submento-vertical 11.5cm Submento-bregmatic 9.5cm ANTERO-POSTERIOR DIAMETER Diameter @KOUSHIK
Biparietal 9.5cm Bitemporal 8.2cm TRANSVERSE DIAMETER @KOUSHIK
@KOUSHIK Thank You…