Chemistry Note Form 4 & 5

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CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
CHAPTER 2: MATTER
1. To determine melting point
Water bath – to ensure uniform heating
P...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Example: Compare atom 12
X and atom 14
Y
6 6
Atom X Y
Proton number 6 6
No. of electron ...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Calculation:
Element / atom Cu O
Mass (g) x y
Number of mole x / 64 y / 16
Simplest rati...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
(b) The reactivity of Group I elements increases down the group, whereas the reactivity ...

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CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
e) It is easier for chlorine atom to attract/receive electron.
(4) Across period 3, atom...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Compare the physical properties of covalent and ionic compound
Properties Covalent compo...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
2. To construct the electrochemistry based on tendency to release electron /potential di...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
CHAPTER 7: ACID AND BASE
• An acid is chemical substance which ionizes in water to produ...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Result :
Titration 1 2 3
Final burette reading, cm3
Initial burette reading, cm3
Volume ...

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CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
CHAPTER 8 SALT
A salt is a compound formed when the hydrogen ion, H+
from an acid is rep...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
(Brown gas)
Ammonium chloride à ammonia gas + hydrogen chloride gas, (NH4Cl à NH3 + HCl ...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Aim : To construct the ionic equation for the formation of lead (II) chromate(VI)
[Conti...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
1 : 1
Discussions:
1. A yellow precipitate of lead (II) chromate (VI) is formed in each ...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
NH3 + HNO3  NH4NO3
3. High percentage of nitrogen is a good fertilser for plants. How t...

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CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
ALLOY
An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements with a certain fixed composition in ...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Variables
Manipulated : Iron, steel and stainless steel.
Responding : intensity / amount...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
-very resistant to chemical reactions
-does not break easily
headlights.
Lead glass -low...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
CHAPTER 10: RATE OF REACTION
Rate of reaction is the change in selected quantity of reac...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Catalyst
1. The presence of catalyst provide an alternative pathway / route
2. with lowe...

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CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
2. The temperature of the solution is measured with a thermometer.
3. The conical flask ...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
2. Aim: to investigate effect of catalyst on the rate of decomposition hydrogen peroxide...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
CHAPTER 11: CARBON COMPOUND
1. Hydrocarbon – chemical compound containing carbon and hyd...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
2. CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COO C2H5 + H2O
3. C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
4. C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Hom...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
4. Your are required to prepare one namely ester by using ethanoic acid is one of the re...

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CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Procedure:
a) Place some glass wool in a boiling tube
b) Use a dropper to add propan-1-o...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
5. Table shows results of latex coagulation
Procedure Observation
Propanoic acid (weak a...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Procedure:
1. Hang both rubber strips to the retort stand with bulldog clip.
2. Measure ...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
7. Compare and differentiate between namely alkene and alkane
Alkane ( hexane ) Alkene (...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
CHAPTER 12: REDOX
Redox reactions are chemical reactions involving oxidation and reducti...

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CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Aim : To investigate the effect of in contact of other metals on the
rusting of iron.
Pr...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Discussion
1. Based on the observations magnesium and zinc metals inhibit rusting of iro...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
1. Silver, M and L
2. L can displace silver from silver nitrate solution.
3. L is more e...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Cl2 + 2e à 2Cl-
( reduction) 2I-
à I2 + 2e (oxidation
3. Transfer of electron at a dista...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
5. Describe an experiment to investigate oxidation and reduction in the change of iron(I...

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CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
2. hydrogen gas with oxide of less
reactive metal
H2 + PbO à Pb + H2O
3. carbon with oxi...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
2 Fe2O3 + 3C à 4Fe + 3CO2
Fe2O3 + 3CO à 2Fe + 2CO2
CaCO3 à CaO + CO2 ( lime stone decomp...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
CHAPTER 13: THERMOCHEMISTRY
1. Exothermic
– A chemical reaction that gives out heat to t...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
6. To determine heat of combustion (material and apparatus, procedure, tabulation of dat...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Zinc
Iron
Heat of precipitation
Aim: To determine the heat of precipitaion of silver chl...

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CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
CHAPTER 14: CHEMICALS FOR CONSUMERS
Example:
1. (a) A student washed his socks which had...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Compare the cleansing effect between
(i) Experiments I and II
(ii) Experiment II and IV
...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
9. dry ( press the residue between filter papers
Test
10. Place a small amount of the re...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
1. The oil stain in hard water remained but removed in soft water.
Conclusion:
1. Hard w...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
fabrics.
Builder To enhance the cleaning efficiency of
detergent by softening the water
...

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CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Paracetamol Over dose can cause brain and
liver damage
Codeine Addiction, depression and...

CHEMISTRY 2012 HJH ROSSITA RADZAK
Some common medical plant and their functions
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