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Uploaded byDr. Harwinder Kaur
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Embryogenesis deepika

1) The document discusses various types of embryogenesis including the Onagrad, Asterad, Solanad, Chenopodiad, and Caryophyllad types. 2) It provides examples of plant families that exhibit each type and describes how the apical and basal cells divide and contribute to embryo formation. 3) General patterns of embryo development are described for dicots using Ceratocephalus falcatus as an example, and for monocots using Najas lacerata.

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Embryogenesis Submi�ed to :- Dr. Harwinder kaur Submi�ed by :- Deepika rani UID :- 180606009
Contents:- Common terms Proembryo Types of embryogeny General pa�ern of development of: --Monocot embryo -- Dicot embryo
Double tap on text to edit Embryogeny :- The process during which unicellular fer�lized makes a progressive transi�on towards embryo. Embryo:- a diploid cell resul�ng from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fer�lized ovum Zygote :- Early developmental stage of a mul�cellular organism.
Proembryo :- _Star�ng from the 2- celled stage un�l the ini�a�on of organs the embryo is commonly called proembryo
Types of embryogeny :- Maheshwari in 1950 , recognized five main types of embryogeny . These are :- 1) Onagrad type 2) Asterad type 3) Solanad type 4) Chenopdiad type 5) Caryophyllad type The classifica�on was based on the plane of division of the apical cell in 2 celled proembryo and contribu�on of apical cell and basal cell in embryo forma�on .
Cont.... These five types of embryogeny refer to those plants where first division of the zygote is transverse. Later Johansen recognized sixth type of embryogeny ,called Piperad type which includes those plants where first division of the zygote is ver�cal .
Cont.... A.The apical cell of 2 celled proembryo divides longitudionally . 1) Basal cell plays minor or no role in further development - Onagrad type . Examples - Onagraceae, Brassicaceae, Pedaliaceae . 2) Basal cell and apical cell both con�bute to further development - Asterad type Examples - Asteraceae , Vitaceae , Violaceae family . B. The apical cell of 2-celled proembryo divides transversely . I - The basal cell plays only minor role or none in subsequent development . 3) Basal cell forms suspensor - Solanad type . Examples - Solanaceae, Theaceae, Linaceae families . 4 ) Basal cell undergoes no further division and suspensor if formed is always derived from apical cell - Caryophyllad type . Examples- Caryophyllaceae , Crassulaceae families . II - 5)Basal cell and apical cell both contribute to further development -Chenopodiad type Examples- Chenopodiaceae , Boraginaceae .
General pa�ern of development of dicot embryo:- • Development of embryo in Ceratocephalus falcatus completely illustrates development of dicot embryo . • It was explained by Bhandari and Asnani in 1968 . • It have Onagrad type of embryogeny .
• Embryogenesis in Ceratocephalus falcatus .
Cont....
General pa�ern of development of monocot embryo :- • Development of embryo in Najas lacerata describes complete development of monocot embryo . • Described by Swamy and Lakshmanan in 1962.
• Embryo development in Najas lacerata:-
Cont....
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