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The Case for a Quantum Internet in Distributed
Space Operations
Pierfrancesco La Mura
HHL – Leipzig Graduate School of Man...

Outline
Motivation: Distributed space operations as team decision
problems
Team decision problems with classical and quant...

Motivation: Distributed space operations as team decision
problems
The Mars Rover problem
Swarm awareness
Autonomous space...

Team Decision Problems with Classical and
Quantum Signals
Adam Brandenburger
NYU Stern School of Business
Pierfrancesco La...

Outline
Motivation: decentralized team decision problems
Some examples
A classiﬁcation of decision trees
A classiﬁcation o...

Motivation: decentralized team decision problems
A team is a group of agents uniﬁed by common goals.
In many real-life sce...

Motivation: decentralized team decision problems
If communication among team members is immediate, free and
unrestricted, ...

Motivation: decentralized team decision problems
Some team problems require sequential activity by team members,
others pa...

Example: too many cooks

Example: too many cooks
I
In In
Out Out
0 4
1
Making the perfect frittata: one flip is best (payoff of 4), two flips
leads to...

Example: high-speed internet routing
Internet routing is too quick to be centrally implemented.
Internet core routers must...

Kuhn trees with perfect and imperfect recall
Kuhn [1953] introduced a class of decision trees with the property
that no in...

Isbell trees
Isbell [1957] studied a class of decision trees in which the
characteristic single-crossing property of Kuhn ...

Signal types
Depending on the speciﬁc decision environment, team members
may have access to a variety of classical, or eve...

Our results
Type of signal
None or
perfectly
correlated
i.i.d. Exchangeable Quantum
Type of decision
problem
Perfect-recal...

Example: a Kuhn tree with quantum signals
Up1
(1/4) (1/4)
(1/4) (1/4)
0
0
I1 I2
Down1
I3
Up3
Down3
0
−M
Up3
Down3
Up10
Dow...

Example: a Kuhn tree with quantum signals
Consider the signal structure below, where Φ = 2/(1 +
√
5) is the
inverse of the...

Example: a Kuhn tree with quantum signals
Now consider the following strategy proﬁle for the team in the
extended tree:
(i...

Quantum-Assisted Observatories in Space:
Real-time coherence in space telescope arrays via
shared quantum states
Adam Bran...

Outline
Motivation
2 observatories with random orientation
N observatories with costly actions
Discussion: the case for qu...

Motivation
Distributing a set of astronomical
observatories across a vast region
of space has the potential to
capture hit...

Motivation
Some of the most interesting
astronomical events can be quick
and unpredictable:
The ﬁnal moments in a
black ho...

Motivation
If more than one sensor is active
on a target the event can often
be resolved in much greater
detail:
interfero...

Motivation
Ideally, then, when multiple observatories become aware of a
new event, they will follow a coordinated observat...

Methodology and results
We represent the decision problem faced by a set of distant
observatories as a team game.
We then ...

2 observatories with random orientation
We assume that there are
two identical observatories,
each randomly (i.e.,
uniform...

2 observatories with random orientation
The joint payoﬀ depends on
the overlap between the two
ﬁelds of view.
When oriente...

2 observatories with random orientation
A (deterministic) strategy for observatory i (for i = 1, 2) is a
function returnin...

2 observatories with random orientation
Let α and β be the two angles at which the observatories are
oriented with respect...

2 observatories with random orientation
The expected payoﬀ can be written, in simpliﬁed form, as
1
2
+
1
4π2
2π
0
2π
0
|1 ...

2 observatories with random orientation
We now assume that the
two observatories share a
quantum state, namely, a
Bell sta...

2 observatories with random orientation
Consider the following strategy:
each observatory measures its respective qubit in...

N observatories with costly actions
Consider a more general set-up with N (pairwise distant)
observatories.
The current st...

N observatories with costly actions
As before, this scenario can be conceived of as a Kuhn tree
with imperfect recall, and...

N observatories with costly actions
Speciﬁcally, let us consider N observatories, where each
observatory can be in one of ...

N observatories with costly actions
A quantum advantage can only be shown when the cost of
redundancy is high, namely, p s...

N observatories with costly actions
This payoﬀ can be strictly improved on if the two
observatories share a quantum state....

N observatories with costly actions
With three observatories and three types, the best classical
strategy appoints each ob...

Discussion
Space systems are in many ways the ideal application domain for
wide-scale quantum state distribution:
quantum ...

Discussion
Sharing a quantum state cannot enable communication at
faster-than-light speeds (“no-signaling”), but enables p...

Thank you!

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