8 mercury use davin allan spectrum

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2018 Overview of Myanmar
Mercury Uses & Emissions
• What we know
• What we don’t know
• Where to go from here
David Allan,...

Overview
• Information available
• SOBA and IPPS
• ASGM - Overview
• ASGM – Need for Multistakeholder approach
• Hg to Au ...

Overview
• Information available
• SOBA and IPPS
• ASGM - Overview
• ASGM – Need for Multistakeholder approach
• Hg to Au ...

Mercury Inventory in Myanmar
• Increasing research!
• Much approximated / modelled. Eg IPPS
estimation during SOBA
• (but ...

Calculated Mercury loads from
Industrial Zones in Myanmar
Based on IPSS method:
• (the International Pollutant Projection ...

Modelled Results from Industry Mix
(Excluding power generation & Mining)

Modelled Results by location
(Excluding power generation & Mining)

Modelled Results
from Industry Mix
(Excluding power
generation &
Mining)

Artisanal & Small-Scale Gold Mining -
Globally
• 10-15 million artisanal miners in over 70
countries (ASM is the 3rd bigge...

Mercury in ASGM
• ASGM is the world’s highest
source of anthropogenic
mercury emissions – (16,000
tons per year)
• A globa...

Why is mercury used in ASGM?
• It is quick and easy to use
• It is easy to access
• It is cheap
• It is portable and can b...

“ASGM is complex and diverse, involving
a range of different actors and
stakeholders. Whilst ASGM is a vital
coping strate...

Mercury Use in ASGM in Myanmar
• Not very much research done to date
• Recent research shows levels of 81ug/g in
Irrawaddy...

What Do We Need to Find Out to
Estimate Mercury use in ASGM?
• Is mercury used?
• How is ore processed?
• How much mercury...

Calculating Hg:Au Ratio
Hg (total) – Hg (excess) ÷ Au (sponge) = Hg:Au
• Whole ore amalgamation roughly 5:1
• Concentrate ...

Mining Practices
and Mercury Use
Myaw Shwe
• Large numbers of operations
in upper Irawaddy, Maika and
Malaika Rivers
• Min...

Mining Practices
and Mercury Use
Phyone Shwe
•Operations usually have
5-7 workers
•Higher levels of investment
and higher ...

Mining Practices
and Mercury Use
T’nine T’bine
• Practiced for a few months a
year after harvesting period
• Important sub...

Estimating Mercury Releases in Upper
Ayarwaddy
• Average mercury:gold ratio for alluvial gold
mining 1.4 : 1
• Gold smelte...

Mercury mined from the bed of the Irrawaddy.
This shows that there may be huge amounts
of mercury covering the whole of th...

Options for Mercury Reduction /
Elimination in ASGM
• Extensive miner education
• Control of mercury sale
• Introduction o...

Options for Reducing Mercury in Gold
Production

0 mercury methods
• Direct smelting
method
• Gravity method
• Chemical Leaching
(cyanidation)

Flora and Fauna International
“As part of FFI’s freshwater ecosystem conservation program in the Upper
Ayeyarwaddy basin, ...

MATA – Myanmar Alliance for
Transparency and Accountability
“MATA is a nationwide alliance of around 450 organisation.
The...

References:
• Persaud A., and Telmer K. (2015) Developing Baseline
Estimates of Mercury Use in Artisanal and Small-Scale
G...

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