Thermodynamics Tutorial - The Fundamentals

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Thermodynamics
The basic mechanisms and laws
that govern, life, the universe,
science, engineering,
and everything!
Everyt...

A story just for students or what? Entropic formula by
Ludwig Boltzmann
between 1872 - 1875
As a student I was taught that...

To U n d e r s t a n d !
Art
Life
Death
Physics
Theory
Biology
Science
Practice
Industry
Education
Chemistry
Philosophy
Ex...

THE 30 sec VERSION
There is a game
We are all in the game
No one can opt out !
B AD NEWS: You can’t win the game
GOOD NEWS...

F o r g o t t e n o r d i s c o n n e c t e d
We do things
We see things
We experience things
We are taught lots of things...

Pe o p l e a r e w a s t i n g t h e i r l i v e s a n d $ $ $ M
- Fools
- The Ignorant
- Tricksters @ Charlatans
F R E E ...

I t a l l b o i l s d o w n t o p t h i s
A n d i t i s t h i s o b v i o u s !

E v e r y t h i n g i s c o n n e c t e d
E n e r g y i s n o t m a g i c !
T h e re i s n o f re e e n e r g y !
T h e re...

M y s t i c i s m d o e s n o t s o l v e o u r p r o b l e m s !
E n e r g y i s n o t m a g i c !
T h e re i s n o f re ...

THERMO DYNAMICS
Relating to heat Relating to
change/movement
No one could have
guessed that the study
of heat would reveal...

RANKING
Across the entire spectrum of physics,
Einstein liked General Relativity and
Thermodynamics best because they
are ...

THE NATURE OF HEAT
A complete mystery for millennia
Used and exploited with
rules of thumb based on
feel, colour, melting
...

ASSOCIATED WITH THE GODS
Ancient Egyptians related heat to mythology
Component of “primordial
forces”, from which all was
...

A TOOL FOR PEACE AND WAR
Ancient Greeks created an early flame thrower
First theory Heraclitus ~500 BC:
Elements in nature...

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1
Water transport & limited green energy ~1770
Water and water ﬂow sufﬁciently understood and
charac...

CONCATENATED MILLS
Quickly ran out of energy as more built
****** Water and water ﬂow sufﬁciently understood and
character...

Water transport & limited green energy ~1770
D I G G I N G I N T O T H E D E T A I L
Experiments, intuition, guessing, the...

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 2
Steam power and ‘engine design’ were very
rudimentary with many accidents and huge
inefﬁciencies a...

THE LEARNING EXPERIENCE
Big accidents
People get hurt/killed
Understanding is essential
Without knowledge and understandin...

COAL, FIRE, WATER, STEAM, BELT
A long path to understanding and efficiency realisation
~300bhp
@ < 20%
Efficiency
~100kbhp...

COAL, FIRE, WATER, STEAM, BELT
A long path to understanding and efficiency realisation
~200bhp
@ < 20%
Efficiency
~100kbhp...

TITANIC
~50,000 bhp
Engines x 2 ~ 50k bhp Total
Speed ~ 22 knots
Coal ~ 825 Tons/day
Engines = 2
Boiler Rooms = 6
Boilers ...

SCIENCE COMES TO THE RESCUE
Deep knowledge & understanding creates acceleration
All our transport, energy, industrial,
civ...

THE RUN UP
Perspective thinking
~1662 Robert Boyle
Gas Law
~1666 Issac Newton
Laws of Motion
P.V = k
P.V = mRT
F = d(mv)
d...

T H E R U N U P
Thinking on machines

THE RUN UP
Step by step thinking
~1850 Rudolf Clausius
William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)
Max Plank
All proved and stated The F...

THEORY FORMULATION
It all starts with the nature of heat
The physics of and understanding of heat…followed by a realisatio...

I N I T I A L F O R M U L A T I O N
Derived from the kinetic theory of gases
Law 0: If two systems are in thermal equilibr...

If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third then all are in equilibrium
LAW 0 Defines temperature and heat flow...

LAW 1: Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system
Energy can only change in form p...

A S F A R A S W E K N O W
The total mass/energy of the universe is constant
Dark Energy ?
Quantum Dynamics ?
Black Holes ?...

LAW 2: Full energy and state accounting
Celestial Ratchet - entropy of any isolated system always increases
Entropy can be...

LAW 2: Full energy and state accounting
Celestial Ratchet - entropy of any isolated system always increases
Entropy can be...

LAW 2: Entropy
- Turbo charger and turbo booster in an internal combustion cycle
- Activation energy necessary to initiate...

LAW 2: Entropy
- A measure/number of possible arrangements the atoms in a system can have
- Measure of how (dis)organised ...

LAW 2: Entropy
Order/disorder information
Order Disorder
. , : ; i if iff
I need to
talk with
you soon
The concept of info...

ENGINEERING MAXIMS : Does it work ?
“ Whilst it is permissible for the mathematicians, physicists, chemists and biologists...

One way processes
From order to disorder
Entropy always increases
This is the universe we live in - our experiences
Order ...

LAW 2 : Times Arrow
Doesn’t do reverse gear
Order from disorder isn’t simple
Entropy never decreases

LAW 2 : Times Arrow
Doesn’t do reverse gear
Order from disorder isn’t simple
Entropy never decreases
We have never witness...

EXCEPTION ALERT : LIFE!!
Time’s arrow isn’t in reverse !
-ve Entropy partly deﬁnes life systems
Only possible (and true) i...

ENTROPY : Basic System Form
Energy
Sink
Engine transforms
the form of energy
Engine
Energy
Source
Work Output
movement
che...

ENTROPY : Impossibilities
Engine
Energy
Source
No Work Output
Energy
SinkEngineEngine
There are no perpetual motion machin...

- No free energy
- No free material
- No free processes
- No perpetual motion machines
NOTHING IS FREE : Everything has a ...

ENTROPY : Basic System Form
Energy
Sink
Engine transforms
the form of energy
Engine
Energy
Source
Work Output ⇒ Energy Out...

ENTROPY : Heat v Statistical View
∆S ≈ ∆ERelative change in Entropy
Many formulation variants - some more convenient or ea...

GENERAL FORMULATION
Derived from the kinetic theory of gases
Historically; Thermodynamics and nearly
all the early thinkin...

ENTROPY : Thermal Derivation ~1840
∆S ≈ ∆E ≈ k∆TRelative change in Entropy
Many formulation variants - some more convenien...

ENTROPY : Statistical Derivation ~1900
A measure of the number of possible micro-states of a system in thermodynamic
equil...

ENTROPY : Statistical Thermodynamics
In many practical cases a system’s thermodynamic micro-states are not equally probabl...

ENTROPY : Commonly cited forms
The springboard for
information theory
and info systems
understanding

$EXCEPTION ALERT: New Dimensions Our reality of 4 dimensions appears to be a fraction of an 11 dimensional universe. But al...$

POSITIONING: Human knowledge
E = mc2
S = kß log W
kß
= 1.38065 × 10−23 J/K
If this is mankind’s most prophetic equation:
T...

LAW 3: Entropy > 0 as T > 0 K
The only law founded on unique measurement trends
“The entropy of a perfect crystal at absol...

TO BE AWARE: ENTHALPY
A measure of the total energy of a system
The internal energy plus that required to create a system
...

IS HELL ENDOTHERMIC OR EXOTHERMIC ?
1) We postulate that if souls exist, then they must have some mass. If they do; a mole...

TO CONTEMPLATE - THE FRIVOLOUS ?
Analysing and making sense of the extreme including the non-sensical
1) How much energy ﬂ...

TO CONTEMPLATE: SERIOUS PROBLEMS
Fashion, fad, political and scientiﬁc correctness are almost never in alignment
1) Do our...

M O R E E X P L A N A T I O N S / V I E W S
Need to know even more?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_entropy
http:...

“It can be argued that civilisation and its technology enabler IS the sustainability problem”
This axiom has a brilliant/c...

Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28,
1903) was an American scientist who made important
theoretical contrib...

cochrane.org.uk
Any further questions

or thoughts ??

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