Grammar-LET Review

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What is Grammar?
1. The systematic study and
description of a language
2. A set of rules and examples
dealing with the syn...

“Grammar is the structural foundation of our
ability to express ourselves. The more we are
aware of how it works, the more...

“It is necessary to know
grammar, and it is better to
write grammatically than not,
but it is well to remember
that gramma...

Approaches: Descriptive vs. Prescriptive
Descriptive grammar (definition #1) refers
to the structure of a language as it i...

Both kinds of grammar are
concerned with rules--but in
different ways. Specialists in
descriptive grammar (called
linguist...

What Descriptive Grammarians
Say…
“Do not to be overly concerned with
matters of correctness: language isn't
good or bad; ...

What Prescriptive Grammarians
Say…
“Use the straightforward rules
of grammar to avoid making
errors. The rules may be
over...

Integrating the Approaches
These two approaches to grammar may be
integrated or may be presented side by side. For
instanc...

Different Ways of Analyzing the
Structures
and Functions of Language

COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR
The analysis and comparison of the grammatical
structures of related languages. Contemporary
work in c...

Question for Discussion
 Do you know of two languages
belonging to the same family (Romance
languages, Malayo-Polynesian,...

GENERATIVE GRAMMAR
The rules determining the structure and
interpretation of sentences that speakers
accept as belonging t...

Question for Discussion
 What knowledge about your First Language
(L1) do you “unconsciously” know?
 What knowledge abou...

MENTAL GRAMMAR
The generative grammar stored in the brain that
allows a speaker to produce language that other
speakers ca...

Question for Discussion
 What is the
implication of the
“Mental Grammar”
Theory on the
teaching of grammar?

PEDAGOGICAL GRAMMAR
Grammatical analysis and instruction designed
for second-language students. The term is
commonly used ...

Question for Discussion
 How, do you think, SHOULD
grammar be taught?

PERFORMANCE GRAMMAR
A description of the syntax of English as it is
actually used by speakers in dialogues.
“Performance g...

Question for Discussion
 From your experience as language
teacher/ communications specialist,
what problems in language p...

REFERENCE GRAMMAR
A description of the grammar of a language,
with explanations of the principles governing
the constructi...

Question for Discussion
 As a language teacher, do you explain
grammatical principles and rules in detail, or
do you focu...

THEORETICAL GRAMMAR
The study of the essential components of any
human language. "Theoretical grammar or
syntax is concern...

Question for Discussion
 Why should language teachers
like you need to have an in-depth
knowledge of English syntax?
You ...

TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR
The collection of prescriptive rules and
concepts about the structure of the language.
"We say that tr...

Question for Discussion
 What essential rules in grammar have
been very helpful to you?
 As a grammar teacher, are you r...

TRANSFORMATIONAL
GRAMMAR
A theory of grammar that accounts for the
constructions of a language by linguistic
transformatio...

UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR
The system of categories, operations, and
principles shared by all human languages and
considered to be ...

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