Advice on academic writing

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Advice on Academic
Writing
WRITING COURSES

Some General Advice on Academic Essay-Writing
An essay should have an argument.
It should prove something by reasoning and...

Planning and Organizing
Characteristics of a good Thesis statement
 It makes a definite and limited assertion that needs ...

Introductions and conclusions
A good introduction should:
 Identify the topic.
 Provide essential context.
 Indicate th...

Paragraph
A paragraph is a series of related sentences developing a central idea, the topic.
How to unify ideas in a parag...

In academic writing, the topic sentence nearly always works best at the beginning of
a paragraph so that the reader knows ...

The analysis or classification paragraph develops a topic by distinguishing its component
parts and discussing each of the...

How to make ideas flow in a paragraph
Flow: the way a paragraph moves from idea to idea. This movement occurs both
within ...

Topic Sentence
 States the main point of paragraphs.
 Helps protect the readers from confusion by guiding them through t...

Reading and Researching
Critical Reading
To read critically is to make judgements about:
 how a text is argued.
 How the...

Looking for ways of thinking
 Determine the central claims or purpose of the text.
 Make judgements about context: audie...

Effective reading
 Textbooks
 Primary sources
 Research readings
Read with comprehension and memory.
Look for facts and...

Using Sources
How not to Plagiarize
 Give proper references to all the reading you have done and all the ideas you
have e...

Paraphrase
 Provide a reference.
 Use your own words.
 Create your own sentence structure.
Summarize
 Absorb the meani...

Using quotations
 If the language is powerful or memorable.
 To confirm the credibility of the argument.
 If the passag...

 A long quotation is introduced with a full sentence that helps capture how it fits into
the argument.
 Use ‘ellipsis’ t...

Specific Types of Writing
 Book review: comments on and evaluates the work.
 Annotated bibliography: gives an account of...

 Writing about a Philosophy essay.
 Effective Admission letter.
 Application letter.
 The academic proposal.
 The Lab...

English Language
 Articles, determiners or markers.
 Expressions of quantity.
 Subject – verb agreement.
 Gerunds and ...

Bibliography
University of Toronto – Writing courses. Advice on Academic Writing
http:/advice.writing.utoronto.ca

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