Solid (CLASS XII)

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SOLIDS
1
Types of Solid
Amorphous Solid
Atoms are irregularly placed so these solids do not have characteristic shapes. e....

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characteristic heat of fusion characteristic heat of fusion.
Anisotropy Anisotropic in nature. Mechanical
strengt...

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also increases. They start moving in the electron sea and obstruct the movement of the
electrons leading decrease...

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A. On hammering or applying stress a layer of ions slips away from their oppositely charged
neighbours and brings...

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ii) Face centred: – When lattice points are at corners & centre of each face of unit cell
iii) End centred: – Whe...

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Packing of Spheres in Solids:
(A) Close Packing in One Dimension
Close packing of spheres in one dimension.
(B) C...

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(II) Placing Third Layer over the Second Layer:
When third layer is placed over the second, there are two possibi...

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Solid Circle Represent Layer A and Dotted Actual view of hexagonal close
packing
Circle Represent Layer B
The thi...

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This type packing is called as the ABCABCA ….. type of arrangement. It is also known as
cubic close packing( ccp)...

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2. Coordination number = 8; four neighbours above and four neighbours
below
3. Occupies 68% of the available vol...

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2. Body–Centred Cubic Unit Cell (BCC Unit Cell)
3. Face centred Cubic Unit Cell (FCC Unit Cell)
Radius Ratio for...

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Radius Ratio of Tetrahedral Void
Body diagonal of smaller cube & larger cube are collinear & body diagonal of sm...

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Illustrating effect of radius ratio on co–ordination number. As rc/ra increases, coordination
number increases
Q...

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Solid defect
Electronic
imperfecton
Atomic imperfection
(Point defect)
Stoichiometric defect
If number of cation...

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the electrons. Free electrons and holes in crystals are considered to be electronic
imperfections. These electro...

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2. Due to the presence of holes in the crystal, its density decreases. However it may be
noted that density decr...

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Consequences of Metal Excess Defects
1. The crystal with metal excess defects conducts electricity due to the pr...

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It can be calculated by balancing net positive and negative charge. If x mole of Fe+3 ions
are present then mole...

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atom uses its three electrons to form three bonds
to complete the network structure of Ge. As a
result, some sit...

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Metallic conductors are those which allow the electricity to pass through them without
undergoing any chemical c...

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Distinction between metals, insulators and semiconductors in. terms of band theory
The spaces between valence ba...

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Each electron in an atom has magnetic moment which originates from two
sources:
(i) Orbital motion around the nu...

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cancelled. The ordering of domain persists
even when the magnetic field is removed
and the ferromagnetic substan...

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SURFACE CHEMISTRY by Poonam Chopra 2943 views

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