Wildlife: a forgotten and threatened resource

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Wildlife: a forgotten and
threatened forest resource
Robert NASI,
Nathalie van VLIET,
John E. FA
20 June 2016, Le Corum, M...

Importance of
wildlife
 Ecological
• Keystone species
• Ecological services
 Economical
• Local livelihoods,
food securi...

Ecological aspects
 Extinction or extirpation of
hunted species
 Food chain feed–back and Allee
effects
 Potential pest...

 Potential food crisis;
malnutrition
 Deforestation or forest
degradation for alternative
sources of protein
 Unsustain...

Gender dimension
• Plays a disproportionately
important role in the
livelihoods and well-being of
women (and children)
• W...

Public health
Emerging diseases
 70% of human diseases are
zoonoses
 SRAS, Marburg, Lassa, Nypah
 Ebola
Nutrition
 Wil...

Areas with more bushmeat extraction, more food
insecurity are also the areas most likely to be
affected by Ebola in centra...

The Bushmeat case

Taxonomic composition of terrestrial vertebrates hunted for bushmeat in
tropical and sub-tropical habitats in different wo...

The “Bushmeat Crisis”
 Empirical evidence
• Historical: hunting-related
extinctions (passenger pigeon,
American buffalo…)...

“Realistically, if changes in attitude do not occur
soon…a fitting epithet for the loss of [Sulawesi]
endemic mammals and ...

You have to have at least one
square meal a day to be an
environmentalist
(Borlaug)

2 billion 15 million
5 million tonnes/year of
bushmeat in the Congo Basin is
equivalent to:
 5 million tonnes of
bushmeat...

REPUBLIC OF CONGO
GABON
CAMEROON
42.3
(108)
30.9
(85)
9.8
(122)
In Central Africa, financial
profits and gross
economic be...

5% 6%
2% 10%
11% 15%
5% 11%
20%/25%
From: Van Vliet et al. (2012)
Bushmeat is regularly
eaten
Example: rural and urban
chi...

 Economically significant and socially acceptable
 Largely non substitutable
 Gender differentiated
 Regulated but not...

Barriers to management
 Knowledge of most of the hunted
species is, at best, minimal
 Stocks are very difficulty to moni...

Repression only won’t work!
“Laissez-faire” won’t work either!
Is there a way forward?

Tackling the protein gap and the biodiversity
loss
 Solutions can only be combinations of various actions at
different po...

Acknowledge contribution
to food security and health
in national strategies
Include in national statistics
as a vital nati...

Improving sustainability of supply
 Hunter, rural consumers
– Negotiate hunting rules allowing harvesting resilient
speci...

Improving sustainability of supply
 Extractive industries
– Enforce codes of conducts and include
wildlife concerns in co...

Reducing demand
 Hunters, rural consumers
– Develop alternative sources of protein
at a cost similar to bushmeat
– Improv...

Reducing demand
 Retailers, urban consumers
– Strictly enforcing ban of protected/endangered species sales and
consumptio...

“Enabling” environment
 National policy makers and agencies (range states)
– Enhancing ownership, linked to tenurial and ...

“Enabling” environment
 International policies
– Strict enforcement of CITES
– Ensure wildlife issues are covered within ...

CIFOR argues that since up to 80 percent of the rural households in central and western
Africa already depend on bushmeat ...

If you want to know more
Relevant sessions in ATBC 2016
Defaunation: a local process with
global implications
Monday 20, 1...

Pictures, infographics: CIFOR, Robert Nasi,
Nathalie van Vliet, John E. Fa David Wilkie,
Liz Bennett, and Charles Doumenge

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