Project “The Interceptor”: Owning anti-drone systems with nanodrones

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David Meléndez CanoDavid Meléndez Cano
R&D Embedded Systems Engineer
@taiksontexas
Taiksonprojects.blogspot.com
Project “T...

David Meléndez Cano
@TaiksonTexas
●
R&D Embedded Software Engineer in
Albalá Ingenieros, S.A. Spain
●
Author of the robots...

David Meléndez Cano
@TaiksonTexas
●
R&D Embedded Software Engineer in
Albalá Ingenieros, S.A. Spain
●
Author of the robots...

David Meléndez Cano
@TaiksonTexas
●
R&D Embedded Software Engineer in
Albalá Ingenieros, S.A. Spain
●
Author of the robots...

David Meléndez Cano
@TaiksonTexas
●
R&D Embedded Software Engineer in
Albalá Ingenieros, S.A. Spain
●
Author of the robots...

@taiksontexas

@taiksontexas
Previously in DEFCON...

@taiksontexas
Previously in DEFCON...

@taiksontexas
Drones as a threat
●
Flying computers. (IoT over your head.)
●
Custom payloads:
– Sniffers
– Jammers
– Netwo...

@taiksontexas
Detection
●
Thermal and standard cameras
– A.I. to detect drone shape
– Electronics and motor heat detection...

@taiksontexas
“Voluntary” measures
●
No-fly zone controlled by onboard GPS and
Autopilots
●
Real time telemetry transmissi...

@taiksontexas
Counter-Countermeasures
●
Spread-spectrum
●
Frequency hopping
●
Use unespected frequencies by the jammer
●
R...

@taiksontexas
First Round: “ATROPOS”
Dron ATROPOS
●
WiFi Router
●
PIC16F876 for PWM
●
Wii Nunckuck and
Motion + as onboard...

@taiksontexas
First Round: “ATROPOS”
Dron ATROPOS
●
WiFi Router
●
PIC16F876 for PWM
●
Wii Nunckuck and
Motion + as onboard...

@taiksontexas
First Round: “ATROPOS”
Dron ATROPOS
●
WiFi Router
●
PIC16F876 for PWM
●
Wii Nunckuck and
Motion + as onboard...

@taiksontexas
First Round: “ATROPOS”
Dron ATROPOS
●
WiFi Router
●
PIC16F876 for PWM
●
Wii Nunckuck and
Motion + as onboard...

@taiksontexas
Now, what else?
“We count thirty Rebel ships, Lord Vader...
...but they're so small they're evading our
turb...

@taiksontexas
Project “The Interceptor”

@taiksontexas
Project “The Interceptor”
●
Minimum size and weight (harder to detect)
●
Low budget (no, seriously, really l...

@taiksontexas
Project “The Interceptor”

@taiksontexas
Vocore2

@taiksontexas
Vocore2

@taiksontexas
Vocore2: PWM
●
We need to generate x4 PWM signals to control
the motors
– Hard real time constrained. Need s...

@taiksontexas
Vocore2: PWM in the forum
Random guy Q: ¿How can I enable all PWM?

@taiksontexas
Vocore2: PWM in the forum
Random guy Q: ¿How can I enable all PWM?

@taiksontexas
Vocore2: PWM in the forum
Random guy Q: ¿How can I enable all PWM?

@taiksontexas
Vocore2: PWM in the forum
Random guy Q: ¿How can I enable all PWM?

@taiksontexas
Vocore2: PWM (pinmux)
./target/linux/ramips/dts/mt7628an.dtsi

@taiksontexas
Vocore2: PWM (pinmux)
Pinmux redefinition
ADC chip declaration
Present in I2C for battery
Disabled UART2
Ena...

@taiksontexas
Vocore2: pinmux mt7628
(datasheet)

@taiksontexas
Power stage
●
Brushed motors (cheap as hell)
●
X1 MOSFET
●
X1 Capacitor
●
X1 Schottky
diode

@taiksontexas
Electrical motor behaviour

@taiksontexas
PID tunning

@taiksontexas
Interceptor WiFi architecture
JOYSTICK
802.11 beacon injection
DRONE
control
AES encryption
telemetry
WEB in...

Header
AP
“INTERCEPTORINTERCEPTOR”
COMMAND
Preamble
Gas
Pitch
Roll
Yaw
SEQUENCE
NUMBER
SHA256
INITIALIZATION
VECTOR
Forged...

@taiksontexas
Interceptor WiFi architecture
PILOT DRONE
My channel: 13; Target channel:12
My channel: 12; Target channel:1...

@taiksontexas
YAW Indicator
Sequence number
“Ultimate target” channel
Current/target Channel
Pitch/roll Indicator
WiFi mod...

@taiksontexas
Fallback FM based TX
●
For a WiFi complete jamming scenario
●
Transmit with an arbitrary frequency
●
Demo in...

@taiksontexas
Fallback FM based TX
http://asliceofraspberrypi.blogspot.com/2014/10/generating-
radio-frequencies-using.html

@taiksontexas
Fallback FM based TX
JOYSTICK
Pilot (RPI)
FSK
modulation
RF format
conversion
FM modulated
transmission GPIO...

@taiksontexas

David Meléndez CanoDavid Meléndez Cano
R&D Embedded Systems Developer
@taiksontexas
Taiksonprojects.blogspot.com
Acknowled...

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